• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.59-62
• /
• 2013

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) constitutes a group of malignancies those arises from cellular components of lymphoid or extranodal tissues. The head and neck is the most common area for the presentation of these lymphoproliferative disorders. Primary involvement of salivary glands is uncommon. This report described a case of a 73-year-old female patient who presented with involvement of both nodal and extranodal sites, with predominant involvement of salivary glands. The tumor staging worked up along with imaging, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings were discussed. Computed tomographic images showed the involvement of Waldeyer's ring, larynx, orbit, and spleen. This report described imaging and prognostic tumor markers in diagnosing, treatment planning, and prognosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.362-368
• /
• 1998

편평세포폐암 환자 혈청내 SCC항원(squamous cell carcinoma antigen)의 암표지자로서의 유용성을 검정하고 암종이 성장함으로써 정상조직으로 침범하는 기전을 규명하기 위하여 폐암수술후 절제해 낸 폐암조직의 중심부와 말초부 그리고 암세포가 없는 정상 폐조직을 채취하여 SCC항원 농도와 DNA합성을 통해 세포성장과 분화에 관련이 있는 것으로 알려진 EGFr(epidermal growth factor receptor)의 농도를 측정하였다. 편평세포폐암종 조직내 SCC항원의 농도는 69＋25 ng/ml로 정상 폐조직 34＋7 ng/ml, 폐선암 35＋25 ng/ml보다 높았으며(p<0.05), EGFr의 농도는 폐암조직, 즉 편평세포암 47＋6 pmol/min, 선암 69＋20 pmol/min으로 정상 폐조직 34＋5 pmol/min, 39＋8 pmol/min보다 각각 높게는 나타났으나 유의성은 없었다. 암종의 크기에 따른 부위별 SCC항원의 농도는 암종이 직경이 3cm이하인 경우는 암종의 중심부(100＋82 ng/ml)가 말초부(55＋24 ng/ml)보다 높게 나타났으나(p>0.05), 5cm이상인 경우는 암종의 말초부(324＋92 ng/ml)가 중심부(34＋18 ng/ml)보다 현저히 높았다.(p<0.05) 그러나 부위별 EGFr의 농도는 암종의 크기에 따라 차이가 없었다. 암병기에 따른 부위별 SCC항원의 농도는 암중심부에서는 1, 2병기에서 3, 4병기로 암병기가 높아짐에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었고(p>0.05), 암말초부에서는 1, 2병기 68＋37 ng/ml, 87＋35 ng/ml에서 3,4병기414＋87 ng/ml, 473＋226 ng/ml로 병기가 높아짐에 따라 현저하게 증가하였다.(p<0.05) 그러나 EGFr은 암중심부에서 1병기에서 2, 3, 4병기로 병기가 높아짐에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 통계적 유의성이 없었고(p<0.05), 암말초부에서는 병기에 따른 농도의 특이한 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. 이상의 결과로 편평세포폐암종 조직내 SCC항원의 농도는 정상 폐조직이나 폐선암조직에서 보다 높게 나타나 혈청내 SCC항원의 농도가 편평세포폐암의 진단 및 치료효과를 예측하는데 유용한 암표지자로 생각되나, 암종내 부위별 SCC항원의 농도와 EGFr의 농도가 일치하지 않음으로써 암종이 성장함으로써 주위조직으로의 침범과 SCC항원의 농도와의 관계에 대해서는 보다 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.447-454
• /
• 1998

