• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.187-194
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• 2007

선박 해철 폐기물을 적절히 통제하고 관리하기 위하여, 선박 해철 폐기물의 처리 및 관리에 관한 실태 및 동향을 알아보고, 해양오염 방지법을 보완하거나 개정할 사항을 검토하였다. 세계의 선박 해체량은 연간 약 2,200만 DWT으로서 대부분이 방글라데시, 중국, 인도, 파키스탄 등 4개국에서 이루어지고 있으며, 최근에는 터키, 필리핀, 인도네시아, 베트남 등이 선박해체시장에 참여하고 있다. 선박해체산업은 주로 선진국보다는 개도국 또는 후진국에서 더 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 국내의 폐기물의 수집 운반, 중간처리, 최종처리 업체들은 규모가 작아서 인명뿐만 아니라 시설도 선박을 해철하기에는 부적절하거나 열악한 부분이 많고, 환경을 고려하지 않고 폐기물 처리작업이 이루어질 가능성이 높았다. 전남과 제주 지역의 해철 선박은 1000톤 이하의 선박이 대부분을 차지했다. 따라서 선내 잔류유성혼합물을 가진 노후선 (유조선 등)을 해철 할 때에 그 해철 선박을 후진국이나 미개발국으로 이동하는 것을 금지하거나 제한하는 규정이 해양오염방지법에 포함될 필요가 있고, 선박 해철업체 및 해철 폐기물 수집 운반업체, 중간처리업체 및 최종처리업체의 인력 및 시설에 관한 기준을 해양오염방지법에 규정할 필요가 있다. 또 한 선박 해철 폐기물에 대한 생산자책임 재활용 제도나 개념을 해양오염방지법에 도입하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.279-291
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare old standard EN 954-1 and new standard EN ISO 13849-1 through case study and provide necessity of adaptation of EN ISO 13849-1 in Korea. Background: International and EU harmonized standard EN ISO 13849 "safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control system" is classified into Part 1: General principles for design and Part 2: Validation. EN ISO 13849-1 standard was introduced in Official Journal of the European Union on September 8, 2009 as harmonized standard, and old standard EN 954-1 was withdrawn on December 31, 2011. So, EU decided to use of EN ISO 13849-1 standard forcibly from January 1, 2012 for safety of machinery. New machines need to be CE marked if they are to be placed on the market in the European Economic Area(EEA), Switzerland or Turkey, and Korean machine builder should apply EN ISO 3849-1 standard for safety of machinery accordingly. However, current Korean Safety Certification system(KCs mark) for dangerous machinery is not referred to EN ISO 13849-1 standard as safety standard. There is a need of research for adaptation of EN ISO 13849-1 standard in Korea as safety standards for new design of safety-related control system which use mostly electronic components. Method: Five case studies of representative designs for safety-related control system in accordance with EN 954-1were selected according to safety category from B to 4. And these five representative designs were tried to change new design in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1 standard. The results of comparison were analyzed in aspect of economy and technical complexity. Results: The results showed that EN ISO 13849-1 provided quantitative method of application and it enabled designers to create safety-related control systems that require fewer components and less wiring, with many of the components being to a lower specification and, therefore, less costly. Conclusion: EN ISO 13849-1 standard is good for electronic safety-related control systems compare to EN 954-1. By considering the importance of application of EN ISO 13849-1 and benefits, the application of EN ISO 13849-1 as safety standard for safety of machinery is urgent in Korea. Application: The results of comparing EN 954-1 and EN ISO 13849-1 standard might help to determine the adaptation of EN ISO 13849-1 standard for safety of industrial machinery in Korea.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2016

목적: 중합방식과 화학적 조성이 다른 본딩제들이 자가중합형 비스아크릴 임시수복 재료의 결합에 미치는 영향을 알아 보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 원반 형태의 비스아크릴 임시수복 재료 시편 40개를 준비한 후 본딩제의 중합특성에 따라 대조군을 포함 4개의 군으로 나누었다. 본딩제 도포 후 직경 4 mm의 원형 구멍을 가진 4 mm 두께의 테플론 몰드를 이용하여 동일한 비스아크릴 임시수복 재료을 첨상하였다. 전단결합강도시험을 시행하였으며 파절면을 현미경으로 관찰하였다. 일원배치 분산분석과 Tukey 사후분석을 사용하여 유의수준 0.05로 검증하였다. 결과: 화학중합형 본딩제를 사용한 군에서 통계적으로 유의한 가장 높은 전단결합강도를 보였으며($27.36{\pm}4.30 MPa$, P < 0.05) 모든 시편에서 비스아크릴 임시수복 재료 내에서 파절이 일어나는 응집성 파절 양상을 보였다(100%). 실험군중 가장 낮은 값은 광중합형 본딩제를 사용한 군에서 기록되었으며($13.29{\pm}2.56 MPa$) 이는 대조군과 거의 유사한 값을 보였다. 동일한 광중합 방식 이지만 화학중합 레진과의 호환성을 높인 본딩제를 사용한 군에서는 광중합형 본딩제를 사용한 군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 값을 보였다(P = 0.043). 결론: 본딩제의 종류가 수리된 비스아크릴 임시수복 재료의 전단결합 강도에 영향을 주며, 비스아크릴 임시수복 재료의 수리 시 적절한 본딩제 선택이 중요하다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2008

