• 제목/요약/키워드: Tumorigenic

검색결과 126건 처리시간 0.031초

Tumorigenic Effects of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals are Alleviated by Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Root Extract through Suppression of AhR Expression in Mammalian Cells

  • Chu, Xiao Ting;de la Cruz, Joseph;Hwang, Seong Gu;Hong, Heeok
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권12호
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    • pp.4809-4813
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    • 2014
  • Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been reported to interfere with estrogen signaling. Exposure to these chemicals decreases the immune response and causes a wide range of diseases in animals and humans. Recently, many studies showed that licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract (LRE) commonly called "gamcho" in Korea exhibits antioxidative, chemoprotective, and detoxifying properties. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of LRE and to determine if and how LRE can alleviate the toxicity of EDCs. LRE was prepared by vacuum evaporation and freeze-drying after homogenization of licorice root powder that was soaked in 80% ethanol for 72 h. We used 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a representative EDC, which is known to induce tumors or cancers; MCF-7 breast cancer cells, used as a tumor model, were treated with TCDD and various concentrations of LRE (0, 50, 100, 200, $400{\mu}g/mL$) for 24, 48, and 72 h. As a result, TCDD stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation, but LRE significantly inhibited TCDD-induced MCF-7 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The expression of TCDD toxicity-related genes, i.e., aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), AhR nuclear translocator, and cytochrome P450 1A1, was also down-regulated by LRE in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of cell cycle distribution after treatment of MCF-7 cells with TCDD showed that LRE inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells via G2/M phase arrest. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis also revealed that LRE dose-dependently increased the expression of the tumor suppressor genes p53 and p27 and down-regulated the expression of cell cycle-related genes. These data suggest that LRE can mitigate the tumorigenic effects of TCDD in breast cancer cells by suppression of AhR expression and cell cycle arrest. Thus, LRE can be used as a potential toxicity-alleviating agent against EDC-mediated diseases.

인체 암의 DNA 메틸화 변화 (DNA Methylation changes in Human Cancers)

  • 권형주;강경훈
    • Journal of Genetic Medicine
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2009
  • 프로모터 CpG island 과메틸화와 히스톤 변경으로 대변되는 후성유전적 변화는 거의 모든 종류의 암에서 발견되는 중요한 발암기전이다. 인간유전자의 60-70% 가량이 프로모터에 CpG islands를 가지고 있으며, 이 유전자들 중 일부가 과메틸화됨으로써 해당유전자의 발현이 차단되고, 종양억제기능이 소실되어 종양세포의 성장을 촉진하게 된다. 암에는 프로모터 CpG island 과메틸화라는 국소적 변화 이외에, 유전체 전반에 걸친 탈메틸화를 동시에 보이는 경우가 대부분인데, 이러한 유전체 저메틸화는 염색체 불안정성과 밀접한 연관관계가 있다. 국소적 과메틸화와 전반적인 저메틸화라는 이러한 상반된 DNA 메틸화 변화는 암세포뿐만 아니라 그 전단계 병변인 이 형성 병변에서도 관찰된다. 프로모터CpG island 과메틸화는 유전자 발현억제 기전으로서의 중요성뿐만 아니라 종양표지자로서의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 즉, 정상세포에서는 관찰되지 않으면서 암세포에서만 관찰되는 프로모터 CpG island 과메틸화는 암세포의 바이오마커로서의 가치가 있으며, 이를 이용하여 체액에서 암을 진단하려는 시도들이 이루어지고, 이를 활용한 암의 분자진단방법이 개발되고 있다. 또한 이러한 DNA 메틸화는 암환자의 예후 판정이나 항암치료제의 감수성 결정 등에 활용되고 있다. 본 원고에서는 인체 암세포에서의 DNA 메틸화 변화에 관하여 소개하고자 한다.