목적 : 국소 제어율과 생존율, 여러 예후인자 및 국소실패의 원인을 분석하므로 식도암의 수술 후 방사선 치료에 기본 자료로 활용하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1988년 1월부터 1995년 12월까지 본원에서 수술을 시행 후 40Gy 이상의 방사선 치료를 받은 국소적으로 진행된 식도암 환자 82명을 대상으로 후향적 분석을 하였다. 수술 후 병기는 II가 26례, IIB가 4례, III가 52례 였으며 수술후 병리학 소견으로 편평상피암 77례, Adenosquamous 3례, 선암 2례였다. 수술 후 외부 방사선 치료로 41Gy에서 64.8Gy(중간값 50.4Gy)를 조사하였다. 5례에서 PFC 항암화학요법을 시행하였다. 결과 : 총 환자의 2년 생존율 및 2년 국소제어율은 각각 36.8$\%$ 및 30.4$\%$이며 5년 생존율 및 5년 국소제어율은 각각 9.3$\%$ 및 26.3$\%$이다. 수술 후 병기에 따른 2년 생존율은 IIA가 50.2$\%$, IIB가 0$\%$, III가 23.3$\%$이었다(p=0.004). 2년 국소제어율은 IIA가 49.2$\%$, IIB가 66.6$\%$, III가 24.7$\%$(p=0.01) 이었다. 추적기간중 전체환자의 73.2$\%$인 60례에서 재발이 관찰되었다. 이중 원발병소인 식도에서 재발이 3례, 주위임파절 재발이 23례, 원발병소와 임파절에 함께 재발된 경우가 4례, 원발 병소재발 및 원격전이 재발이 1례, 주위임파절과 원격전이 재발이 9례, 원격전이 재발이 17례였다. 3례에서 재발 부위를 알수 없었다. 생존율에 관련된 예후인자로 흡연유무(p=0.02), 1 병기(p=0.0092), N병기(p=0.0045)가 통계적으로 의미있었다. 국소제어율에 관련된 예후인자로 T 병기(p=0.019), N 병기(p=0.047)가 통계학적으로 의미있었다. 결론 : 수술 후 방사선치료를 시행하여도 국소실패가 여전히 중요 실패 원인이었다. 국소 실패의 원인 중 식도 주위 임파절에 의한 실패가 원발 병소 실패보다 휠씬 높았다. 따라서 수술후 방사선치료에서 림프절에 대한 적절하고 적극적인 치료 전략이 필요하겠다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Tongue cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity and the ultimate goal in treatment of the cancer is not only complete excision and meticulous closure of the wound, but also, reconstruction of a demensional and functional tongue. Our study focuses on various factors, such as defect size, extent of tumor, age, application of mandibulectomy or radiotherapy, and their influences on postoperative speech and swallowing function. Methods: Our study was based on 59 patients who underwent tongue cancer operation and reconstruction of the tongue. Speech and swallowing were evaluated according to categories documented by Sultan and Teichgraeber. Patients were classified into 3 groups as partial glossectomy, hemiglossectomy and total glossectomy groups for evaluation. The average age of the patients were 51, and the mean follow-up period was 4 years 2 months. Results: The partial glossectomy group showed statistically relevant results for speech articulation and swallowing abilities compared to the total glossectomy group. In cases of defects involving the mouth floor, the group showed decreased results compared to the group without mouth floor involvement. Increased age showed decreased postoperative results with statistical significance, while mandibulectomy and radiotherapy revealed no statistically significant data. Analysis according to TNM staging resulted in decreased functional result with advanced staging without statistical significance. Conclusion: To summarize the factors influencing the functional outcome in tongue reconstruction, younger patients and early stage cancer with minimal surgical extent revealed more satisfying results while mandibulectomy and radiation did not have influence on our analysis. Addition of various influencing factors and studies with longer follow up periods on our patient groups may provide effective data for more satisfying functional outcomes in the future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제29권7호
• /
• pp.734-740
• /
• 1996

1981년 1월부터 1994년 12월까지 흉선종으로 세브란스병원에서 수술한 65명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 환자중 28명(43.1%)이 중증근무력증을 동반하고 있었으며 마사오카 병기에 의하면 1기 28명(43. 11%), 2기 13명 (20.0%), 3기 22명 (33.8%), 4기a와 4기b가 각각 1명 (1.5%) 이었다. 수술사망은 없었고 완전절제가 48명 (73.8%)에서 가능했으며 수술 후 보조치료는 10명에서 시 행하여졌다. 병리학적분류로 24.6%가 상피세포형, 27.7%가 림파구형, )3.9%가 혼합형이 었다. 5년과 10년 생존율은 각각 87%, 82% 이었으며 흉선종의 수술 후 예후인자는 종양의 국소침윤여부, 종양의 완전절제여부, 흉선암, 병기, 중증 근무력증의 동반 여부였다. 1기 흉선종 환자에서는 재발이 없었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권8호
• /
• pp.4693-4697
• /
• 2013