In order to discern the development of technology in creating, properly managing, and characterizing the types used in facade greening, this article examines the instances of facade greening of Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey which is not only located in the latitude similar to South Korea's but also influenced by the both continental and oceanic climate. The study was carried out for 11 months from October 2002 to September 2003. The total 242 places were researched and they were 83 sites in Athens, 77 sites in Istanbul, and 82 sites in Sofia. Varieties, usage, configuration, foundation and characteristics of plants were studied. The goals of greening, and building's surface roughness and thickness, direction of the wall were also researched. The result of survey are as follows; 17 families and 33 species of climbing plants were found in Athens, Istanbul, and Sofia. Thickness of facade greening in the three cities is 46cm in Athens, 39cm in Istanbul, and 53cm in Sofia. The possible facade greening size per a climbing plant, Parthenocissus tricupidata takes up the largest portion of the wall in the three cities similarly followed by Vitis vinifera and Wistaria spp. By its diversity it can be assumed that these plants are most practical for large scale of facade greening and full covering. Evergreen climbing plants such as Hedera helix and Ficus niponica are useful plants for relatively large scale of facade greening area. In the facade greening types, the climbing type is the most dominant in the three cities and most of the climbing type was planted on the natural foundation but the hanging and combination types were planted on an artificial foundation located on the balcony or on the roof of the building. In the directions of the walls for facade greening, the west direction are most popular which is for the improvement of sun shading in summer season. In Sofia the apartments were most applied with facade greening but In Istanbul and Athens the residential buildings and the public buildings were adapted with facade greening actively as well as residential building. The purpose of lowering summer heat took up the highest portion followed by the purpose of ornamentation and maintaining privacy in all surveyed cities.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-72
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of assertiveness training and value clarification training on nurse's conflict and conflict management mode. Fifty seven registered nurses participated in the study ; they were employed by three general hospital located in Daegu, Korea. The study employs two treatment groups. The assertiveness training group consisted of subjects who participated in 90-120 minutes sessions of assertiveness training nine times over five weeks. The other treatment group, was adiministed nine, 90-120 minutes sessions of value clarification during the same period. For the control group, nursing subjects were appointed the training after five weeks. Pre-test evaluation were administered to all subjects in three groups prior to one week of the treatment. Role conflict Inventory-general(RCI-G) and Communication Conflict Inventory-general (CCI-G) measure nurse's conflict management mode. Post-test evaluation were administered to all subjects in three groups two weeks after the last session by Role Conflict Inventory-Specific(RCI-S), Communication Conflict Inventory-Specific (CCI-S), Management Model-Specific(CMMI-S). The analysis of variance(ANOVA) and covariance(ANCOVA) on gain scores were running the SPSS program. In order to test statistical differences among mean scores of the scales obtained after treatment, multiple comparisons were carried out by Turkey method. Conclusions obtained from the results are as follows. 1. The assertiveness training and the value clarification training were effective in decreasing the nurse's role conflict. The value clarification was more effective than the assertiveness training in decreasing the nurse's role conflict. 2. Both assertiveness training and value clarification training were effective in decreasing nurse's communication conflict. There was, however, no differences between assertiveness training and value clarification training in decreasing the nurse's communication conflict. 3. The assertiveness training and the value clarification training were quite effective in compromizing and collaborating conflict management mode, to reducing the withdrawl and accomodate, force and accomodate conflict management mode to conflict. There was no difference in the effectiveness of assertiveness training and value clarification. In assessing the effects of the treatments, this study employed different measurements. It is unclear whether the measurement affected the test results. It is worth conducting a further test using the same measurements. The results of future studies can be compared with those of this study. The homogeneity of the control group and treatment group is questionable. Futher studies may employ homogeneous sample group to evaluate whether the sample characteristics bias the test results. Assertiveness training or value clarification training for nurses can be utilized in nursing intervention.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2009

