• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권2_3_4호
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• pp.177-192
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• 2002

Computation solutions for the flow around a cube, which were generated as part of the Computational Wind Engineering 2000 Conference Competition, are compared with full-scale measurements. The three solutions shown all use the RANS approach to predict mean flow fields. The major differences appear to be related to the use of the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$, the MMK $k-{\varepsilon}$ and the RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence models. The inlet conditions chosen by the three modellers illustrate one of the dilemmas faced in computational wind engineering. While all modeller matched the inlet velocity profile to the full-scale profile, only one of the modellers chose to match the full-scale turbulence data. This approach led to a boundary layer that was not in equilibrium. The approach taken by the other modeller was to specify lower inlet turbulent kinetic energy level, which are more consistent with the turbulence models chosen and lead to a homogeneous boundary layer. For the $0^{\circ}$ case, wind normal to one face of the cube, it is shown that the RNG solution is closest to the full-scale data. This result appears to be associated with the RNG solution showing the correct flow separation and reattachment on the roof. The other solutions show either excessive separation (MMK) or no separation at all (K-E). For the $45^{\circ}$ case the three solutions are fairly similar. None of them correctly predicting the high suctions along the windward edges of the roof. In general the velocity components are more accurately predicted than the pressures. However in all cases the turbulence levels are poorly matched, with all of the solutions failing to match the high turbulence levels measured around the edges of separated flows. Although all of the computational solutions have deficiencies, the variability of results is shown to be similar to that which has been obtained with a similar comparative wind tunnel study. This suggests that the computational solutions are only slightly less reliable than the wind tunnel.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.394-401
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• 2002

The instantaneous flow characteristics of a round jet issuing normally into a crossflow has been studied using a flow visualization technique and particle image velocimetry. The effects of parameters such as jet inflow profile and turbulence intensity of the jet are evaluated for various Reynolds numbers in range between 735 and 3150, which are based on the crossflow velocity and jet-pipe diameter. The jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio is fixed at the value of 3.3. Instantaneous later tomographic images of the symmetry plane of the crossflow jet show that there exist very different natures in the flow structures of the near-field of the jet even though the velocity ratio is same. It is found that when the turbulence intensity of jet is elevated, the shear layer becomes much thicker due to the strong entrainment of the ambient fluid by turbulent interaction between the jet and crossflow. The detailed characteristics of instantaneous velocity and vorticity fields are presented to illustrate the effects of the above parameters on the vertical structures of the crossflow jet.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.920-926
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• 2012

Wrinkling is a common phenomenon in nature and the shape of a wrinkle can be defined using characteristic dimensions such as pitch, length, amplitude, and density etc. Wrinkle structure can be utilized in various research fields, and especially it has special characteristics when it used in applications of heat transfer; a wrinkly surface has the effect to promote turbulent flow and increasing surface area. However, the generation of wrinkle structures in somewhat regular is not easy. Till now, there are some research works focused on realization of wrinkles in micro scale. However, most of the processes generally requires high precision equipments and high costs, and also there is a limitation to generate the wrinkles in a large area. In this study, we propose a novel method named as a RCO (repetitive contact-and-open) process to fabricate wrinkle structure with low cost and relative easy way. Using the RCO, we fabricated micro-corrugate structures successfully. From the experimental results, we found out the process parameters of RCO, and showed the possibility of RCO to be used in real applications.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.411-427
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• 1996

A Lagrangian dispersion model has been developed to study the transport of atmospheric pollutants over the southern Korean peninsula on sunny summer days. A mesoscale atmospheric model has been employed to provide the wind fields and information for turbulent diffusion for the calculation of trajectories using a conditioned particle technique. The model has been applied to the simulation of the transport of atmospheric pollutants emitted from five sources in the coastal locations under various synoptic scale winds. Under calm synoptic scale condition, the particles emitted during daytime are mixed vertically and transported toward inland by sea-breeze, according to the model simulation. The particles are then transported upward at she sea-breeze front or by the upward motion over the mountain, and some particles show tendency of returning toward the coast by the return flow of the sea-breeze circulation. The particles are found to remain over the peninsula throughout the integration period under calm synoptic scale condition. When there is westerly synoptic scale winds the particles emitted in the west coast can reach the east coast within a day of faster depending on the speed. With a synoptic scale southerly wind of 5 m/s, most of the particles from the fine sources are advected toward inland during daytime. During nighttime, significant portion of particles released in the west coast remains over the land, while most particles released in the east coast move toward the sea to the east of the middle peninsula.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

초임계조건의 기체수소/액체산소 화염의 난류유동 및 온도장에 대해 난류모델을 이용한 해석이 수행되었다. 실제유체의 연소유동을 해석하기 위하여 화염편모델에 SRK 상태방정식이 도입되었다. 수정된 압력-속도-밀도 연계알고리듬이 초임계유동에 적용되었다. 수정된 알고리듬을 토대로 6개의 대류항 차분법과 4개의 난류모델의 상대적인 성능비교가 이루어졌다. 선택된 난류모델들은 실제유체 연소유동의 다양한 특징을 고려하기 위해서 수정이 필요함을 나타내었다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 1999