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사람구강편명상피암세포주인 KB세포에서 십자화과채소 유래물질인 DIM-pPhBr과 DIM-pPhF의 세포사멸유도를 통한 항종양효능에 관한 연구 (Anti-tumorigenic Effect of DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF Originating from Cruciferous Vegetables in KB Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Apoptotic Cell Death)

  • 조현태;최은선;조남표;조성대
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.398-402
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    • 2011
  • 십자화과 채소는 Diindolylmethane (DIM)을 포함한 Isothiocyanates계 화합물을 함유하고 있는데, 이들이 암을 예방하는 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 이번 연구에 사용되어진 DIM-C-pPhBr과 DIM-C-pPhF를 기존에 알려진 DIM보다 독성은 최소화되고, 효능은 높은 물질로 보고되어져 있다 하지만, 아직까지 구강편평상피세포암종에서의 세포증식 및 세포사멸에 대한 효능연구는 보고된 바 가 없다. 따라서, 이번 연구에서는 C-DIM 중에 DIM-pPhBr과 DIM-pPhF의 구강편평상피세포암종 세포주인 KB세포에서의 세포증식 및 세포사멸유도효능을 확인함으로써 C-DIM 의 항종양능력을 확인하고자 하였다. 결과를 분석해보면, DIM-C-pPhBr과 DIM-C-pPhF은 구강편평상피세포암종 세포주인 KB의 세포증식을 감소시키고 Western blot분석법, DAPI염색법, 및 Sub-$G_1$축적분석결과에서 알수 있듯이 세포증식을 억제하기 위해 세포사멸을 유도하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, DIM-C-pPhBr과 DIM-C-pPhF에 의해 유도되는 세포사멸 및 세포증식억제는 구강암 예방 및 치료를 위한 좋은 전략이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

섬유소의 이용과 butyrate의 최근 연구 (Use of Cellulose and Recent Research into Butyrate)

  • 여태종;최인순;조광근
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제22권11호
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    • pp.1571-1586
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    • 2012
  • 지구상에는 약 5,400여 종의 포유동물이 있고 그 중 약 1,000여 종은 풀을 뜯어 먹고 사는 초식동물이다. 초식동물 중에서 약 250여 종이 반추동물로 알려져 있다. 반추동물인 소와 양은 반추위에서 주로 발효가 일어나지만 비반추동물인 돼지와 사람은 맹장과 결장, 직장에서 주로 발효가 일어난다. 반추위 미생물의 종류와 우점도 Bacteroidetes 51%, Firmicutes 43% 존재하며, 사람의 대장미생물의 우점도Firmicutes 65%, Bacteroidetes 25%로 존재한다. 풀의 세포벽 구성성분은 미생물에 의해 분해, 발효에 의해 SCFA (short chain fatty acid)를 생성하게 되고 acetate, propionate, butyrate 생성비율은 60:25:15이다. 장내 primary butyrate transporter인 MCT1(monocarboxylatetransports-1)에 의해서 흡수된 butyrate는 SCFA receptor GPR43과 GPR41을 활성화시킨다. Butyrate는 강력한 anti-tumorigenic 기능을 가지고 있다. Butyrate는 다양한 cancer cell에 효과를 나타내며 세포내의 기능 조절에 기여하고, 암세포사멸을 유도하는 특성이 있다. Butyrate는 caspase의 활성화, HDAC (histone deacetylase) 활성을 억제하여apoptosis를 유도하고, p53 발현증가로 cell cycle arrest와 apoptosis를 유도한다. SCFA의 항 염증작용으로는 장 상피세포에서 IL-8 발현 감소, NO합성과 NF-${\kappa}B$ (nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$)의 활성을 억제하여 염증으로 인한 암 발생을 억제한다. Butyrate는 장 점막의 생리적 기능을 유지하는데 중요한 역할을 하며 IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) 치료법으로 이용되고 있다.

비타민 C가 첨가된 유자 추출물의 항산화능과 암세포 증식억제 상승효과 (Synergistic Effect of Yuza(Citrus junos) Extracts and Ascorbic Acid on Antiproliferation of Human Cancer Cells and Antioxidant Activity)