Background: Malignant transformation arising in mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is one of the most serious complications of MCT. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant change. Some clinical findings such as advanced age group and large tumor size are significant risk factors of malignant transformation. This study was conducted in order to evaluate characteristics, cell types, treatment and outcome of malignant transformation arising from dermoid cysts in our institution. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed. General characteristics, operative data, procedure, operative finding and operative outcome were analyzed. Statistical assessment was performed with SPSS version 17.0, using mean, mode, median and percentage to describe those data. Results: During the 10 years period, 11 cases of malignant transformation from a total of 753 cases (1.46% incidence) of MCT were reviewed. Mean age of the patients was 41.2 years (SD 4.34, range 24-70). The most common presenting symptom was a palpable mass (8 cases; 72.7%). Primary surgical staging was performed in 4 patients (36.4%). Re-staging was conducted in the other 4. Complete cytoreduction was obtained in 45.5% (5 cases) and optimal surgical resection was obtained in 36.4% (4 cases). Mean tumor size was 14.1 cm. (SD 1.55, range 6-20). Squamous cell carcinoma was found in 36.4% (4 cases) and mucinous cancer in the other 4. More than half of them were stage Ia (54.5%, 6 cases). All patients whose stage more than Ia received chemotherapy (45.5%). Mean disease free survival was 5.53 years (1.32, 0.3-10). Conclusion: According to our study, the incidence of malignant transformation was consistent with previous studies. The common malignant transformation histologic types are both squamous and mucinous carcinoma which differed from previous reports. Early detection for early stage disease and optimal surgery are important for long term survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.3183-3186
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual for esophageal cancer (EC) categorizes N stage according to the number of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs), irrespective of the site. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of subcarinal LN metastasis in patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: A retrospective analysis of 507 consecutive patients with ESCC was conducted. Potential clinicopathological factors that could influence subcarinal LN metastasis were statistically analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were also performed to evaluate the prognostic parameters for survival. Results: The frequency of subcarinal LN metastasis was 22.9% (116/507). Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor length (>3cm vs ${\leq}3cm$; P=0.027), tumor location (lower vs upper/middle; P=0.009), vessel involvement (Yes vs No; P=0.001) and depth of invasion (T3-4a vs T1-2; P=0.012) were associated with 2.085-, 1.810-, 2.535- and 2.201- fold increases, respectively, for risk of subcarinal LN metastasis. Multivariate analyses showed that differentiation (poor vs well/moderate; P=0.001), subcarinal LN metastasis (yes vs no; P=0.033), depth of invasion (T3-4a vs T1-2; P=0.014) and N staging (N1-3 vs N0; P=0.001) were independent prognostic factors. In addition, patients with subcarinal LN metastasis had a significantly lower 5-year cumulative survival rate than those without (26.7% vs 60.9%; P<0.001). Conclusions: Subcarinal LN metastasis is a predictive factor for long-term survival in patients with ESCC.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.195-199
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Composite neuroendocrine-exocrine carcinomas are malignancies that have two distinct components residing within the same tumor: an adenocarcinomatous portion and a neuroendocrine portion. This is rare in gastric cancers; however, poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas can sometimes reveal evidence of neuroendocrine features (NEF) or be 'mixed endocrine and exocrine carcinomas'. This study aimed to review NEF in gastric adenocarcinoma and to evaluate its prognostic significance. Materials and Methods: We selected 29 patients who were diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma with NEF and received gastrectomies at the Department of Surgery, Ajou University Hospital between January 2001 and December 2009. We analyzed the clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer with NEF and the prognosis associated with such tumors. Results: The pathologic result with respect to TNM staging of the gastric cancers with NEF were as follows: 5 cases of T1, 5 cases of T2, 10 cases of T3, and 9 cases of T4. There were 7 cases of N0, 7 cases of N1, 8 cases of N2 and 7 cases of N3. The staging of patients with NEF was higher than that of patients without NEF. Especially tumor lymphovascular invasion rate was 82.8%. The overall survival of patients with gastric cancer characterized by NEF was 73.8 months. Conclusions: Positive NEF status might be correlated with clinicopathologic parameters such as a high stage and high frequency of regional lymph node metastasis.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 1998

Squamous cell carcinoma is a neglected disease entity in orthopedic oncology. The purpose of this study was to analyze overall survival and the role of surgery on survival and to evaluate the significance of possible prognostic factors. From Oct, 1986 to Aug, 1996, 57 patients were enlisted and 42 patients ere eligible. Inclusion criteria included more than one year follow-up and no distant metastasis at the first visit. Staging and survival followed AJC classification and Kaplan-Meier plot. Stage II included 17 cases and stage III, 25 cases. Thirty-eight patients underwent operations, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy, and the remaining four had operations only. The chemotherapeutic regimen was adriamycin-cisplatin. The average follow-up period was 45 months. The ten-year actuarial survival rate of whole patients was 65.4%. Location of primary lesion, stage, pathologic grading, and intensity of chemotherapy in the same stage showed a significant difference in survival. Nine out of 42 patients had local recurrence. Seven patients had inadequate wide margins and two had intralesional margins. Average period of recurrence from operation was 13(4-35)months. The operation itself had no impact on survival but a surgical margin of no less than 3cm from the lesion was important for local control. Pathological grade and staging were significant variables for long term survival. Acral lesion had a significantly higher chance of regional and distant metastasis but actual survival showed no difference. In stage II, aggressive chemotherapy could delay or reduce the chance of regional or distant metastasis.

• 대한종양외과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) are important for staging of patients with node-positive breast cancer. However, these can be avoided in select micrometastatic diseases, preventing postoperative complications. The present study evaluated the ability of axillary lymph node maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) to predict axillary metastasis of breast cancer. Methods: The records of invasive breast cancer patients who underwent pretreatment (surgery and/or chemotherapy) PET-CT between January 2006 and December 2014 were reviewed. ALNs were preoperatively evaluated by PET-CT. Lymph nodes were dissected by SLNB or ALND. SUVmax was measured in both the axillary lymph node and primary tumor. Student t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze sensitivity and specificity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) analyses were performed. Results: SUV-tumor (SUV-T) and SUV-lymph node (SUV-LN) were significantly higher in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) group than in other groups (SUV-T: 5.99, P<0.01; SUV-LN: 1.29, P=0.014). The sensitivity (0.881) and accuracy (0.804) for initial ALN staging were higher in fine needle aspiration+PET-CT than in other methods. For PET-CT alone, the subtype with the highest sensitivity (0.870) and negative predictive value (0.917) was TNBC. The AUC for SUV-LN was greatest in TNBC (0.797). Conclusion: The characteristics of SUV-T and SUV-LN differed according to immunohistochemistry subtype. Compared to other subtypes, the true positivity of axillary metastasis on PET-CT was highest in TNBC. These findings could help tailor management for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.