• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2004

A time-resolved two-phase PIV system using a single camera has been developed, which introduces a method of image separation into respective phase images, and is applied to freely rising single bubble. Gas bubble, tracer particle and background have different gray intensity ranges on the same image frame when reflection and dispersion in the phase interface are intrinsically eliminated by optical filters and fluorescent particles. Further, the signals of the two phases do not interfere with each other. Gas phase velocities are obtained from the separated bubble image by applying the two-frame PTV. On the other hand, liquid phase velocities are obtained from the tracer particle image by applying the cross-correlation algorithm. As a result, the bubble rises rectilinearly just after it is released from an injector and then has a zigzag motion in the far field. From the trajectory of the bubble, it is found that the period of the zigzag motion is closely related to the vortex shedding although the wavelength of it varies along its movement.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가시화정보학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.7-10
• /
• 2002

A novel two-phase PIV algorithm using a single camera has been proposed, which introduces a method of image-separation into respective phase images, and is applied to freely rising single bubble. Gas bubble, tracer particle and background each have different gray intensity ranges on the same image frame when reflection and dispersion in the phase interface are intrinsically eliminated by optical filters and fluorescent material. Further, the signals of the two phases do not interfere with each other. Gas phase velocities are obtained from the separated bubble image by applying the two-frame PTV. On the other hand, liquid phase velocities are obtained from the tracer particle image by applying the cross-correlation algorithm. Moreover, in order to increase the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the cross-correlation of tracer particle image, image enhancement is employed.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.1558-1563
• /
• 2004

A measurement technique for the void fraction and the bubble dynamics in gas-liquid two-phase flows has been proposed using a time-resolved two-phase PIV system. For the three-dimensional evaluation of the bubble information, both the images from the front and side views are simultaneously recorded into a high speed CCD camera by reflecting the side image into the front view with the help of a $45^{\circ}$ oriented mirror. Then, a stereo-matching technique is applied to calculate the void fraction, bubble size and shape. To obtain the rising bubble velocities, the 2-frame PTV method was applied. Consequently, the present technique shows good feasibility for the measurements of the volume fractions, mean diameters, aspect ratios and velocities of the bubbles at the three-dimensional point of view.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.682-687
• /
• 2004

Y-junction microchannels are widely used as a flew mixer. Fluids are entered from two branch channels and merged together at a combined channel. In this study, we suggest a simple method to create the fluid digitization using flow instability phenomena. Two immiscible liquids (water/oil) are infused continuously to each Y-junction inlets. Because of the differences in fluid and flow properties at the interface, oil droplet is formed automatically followed by flow instability. In order to clarify the hydrodynamic aspects involved in oil droplet formation, a quantitative flow visualization study has performed. Highly resolved velocity vector fields are obtained by a micro-PIV technique, so that detail flow structures around the droplet are illustrated. In this study, fluorescent particles were mixed with water only for visualization of oil droplet and velocity field measurement in water flow.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.362-373
• /
• 2002

A stereoscopic PIV (SPIV) measurement system based on the translation configuration was developed and applied to the flow behind a forward-swept axial-fan. Measurement of three orthogonal velocity components is essential for flow analysis of three-dimensional flows such as flow around a fan or propeller. In this study, the translation configuration was adopted to calculate the out-of-plane velocity component from 2-D PIV data obtained from two CCD cameras. The error caused by the out-of-plane motion was estimated by direct comparison of the 2-D PIV and 3-D SPIV results that measured from the particle images captured simultaneously. The comparison shows that the error ratio is relatively high in the region of higher out-of-plane motion near the axial fan blade. The turbulence intensity measured by the 2-D PIV method is bigger by about 5.8% in maximum compared with that of the 3-D SPIV method. The phase-averaged velocity field results show that the wake behind an axial fan has a periodic flow structure with respect to the blade phase and the characteristic flow structure is shifted downstream in the next phase.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가시화정보학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.23-26
• /
• 2002

The phase-averaged velocity fields of 3 dimensional turbulent wake behind a marine propeller measured by 2D PIV and stereoscopic PIV(SPIV) were compared directly. In-plane velocity fields obtained from the consecutive particle images captured by one camera in 2D PIV have perspective errors due to out-of-plane motion. However, the perspective errors can be removed by measuring three component velocity fields using SPIV method with two cameras. It is also necessary to measure three components velocity fields for the investigation of complicated near-wake behind the propeller for the suitable propeller design. 400 instantaneous velocity fields were measured for each of four different blade phases of $0^{\circ},\;18^{\circ},\;36^{\circ}C\;and\;54^{\circ}$. They were ensemble averaged to investigate the spatial evolution of the propeller wake in the downstream region. The phase-averaged velocity fields show the viscous wake developed along the blade surfaces and tip vortices were formed periodically. The perspective errors caused by the out-of-plane motion was estimated by the comparison of 2D PIV and SPIV results. The difference in the axial mean velocity fields measured by both techniques are nearly proportional to the mean out-of-plane velocity component which has large values in the regions of the tip and trailing vortices. The axial turbulence intensity measured by 2D PIV was overestimated since the out-of-plane velocity fluctuations influence the in-plane velocity vectors and increase the in-plane turbulence intensities.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2002