  • 손미예;박석규
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제13권5호
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    • pp.649-654
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    • 2006
  • 유자의 생리활성 식품 소재로서 검토하기 위해 비타민 C가 첨가된 유자 추출물의 항산화 효과와 암세포 억제활성에 대한 상승효과를 측정하였다. 과육과 과피의 추출물 중에 총 페놀 함량은 각각 건물당 $97.87{\mu}g/mg$$121.17{\mu}g/mg$으로서 과피가 과육보다 약 1.24배 높았으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 건물당 $0.28{\mu}g/mg$$0.59{\mu}g/mg$로서 과피가 과육보다 2.11배 높았다. 전자공여능은 유자 과피의 추출물은 유자 과육의 추출물보다 약간 높았으며, 이들 추출물은 그 자체에 비하여 각각 추출물에 비타민 C를 첨가할 경우가 상승효과는 더 크게 나타났는데, 특히 저농도($30{\mu}g/mL$) 시료보다는 고농도($300{\mu}g/mL$)에서 전자공여능이 크게 증가하였다. 항산화능은 과피 추출물 $1,000{\mu}g$에 비타민 C $500{\mu}g$를 혼합한 경우의 비타민 C $500{\mu}g$ 단독만을 첨가한 경우보다 각각 20분 반응에서 2.6배, 40분 1.5배, 60분에는 1.2배가 높았다. 환원능은 유자 과피 추출물의 $30{\mu}g/mL$$50{\mu}g/mL$ 저 농도에서 고농도에서와 비슷하게 아주 높게 나타났다. 유자 과피 및 과육의 추출물로 처리한 간암 세포주에서 다른 암 세포주에 비하여 비교적 항암활성이 높게 나타났으며, $100{\mu}g/mL$에서는 각각 63.8%와 73%를 나타내었다. 유방암 세포주는 모든 시험농도에서 유자 과피의 추출물이 과육 추출물보다 항암활성이 모두 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 유자 추출물의 항산화 및 항암활성 은 함유되어 있는 페놀과 플라보노이드 성분에 의한 것으로 판단된다.

No-Touch Radiofrequency Ablation of VX2 Hepatic Tumors In Vivo in Rabbits: A Proof of Concept Study

  • Kim, Tae-Hyung;Choi, Hyoung In;Kim, Bo Ram;Kang, Ji Hee;Nam, Ju Gang;Park, Sae Jin;Lee, Seunghyun;Yoon, Jeong Hee;Lee, Dong Ho;Joo, Ijin;Lee, Jeong Min
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.1099-1109
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    • 2018
  • Objective: In a proof of concept study, we compared no-touch radiofrequency ablation (NtRFA) in bipolar mode with conventional direct tumor puncture (DTP) in terms of local tumor control (LTC), peritoneal seeding, and tumorigenic factors, in the rabbit VX2 subcapsular hepatic tumor model. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two rabbits with VX2 subcapsular hepatic tumors were divided into three groups according to the procedure: DTP-RFA (n = 25); NtRFA (n = 25); and control (n = 12). Each of the three groups was subdivided into two sets for pathologic analysis (n = 24) or computed tomography (CT) follow-up for 6 weeks after RFA (n = 38). Ultrasonography-guided DTP-RFA and NtRFA were performed nine days after tumor implantation. LTC was defined by either achievement of complete tumor necrosis on histopathology or absence of local tumor progression on follow-up CT and autopsy. Development of peritoneal seeding was also compared among the groups. Serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured via ELISA (Elabscience Biotechnology Co.) after RFA for tumorigenic factor evaluation. Results: Regarding LTC, there was a trend in NtRFA (80%, 20/25) toward better ablation than in DTP-RFA (56%, 14/25) (p = 0.069). Complete tumor necrosis was achieved in 54.5% of DTP-RFA (6/11) and 90.9% of NtRFA (10/11). Peritoneal seeding was significantly more common in DTP-RFA (71.4%, 10/14) than in NtRFA (21.4%, 3/14) (p = 0.021) or control (0%). Elevations of HGF, VEGF or IL-6 were not detected in any group. Conclusion: No-touch radiofrequency ablation led to lower rates of peritoneal seeding and showed a tendency toward better LTC than DTP-RFA.

