• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

Purpose: To develop educational material about nutrition during antepartum period for women pregnant with twins by using smartphone applications. Methods: A series of steps according to ADDIE model, including Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation were used to develop smartphone application of antepartum nutrition care for women pregnant with twins. Results: Based on experts' evaluation, the average score was $4.6{\pm}0.39$ in total. Content score was $4.7{\pm}0.40$. Interface design score was $4.5{\pm}0.55$. Content score was higher than interface design score. User evaluation was conducted in the form of interview. Results of interviews revealed that users generally responded positively to the accuracy, understanding, and objectivity for content items of the smartphone app. As for the evaluation of consistency for the evaluation item of interface design, users answered "ordinary" or "generally yes". For design suitability and accuracy of vocabulary, they answered 'generally suitable'. Conclusion: The smartphone app developed through this study is expected to aid antepartum care for women pregnant with twins. It will also contribute to health promotion of both pregnant women and twin fetus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.717-722
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• 1992

An experiment was conducted to examine the feasibility of producing multiple calves using embryo transfer in Japanese Black cattle. Milk yield of cows and forage intake of calves were measured for 11 cows with single calves, 14 cows with twins and one cow with triplets. The means of 26 weeks cumulative milk yield were 854, 1028 and 1271 kg for cows having singles, twins and triplets, respectively. Male birth weights for single calves, twins and triplet were 34.9, 26.6 and 19.9 kg, and female ones were 31.7, 24.1 and 22.1 kg, respectively. Weight and daily gain of calves were affected by weeks (W), sex (S), the number of calves (N), parity, birth season, $W{\times}N$, $S{\times}N$ and regression on milk yield. Growth rate was higher for single calves than for twins until about 9 weeks of age, then weights increased at a similar rate. Male calf weaning weights for singles, twins and triplets were 207.0, 177.1 and 162.2 kg, and those for females were 185.4, 151.6 and 180.4 kg, respectively. Average regression coefficients of calf growth on milk yield were significant, and single calf was affected more than twin calves by increment of milk yield. As the number of calves per cow increased, hay intake of calves decreased and concentrate intake tended to increase between 6 and 13 weeks of age.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.772-783
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• 2018

The aims of this study were to use the Rydoraku test, electrogastrography, and enterotachography to examine the presence of familial gastric dysmotility among monozygotic twins and their mothers; to determine the relationship between the symptoms and the indexes of the Rydoraku test, electrogastrography, and enterotachography; and to observe the therapeutic reaction for each differential treatment between twins with familial gastric dysmotility. The same herbal medication (Banhasasim-tang extract three times/day and Sojuckkunbi-tang extract three times/day) was given to each twin, but the younger twin also underwent manual acupuncture on the CV 10, 12, and 13 points of the abdominal wall and electrical stimulation of both ST 36 points of the lower leg 2-3 times per week. Evaluation of the therapeutic effect was followed after six weeks. The presence of familial gastric dysmotility was shown in the autonomic nerve system and gastric muscle and was thought to be a common pathophysiology induced by genetic co-ownership. Only the younger twin showed any marked relief of the dyspeptic symptoms associated with improvement of pyloric sphincter function, which was induced by acupuncture treatment. The Rydoraku test, electrogastrography, and enterotachography results showed the presence of familial gastric dysmotility. Although Korean traditional medicine had no effect on the familiar gastric dysmotility associated with genetic influences, the acupuncture treatment had a beneficial effect on the secondary disorder of pyloric sphincter function, which is associated with the relief of dyspeptic symptoms.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 1981

In order to study twin pregnancies, a retrospective survey was carried out in Yonsei University, Severance Hospital. Twin deliveries during 1967-1976 numbered altogether 264, and their relative frequency was 1.30%. Clinical palpation in addition to auscultation and roentgenologic technique had been used in the twin diagnosis. The diagnosis was made prior to delivery in 93.18% of the cases. The deliveries took place in the 37.26th (S.D. 3.95) gestational weeks on an average. The mean weights of the infants were-A (first baby) 2416.03g. (S.D. 802.61), and B (second baby) 2299.81g. (S.D. 190.31). The most common manner of twin delivery was spontaneous vaginal delivery. Cesarean section was done in 14.39%, of which the most common indication was hypotonic uterine dysfunction (34.21 %). Low one minute Apgar scores occured more often in B twins than among A twins. Breech delivery gave low one minute Apgar scores more often than did spontaneous vertex delivery in both twins. Full term twins and infants weighing more than 2500g. had fewer low one minute Apgar scores than the preterm infants and those with low birth weight. Perinatal mortality (PNM) in the total series was 14.77% (A 12.50% and B17.05%). The most common cause of perinatal mortality was prematurity in 44.87%. The worst outcome was recorded for the age groups 15-19 and ${\geqq}$40, in which perinatal mortality were 50.00%, respectively. The perinatal mortality of both A and B infants was lowest in the group diagnosed early during antenatal care before delivery. On the basis of our findings, we wish to emphasize particularly the importance of the early diagnosis of twins.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2006