자동차, 항공기 혹은 로켓엔진 유동장의 불안정 파동은 음향모드와 와류모드 및 엔트로피 모드에 의해 복합적으로 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 이들 모드를 모두 포함하는 불안정 해석이론을 바탕으로 고체추진 로켓엔진 연소실의 내부유동을 대상으로 불안정 파동 증폭요인에 의한 영향을 고찰하였다. 연구결과 불안정 에너지 증폭계수의 증가에 따라 에너지 증폭율 관련변수들이 증가하며 에너지 증폭율 관련변수들은 층류보다 난류에서 더 크게 나타났다. 또한 고온의 측면-연소 로켓의 불안정 파동은 엔트로피 모드에 의해 지배되며 와류모드에 다소간 영향을 받고 음향모드에는 거의 영향을 받지 않았다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.244-252
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• 2021

Wind plays an important role in cases of unexpected radioactive pollutant dispersion, deciding distribution and concentration of the leaked substance. The accurate prediction of wind has been challenging in numerical weather prediction models, especially near the surface because of the complex interaction between turbulent flow and topographic effect. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of atmospheric dispersion of radioactive material (i.e. ¹³⁷Cs) according to the simulated boundary layer around the HANARO research nuclear reactor in Korea using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Mesoscale Model Interface (MMIF)-California Puff (CALPUFF) model system. We examined the impacts of orographic drag on wind field, stability calculation methods, and planetary boundary layer parameterizations on the dispersion of radioactive material under a radioactive leaking scenario. We found that inclusion of the orographic drag effect in the WRF model improved the wind prediction most significantly over the complex terrain area, leading the model system to estimate the radioactive concentration near the reactor more conservatively. We also emphasized the importance of the stability calculation method and employing the skillful boundary layer parameterization to ensure more accurate low atmospheric conditions, in order to simulate more feasible spatial distribution of the radioactive dispersion in leaking scenarios.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2002

KRISO 3600 TEU 컨테이너 모형선의 반류 유동을 PIV 기법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 본 실험은 시험부의 크기가 $1.0^W{\times}1.0^H{\times}4.5^L(m)$인 회류수조에서 수행되었는데, 선박 반류의 종단면과 횡단면에서 속도장을 측정함으로써 반류의 유동특성을 해석하였다. 실험시 횡단면 측정은 반류영역인 Station -0.5767, -1, -3의 3단면에서 수행하였고, 종단면의 경우 배의 중심 평면에서 우현방향으로 Z/(B/2)=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6의 5단면에서 속도장을 측정하였다. 자유흐름속도는 $U_O=0.6m/s$로 고정하였는데, 수선간 길이 $L_{PP}=1.5m$에 기초한 레이놀즈수는 약 $Re=9{\times}10^5$이다. 각각의 측정 단면에서 순간속도장 400장을 구하고, 이들을 앙상블(ensemble) 평균하여 평균속도장, 난류운동 에너지 및 와도의 공간분포를 구하였다. 반류영역에는 서로 반대방향으로 회전하는 한 쌍의 longitudinal 보오텍스가 존재하며 수선 근처에 반대방향으로 회전하는 2차 와류가 발생하였다. 하류로 나아감에 따라 longitudinal 보오텍스와 2차 와류는 난류확산과 점성소산에 의하여 강도가 약화되지만 반류영역은 점차 확장된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2009

A new surface shape of an internal cooling passage which largely reduces the pressure drop and enhances the surface heat transfer is proposed in the present study. The surface shape of the cooling passage is consisted of the concave dimple and the riblet inside the dimple which is protruded along the stream-wise direction. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) for the fully developed turbulent flow and thermal fields in the cooling passage is conducted. The numerical simulations for five different surface shapes are conducted at the Reynolds number of 2800 based on the mean bulk velocity and channel height and Prandtl number of 0.71. The driving pressure gradient is adjusted to keep a constant mass flow rate in the x direction. The thermoaerodynamic performance for five different cases used in the present study was assessed in terms of the drag, Nusselt number, Fanning friction factor, volume and area goodness factor in the cooling passage. The value of maximum ratio of drag reduction is -22.86 %, and the value of maximum ratio of Nusselt number augmentation is 7.05% when the riblet angle is $60^{\circ}$. The remarkable point is that the ratio of Nusselt number augmentation has the positive value for the surface shapes which have over $45^{\circ}$ of the riblet angle. The maximum volume and area goodness factors are obtained when the riblet angle is $60^{\circ}$.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 새로운 $\varepsilon$-SST 난류 모델을 이용하여 벽면 근처에 위치한 정사각주 주위의 유동장에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. SST 난류 모델을 수정하여 새롭게 제안된 $\varepsilon$-SST 모델은 뭉툭한 물체 주위의 박리 영역에서 기존의 2-방정식 난류 모델보다 향상된 해석 결과를 보임을 확인하였다. $\varepsilon$-SST 모델을 이용하여 박리가 수반되는 유동영역에 대한 효율적인 해석이 가능할 것이다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 임계 간극 이하에서는 주기적인 와류배출이 억제됨을 입증하였으며, 스트로할수는 간극의 높이와 벽면 경계층의 두께의 영향을 받는 다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.