As the first step to investigate the fundamental mechanism of a dispersed two-phase flow, we studied the detailed interactions between bubble or particle motion and flow around it. Experiments were carried out with a rising bubble or particle in stagnant water in a vertical pipe. Particles with different densities, and/or different shapes were used for comparison with a bubble. We adopted 3D-PTV (Three-Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry) for measuring the bubble or particle motions, and PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) for measuring the water flow simultaneously (Hybrid PIV). The experimental results showed that the oblate spheroidal solid particle rose along the longer axis direction at the point that the inclination of the longer axis reached the maximum, and the inclination direction changed after moving. The bubble moved to the direction that the spheroid's projected width grew up to the largest, and the minor axis of the oblate spheroidal body of the bubble was parallel to the moving direction. The trajectory of the center of the particle/bubble which was measured with 3D-PTV, was marked on the section (x-y) of the pipe. It exhibited the pattern of the particle/bubble motion.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제38권10호
• /
• pp.841-849
• /
• 2005

유사 입자가 포함된 흐름이나 공기 방울이 포함된 흐름과 같은 이상류 (two-phase flow) 는 유체의 속도와 입자의 속도와 같은 두 가지 서로 다른 속도 분포가 존재한다. 이러한 이상류의 속도장 분석을 위해서는 두 가지 속도 분포를 별도로 측정할 수 있는 기법을 이용해야 한다. 공기 방울이 포함된 흐름에 대해서는 입자영상 유속계(PIV)나 입자추적유속계(PTV)를 이용하여 비교적 타당한 정도로 유속 분포를 측정하여 왔다. 그러나 자연 모래를 포함한 흐름 영상의 속도 분포 해석에서는 PIV나 PTV가 그다지 성공적이지 못했는데, 그것은 흐름 중에 있는 유사 입자가 영상을 해석하기 어렵게 만들기 때문이다. 유사 흐름의 속도 분석을 위해 다양한 영상 분석 기법을 결합한 방법을 제시하였다. 입자 추출 알고리듬으로 역치값, 경계 추출 알고리듬, 세선화 알고리듬을 조합한 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 또한 입자의 이동 변위 계산을 위해서 PIV와 PTV를 조합한 새로운 방법을 개발하였다. 이 새로운 알고리듬은 다음과 같은 기능을 가지고 있다. (1) 새알고리듬은 유사 입자, 특히 자연 모래와 같이 불규칙한 형태를 갖는 입자의 경계를 정확히 찾아낼 수 있다. (2) 필요한 정보를 잃어버리지 않고, 반사광이나 난반사에 의한 영상을 효율적으로 제거할 수 있다. (3) 추적 입자가 유사입자 가까이에 있어 유사의 난반사 영역이 들어 있어도 이를 분리해 낼 수 있다.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.32-36
• /
• 2006

Recently there are many researches about single flow and two-phase flow phenomena in the mini and microchannel. But from this result the principle in the microchannel was not explained clearly. In this paper two-phase flow pattern was visualized in the micro-multi-branched-channel using a high speed camera. Microchannel was fabricated with PDMS and glass slide. The velocity profile was obtained by a Micro PIV. Then flow boiling at the near inlet area was occurred and vapor was moved in the micro-multi-branched-channel.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2016

Radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula(RC-AVF) is the most recommended operation of achieving access for hemodialysis. However, it has high rates of early failure depending on the many haemodynamic conditions. To increase RC-AVF patency rate, many researches were performed by in-vitro experiment via artificial vessel and blood analogue fluid, and there were conflicting opinions about whether the non-Newtonian properties of blood have an influence on the flow in large arteries. To investigate the influence of viscoelasticity of blood within the RC-AVF, we fabricated three dimensional artificial RC-AVF and two kinds of blood analogue fluid. The velocity field of two fluids within the vessel were measured by micro-particle velocimetry(m-PIV) and compared with each other. The velocity profiles of both fluids for systolic phase were matched well while those for diastolic phase did not correspond. Therefore, it is desired to use non-newtonian fluid for in-vitro experiment of RC-AVF.