이 연구에서는 Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)와 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) / methyl methacrylate (MMA) & tri-n-butylborane (TBB) 레진을 혼합하여 치근단 역충전 재료로 사용하였을 때의 미세누출을 MTA, 포틀랜드 시멘트와 비교하였다. 발치된 사람 치아의 근관형성 및 충전 후 치근단 절제와 역충전 와동을 형성하였다. MTA, Portland cement, MTA와 4-META/MMA & TBB레진을 혼합한 각각의 재료로 치근단을 역충전한 후 methylene blue dye에 72시간 동안 침적하여 염료가 침투한 길이를 10배 현미경 하에서 측정하였다. MTA와 4-META/MMA & TBB 레진 혼합 충전 군에서는 포틀랜드 시멘트나 MTA 충전군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 적은 미세 누출을 보였으며, 포틀랜드 시멘트와 MTA 충전군의 미세 누출 정도는 통계적으로 차이가 없었다. 이 실험의 결과로 보아 MTA와 4-META/MMA & TBB레진 혼합 재료는 치근단 역충전시 포틀랜드 시멘트나 MTA에 비해 낮은 초기 미세누출을 보여, 치근단 봉쇄 효과가 우수한 것으로 사료된다.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.103-137
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• 2018

Harold Pinter's One for the Road(1984) is a play about violence. Nicholas, who appears to be the manager of a place, interrogates Victor, Nicky, and Victor's wife Gila in a room for one day from morning to night. There is no direct physical violence in this play. But hints about the atrocities that took place outside the stage make the audience guess the violence and cruelty. Violence, which is not seen as such, is the central theme of the play. One for the road is worth reading as a resistance to breaking the mirror of global ideology, not as it deals with violent events confined to Turkey. The problem which Pinter had in mind, in particular, is that the United States plays a leading role in producing world-class ideologies, and that Britain is involved in collusion with the United States in cultivating such ideological fantasies, both abroad and at home. This thesis analyzes the contrasting reactions of each character in the play based on this social context. In particular, the conflicting reactions of the characters on the system are the most important conflict in the drama. Nicolas is a manager who moves on the system without seeing the truth. Victor and his family, on the other hand, do not move within the same ideology as Nicholas. This paper will take a look at what their strategies of resistance is and how they are revealed in the work. In fact, Nicholas appears split. Nicholas seemingly reacted decisively to the interpellation of the system. He expresses his belief and respect for the legitimacy of his actions. However, he has repeatedly sought the respect and love of Victor. Nicholas is now swaying. The theme that Nicholas presents consciously by grabbing at his own sway is 'Patriotism.' But this fantasy splits through Victor's silence and death demands. Therefore, the questions to be answered are: So why does Nicolas appear to be torn apart in a system that directs violence? But why is he forced to assimilate into the system? What other figures imply? To answer these questions, this thesis will take Slavoj Zizek's view of ideology. On the other hand, there are previous studies that read the system of violence in One for the road from the Althusser's perspective. Surely, this play explores the role of Ideological State Apparatus. However, from the point of view of Althusser, it is not possible to read Nicholas's division and the point of resistance seen by Victor's family. Pinter does not limit the scope of the ideological system as a closed one that regenerates ideologies, but secures the domain of main body resistance and struggle. On the other hand, there are already several domestic theses that read Pinter's work in Zizek's perspective. But these theses are mainly focused on analysis of Mountain Language. What this thesis would suggest is that there is a potential for an ethical figure of Zizek to be considered in One for the Road.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2021

아시아계통의 매미나방(Lymantria dispar asiatica) (나비목: 태극나방과)은 국내 토착해충으로서 지역에 따라 돌발적으로 대발생한 사례가 있으며, 다양한 수목 및 농작물에 피해를 끼치는 광식성 해충이다. 특히 2019년 이후로 경기도, 충청도, 경북 북부지역에서 대발생하여 산림 및 인근지역 도심에 발생하여 산림 및 도시민들의 정서적 피해를 끼치기도 했다. 본 연구에서는 2020-2021년 경북 예천지역에서 알집을 채집하여 사육한 결과, 매미나방 핵다각체병바이러스(LdMNPV) 감염에 의해 79.65% (321/403마리)는 사육중 사망하였다. 염기서열 분석은 2021년 국내 12 지역에서 매미나방 유충을 36마리를 조사한 결과, LdMNPV의 late expression factor-8 (lef-8), polyhedrin (polh) 유전자의 종내변이율이 0.80%, 0.86%로 확인됐다. NCBI database 자료와 비교 분석한 결과 일본의 LdMNPV와 가장 유사했으며, 터키의 LdMNPV와 가장 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 본 조사를 통하여 LdMNPV는 높은 감염율을 나타냈고 매미나방 중요한 개체군 조절인자중 한가지로 작용할 것으로 판단된다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.221-234
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• 2019