This case was found in Holstein cow suffering from dystocia. The twin calves in uterus were dead and removed by fetotomy. Gross anatomical analysis of thoracopagus siamese calf was carried out. Two normal heads were present on two necks, however, the twins were fused in the thoracic region. There were four forelimbs and an abnormal orientation of ribs. Two separate vertebral columns along the length of the animal ended with two tails. A single pericardium lay on the midline when opening the thorax. However, there were two almost completely hearts within the pericardial sac. Two heart were joined by a common cavernous venous sinuous. There were two sets of lungs. Each twins had a separate esophagus that entered a separated stomach. A large liver was fused and connected into two duodenums. The pelvis, large intestines and urinary tracts were separated. The twins are female and have a full complement of limb.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.143-146
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• 1995

Twins along(202) and (211) planes are observed in monoclinic $ZrO_2$ thin film, which is deposited on Si substrate by MOCVD at $350^{\circ}C$ and annealed at $1150^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours in air. These types of twin have not been reported in monoclinic $ZrO_2$. The twins seem to be originated from the two dimensional tensile stresses applied to the $ZrO_2$ thin film due to the different thermal expansions of $ZrO_2$ thin film and Si substrate.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 1998

By comparison of the experimental results in two systems of ZnO varistors, it's appear that Sb2O3 is the indispensable element for twining in ZnO varistors and the Zn7Sb2O12 spinel acts as the nucleus to form twins. Al2O3 is not the origin of twining in ZnO varistor, but it was found that Al2O3 could strengthen the twining and form a deformation twining by ZnAl2O4 dragging and pinning effect. The inhibition ratios of grain and nonuniformity of two systems ZnO varistors increase with the increase of Al2O3 content. The twins affect the inhibition of grain growth, the mechanism could be explained follow as: twins increase the mobility viscosity of ZrO grain and grain boundary, and drag ZrO grain and liquid grain boundary during the sintering, then the grain growth is inhibited and the microstructure becomes more uniform.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2024

Digital twins are gaining attention and traction across various industries and societies owing to their potential for technological advancement, utilization, and service innovation. Digital twins involve creating a software system that mirrors a real-world entity, enabling them to interact and cooperate, therfore resembling interaction between a real-world entity and a digital twin. By recognizing the importance of this technology, international standardization efforts for digital twins are actively underway toward enhancing its application across various industrial sectors. We aims to provide an overview of the current status and future prospects of digital twin standardization, focusing on the ISO/TC 184/SC 4 and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 41 efforts.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the natural history and perinatal outcomes of twin gestations according to chorionicity. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 99 monochorionic (MC) and 206 dichorionic (DC) twin gestations delivered at Il Sin Christian Hospital in Busan between January 2002 and December 2007. The incidences of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTS) and selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality, were evaluated. Results : MC twins had a lower gestational age (35.7 vs. 36.6 weeks, P=0.03) at birth and a higher incidence of intrauterine fetal loss (10% vs. 1.5%, P<0.001) than DC twins. The incidence of intrauterine fetal loss was higher in MC sIUGR than in DC sIUGR (19% vs. 2.5%, P=0.025) twins. The number of admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; 31% vs. 16%, P=0.042), and the incidence of periventricular leukomalacia (7% vs. 0%, P=0.031), and respiratory distress syndrome with surfactant treatment (27% vs. 11%, P=0.049) were higher in MC than DC twins. The incidences of sIUGR and TTS were 21 and 9% among the MC twins. The incidences of intrauterine fetal loss were higher in MC twins with TTS [6 of 9 (67%)] or sIUGR [4 of 21 (19%)] than uncomplicated MC twins (P<0.001). The frequency of admission to the NICU (P=0.001), the length of hospital stay (P=0.033), the prevalence of periventricular leukomalacia (P=0.011), and intraventricular hemorrhage (P=0.007) were also higher in MC with TTS or sIUGR than in uncomplicated MC twins. Conclusion : The incidence of neonatal complications was higher in MC twins, especially those gestations complicated by TTS or sIUGR.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.243.2-243.2
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• 2011

ZnO materials with a wide band gap of approximately 3.3 eV has been used in transparent conducting oxides (TCO) due to exhibitinga high optical transmission, but its low conductivity acts as role of a limitation for conducting applications. Recently, Ga or Al-doped ZnO (GZO, AZO) becomes transparent conducting materials because of high optical transmission and excellent conductivity. However, the fundamental mechanism underlying the improvement of electrical conductivity of the GZO is still the subject of debate. In this study, we have fully investigated the reasons of high conductivity through the characterization of plane defects, crystal orientation, doping contents, crystal structure in Zn1-xGaxO (x=0, 3, 5.1, 5.6, 6.6 wt%). We manufactured Zn1-xGaxO by sintering ZnO and Ga2O3 powers, having a theoretical density of 99.9% and homogeneous Ga-dopant distribution in ZnO grains. The GZO containing 5.6 wt% Ga represents the highest electrical conductivity of $7.5{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}m$. In particular, many twins and superlattices were induced by doping Ga in ZnO, revealed by X-ray diffraction measurements and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) observations. Twins developed in conventional ZnO crystal are generally formed at (110) and (112) planes, but we have observed the twins at (113) plane only, which is the first report in ZnO material. Interestingly, the superlattice structure was not observed at the grains in which twins are developed and the opposite case was true. This structural change in the GZO resulted in the difference of electrical conductivity. Enhancement of the conductivity was closely related to the extent of Ga ordering in the GZO lattice. Maximum conductivity was obtained at the GZO with a superlattice structure formed ideal ordering of Ga atoms.