• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2000

The electro-optical characteristics of TN(twisted nematic)-LCD(liquid crystal display) with photo-dimerized on a PMCh(poly(4'methacryoyloxylchalcone)) surface using a new photo-dimerization method was studied. The excellent voltage-transmittance(V-T) curve of TN-LCD with photo-dimerized on a PNCh surface for 1 min. using a new photo-dimerization method was observed. Also, the voltage-hold-ing-ratio(VHR) of TN-LCD with photo-dimerized on a PMCh surface using a new photo-dimerization method is higher than that of conventional photo-dimerization method. Consequently, we suggest that the new photo-dimerization method. Consequently, we suggest that the new photo-dimerization method for LC aligning is the most promising rubbing-free techniques.

• 오토저널
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.29-42
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• 1990

Three dimensional frame structures with such nonlinearities as large displacements, medium rotations, plastic hinges and local defects are efficiently analyzed by introducing the nonlinear rotational spring. Formulations are based on the incremental updated Lagrangian descriptions and the virtual work principle, Axial displacement and twisted angle in beam elements are interpolated linearly, while bending displacements are approximated by the Hermite polynomials. The modified are length method is used as a solution method. The moment-angle of rotation relationship obtained analytically or experimentally can be easily incorporated into the solution procedure. Several examples tested show that the present method can be used efficiently in analyzing nonlinear frame structures with plastic hinges or local defect.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.541-544
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• 1999

We synthesised a novel photo-alignment material of PCEMA (poly(cinnamolyethyl methacrylate)) on photo-dimerization reaction. Next we investigated the electro-optical (EO) characteristics of photo-aligned twisted nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) with linearly polarized ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation on PCEHA surface. The excellent voltage-transmittance characteristics of photo-aligned TN-LCD on PCEMA surface were obtained. The threshold voltage of photo-aligned TN-LCD decreases with increasing the UV light irradiation time on PCEMA surface. Also, the response time of photo-aligned TN-LCD on PCEMA surface is almost the same as rubbing-aligned TN-LCD.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.16
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• pp.502-505
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• 2003

We synthesized high thermal photoalignment material with hydroxyl aromatic polyimide, and studied the liquid crystal (LC) aligning capabilities on the photopolymer layers. Also, electro-optical (EO) performances for the twisted-nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) photoaligned with linearly polarized UV exposure were investigated. A good LC alignment with UV exposure on the photopolymer surface can be obtained. However, the low pretilt angles were obtained below $1^{\circ}$. The Voltage-transmittance (V-T) curve without backflow bounce in the photoaligned TN cell with UV exposure was observed. The response time of photoaligned TN cell was measured about 24 ms.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.348-352
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• 1998

Berreman에 의해 제시된 액정 유체 방정식을 이용하여 쌍안정 TN 액정 셀의 여러 가지 파라미터 광 스위칭특성에 미치는 효과를 시뮬레이션을 통하여 연구하였다. 이로부터 쌍안정 TN LCD의 rising time과 delay time을 줄이는 액정 물질 및 셀 제작조건을 제시하였다. 고속응답을 위한 탄성계수는 K11은 크고 K22, K33 는 작은 것이 유리하고, 유전율 이방성, 회전 점성계수, 두께, 프리틸트 각, d/p등은 모두 작은 것이 유리하다. 특히 d/p는 고속응답 뿐만 아니라 0$^{\circ}$스위칭에 필요한 selection 펄스의 폭에 가장 많은 영향을 주는 중요한 파라미터이다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 명암대비와 밝기를 높일 수 있는 반사형 쌍안정 TN셀의 광학 조건을 최적화 하였다. 세 파장(450 nm, 550nm, 650nm)의 광 특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 편광판 각도를 다른 광학 파라미터보다 더욱 정밀하게 제어해야 하며, dΔn 값이 밝은 상태의 색 특성에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 광대역 Ν4 필름을 사용해서 반사형 쌍안정 TN셀을 제작해 10.6:1이라는 명암대비를 얻었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.645-648
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• 2005

Cutaneous horn is a morphologic designation for a projectile, conical, dense hyperkeratotic nodule that resembles the horn of an animal. The lesion varies in size from only a few millimeters to several centimeters, in color(white or yellowish) and in form (straight, curved, or twisted). It arises from a wide range of epidermal lesions, which include benign lesions, premalignant lesions and malignant lesions. An 83-year-old women came to our clinic with a giant cutaneous horn on the right chin and a small horn on the left upper eyelid. The patient had no palpable cervical lymph node. A wide elliptical skin incision was made and the horn was totally excised. In pathology, the giant cutaneous horn on the right chin revealed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with subcutis invasion at its base. "Giant cutaneous horns" have often been associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous horns are common lesions usually found on the face, rarely larger than 2 cm. As large cutaneous horns are often associated with underlying malignancy, histopathologic examination of the base of the lesion is necessary to rule out carcinoma and full excision is recommended.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1752-1759
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• 2004

Reinforced braid layer (RBL) in automobile power steering hose plays an important role in power steering system. When the working oil is applied to the power steering hose, RBL suppresses rubber hose deformation from internal pressure and heat expansion. RBL is woven textile composites having a double-row structure of nylon cords twisted with the specific helix angle. In this paper, effective material properties of RBL are estimated using a detailed 3-D finite element model considering its complicated geometry. Numerical experiments based on a superposition method are carried out to simulate uniaxial tensile loading condition.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.189-212
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• 2006

Let $F^{\alpha}G$ be a twisted group algebra with basis ${{\mu}g|g\;{\in}\;G}$ and $P\;=\;{C_g|g\;{\in}\;G}$ be a partition of G. A projective class algebra associated with P is a subalgebra of $F^{\alpha}G$ generated by all class sums $\sum\limits{_{x{\in}C_g}}\;{\mu}_x$. A main object of the paper is to find interrelationships of projective class algebras in $F^{\alpha}G$ and in $F^{\alpha}H$ for H < G. And the a-spherical function will play an important role for the purpose. We find functional properties of a-spherical functions and investigate roles of $\alpha-spherical$ functions as characters of projective class algebras.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.1511-1528
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• 2020

A skew generalized power series ring R[[S, 𝜔]] consists of all functions from a strictly ordered monoid S to a ring R whose support contains neither infinite descending chains nor infinite antichains, with pointwise addition, and with multiplication given by convolution twisted by an action 𝜔 of the monoid S on the ring R. Special cases of the skew generalized power series ring construction are skew polynomial rings, skew Laurent polynomial rings, skew power series rings, skew Laurent series rings, skew monoid rings, skew group rings, skew Mal'cev-Neumann series rings, the "untwisted" versions of all of these, and generalized power series rings. In this paper we obtain some necessary conditions on R, S and 𝜔 such that the skew generalized power series ring R[[S, 𝜔]] is (uniquely) clean. As particular cases of our general results we obtain new theorems on skew Mal'cev-Neumann series rings, skew Laurent series rings, and generalized power series rings.