Today, many important concrete face rockfill dams (CFRDs) have been built on the world, and some of these important structures are located on the strong seismic regions. In this reason, examination and monitoring of these water construction's seismic behaviour is very important for the safety and future of these dams. In this study, the nonlinear seismic behaviour of Ilısu CFR dam which was built in Turkey in 2017, is investigated for various reservoir water heights taking into account 1995 Kobe near-fault and far-fault ground motions. Three dimensional (3D) finite difference model of the dam is created using the FLAC3D software that is based on the finite difference method. The most suitable mesh range for the 3D model is chosen to achieve the realistic numerical results. Mohr-Coulomb nonlinear material model is used for the rockfill materials and foundation in the seismic analyses. Moreover, Drucker-Prager nonlinear material model is considered for the concrete slab to represent the nonlinearity of the concrete. The dam body, foundation and concrete slab constantly interact during the lifetime of the CFRDs. Therefore, the special interface elements are defined between the dam body-concrete slab and dam body-foundation due to represent the interaction condition in the 3D model. Free field boundary condition that was used rarely for the nonlinear seismic analyses, is considered for the lateral boundaries of the model. In addition, quiet artificial boundary condition that is special boundary condition for the rigid foundation in the earthquake analyses, is used for the bottom of the foundation. The hysteric damping coefficients are separately calculated for all of the materials. These special damping values is defined to the FLAC3D software using the special fish functions to capture the effects of the variation of the modulus and damping ratio with the dynamic shear-strain magnitude. Total 4 different reservoir water heights are taken into account in the seismic analyses. These water heights are empty reservoir, 50 m, 100 m and 130 m (full reservoir), respectively. In the nonlinear seismic analyses, near-fault and far-fault ground motions of 1995 Kobe earthquake are used. According to the numerical analyses, horizontal displacements, vertical displacements and principal stresses for 4 various reservoir water heights are evaluated in detail. Moreover, these results are compared for the near-fault and far-faults earthquakes. The nonlinear seismic analysis results indicate that as the reservoir height increases, the nonlinear seismic behaviour of the dam clearly changes. Each water height has different seismic effects on the earthquake behaviour of Ilısu CFR dam. In addition, it is obviously seen that near-fault earthquakes and far field earthquakes create different nonlinear seismic damages on the nonlinear earthquake behaviour of the dam.

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 자기격려와 사회적 지지가 보육교사의 심리적 소진에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하는데 있고, 연구대상은 제주특별자치도에 위치한 어린이집 교사 329명이었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 측정도구는 자기격려 척도, 사회적 지지 척도, 심리적 소진 척도이며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS win 18.0을 활용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에 의해 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보육교사의 개인변인에 따른 자기격려, 사회적 지지, 심리적 소진의 차이를 살펴보면, 자기격려는 연령대에서, 사회적 지지는 연령대와 경력에서, 심리적 소진은 연령대 및 결혼유무에서 차이를 나타냈다. 둘째, 보육교사의 자기격려와 사회적 지지는 심리적 소진과 부적 상관을 나타내어, 자기격려와 사회적 지지가 높을수록 심리적 소진이 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 자기격려와 사회적 지지는 보육교사의 심리적 소진에 부적 영향을 미쳤다. 자기격려의 하위 요인 중에서는 인지적 자기격려와 정서적 자기격려가 심리적 소진에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회적 지지의 하위 요인에서는 정서적 지지가 보육교사의 심리적 소진에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 자기격려는 사회적 지지보다 보육교사의 심리적 소진을 감소시키는 주요한 요인임을 확인하였다. 이는 보육교사의 개인변인을 고려한 자기격려 및 사회적 지지 증진 전략과 심리적 소진 감소 방안과 보육교사의 심리적 소진의 효과적인 완화와 예방을 위한 자기교수전략이 필요함을 시사한다. 따라서 상담적 접근을 통해 보육교사들의 심리적 안녕감 증대와 심리적 부적응 등으로 인해 나타나는 복합적인 문제들에 대한 예방과 치료가 필요하다.