AKT1 Inhibitory DNAzymes Inhibit Cell Proliferation and Migration of Thyroid Cancer Cells

  • Yang, Le;He, Jin-Ting;Guan, Hong;Sun, Ya-Dong
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.2571-2575
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    • 2013
  • AKT1 is a member of the serine/threoine AGC protein kinase family involved in thyroid cancer metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. It is overexpressed in thyroid tumors. In this study, we designed two AKT1 specific DNAzymes (DRz1 and DRz2) that target AKT1 mRNA. The results showed that DRz1 could decrease the expression of AKT1 by 58%. Furthermore, DRz1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and inhibited invasion in SW597 cells. In addition, down-regulation of survivin expression was associated with decreased caspase-3, VEGF and MMP2 in SW597 cells after 24 h. In our study, the efficacy of DRz1 in decreasing AKT1 protein levels were better than DRz2. AKT1-DRz1 might have anti-tumorigenic activity and may provide the basis for a novel therapeutic intervention in thyroid cancer treatment.

Pro-tumorigenic roles of TGF-β signaling during the early stages of liver tumorigenesis through upregulation of Snail

  • Moon, Hyuk;Han, Kwang-Hyub;Ro, Simon Weonsang
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제50권12호
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    • pp.599-600
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    • 2017
  • Many studies have focused on the tumor suppressive role of $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling during the early stages of tumorigenesis by activating the target genes involved in cytostasis and apoptosis. We investigated the effects of $TGF-{\beta}$ inhibition on early tumorigenesis in the liver, by employing diverse inhibitory methods. Strikingly, $TGF-{\beta}$ inhibition consistently suppressed hepatic tumorigenesis that was induced either by activated RAS plus p53 downregulation or by the co-activation of RAS and TAZ signaling; this demonstrates the requirements for canonical $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling in tumorigenesis. Moreover, we found that Snail is the target gene of the $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling pathway that promotes hepatic carcinogenesis. The knockdown of Snail suppressed the early tumorigenesis in the liver, as did the $TGF-{\beta}$ inhibition, while the ectopic expression of Snail restored tumorigenesis that was suppressed by the $TGF-{\beta}$ inhibition. Our findings establish the oncogenic $TGF-{\beta}$-Smad-Snail signaling axis during the early tumorigenesis in the liver.

Defective Anks1a disrupts the export of receptor tyrosine kinases from the endoplasmic reticulum

  • Park, Soochul
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제49권12호
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    • pp.651-652
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    • 2016
  • EphA2 has been implicated in amplifying ErbB2 tumorigenic signaling. One protein that interacts with EphA2 is the Anks1a PTB adaptor. However, the precise role of Anks1a in EphA2-mediated tumorigenesis is unclear. We demonstrated that Anks1a localizes to the ER upon phosphorylation and that the Ankyrin repeats and PTB of Anks1a bind to EphA2 and Sec23, respectively. Thus, Anks1a facilitates the selective packaging of EphA2 into COPII vesicles. Additionally, Anks1a knockout mice, a phenocopy of EphA2 knockout mice, exhibited markedly reduced ErbB2-induced breast tumorigenesis. Strikingly, ErbB2 did not localize to the cell surface following Anks1a knockdown in primary mammary tumor cells over-expressing ErbB2. Importantly, EphA2 was critical for stabilizing ErbB2 through complex formation, but its interaction with Anks1a also facilitated ErbB2 loading into COPII carriers. These findings suggest a novel role for Anks1a in the molecular pathogenesis of breast tumors and possibly other human diseases.

P42 Ebp1 functions as a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer

  • Ko, Hyo Rim;Nguyen, Truong L.X.;Kim, Chung Kwon;Park, Youngbin;Lee, Kyung-Hoon;Ahn, Jee-Yin
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.159-165
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    • 2015
  • Although the short isoform of ErbB3-binding protein 1 (Ebp1), p42 has been considered to be a potent tumor suppressor in a number of human cancers, whether p42 suppresses tumorigenesis of lung cancer cells has never been clarified. In the current study we investigated the tumor suppressor role of p42 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Our data suggest that the expression level of p42 is inversely correlated with the cancerous properties of NSCLC cells and that ectopic expression of p42 is sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion as well as tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, p42 suppresses Akt activation and overexpression of a constitutively active form of Akt restores the tumorigenic activity of A549 cells that is ablated by exogenous p42 expression. Thus, we propose that p42 Ebp1 functions as a potent tumor suppressor of NSCLC through interruption of Akt signaling.