• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.sup1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2008

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary tumor in the liver. FDG PET has been applied for staging and treatment planning of hepatocellular carcinoma. It could reflect tumor prognosis because glucose metabolism assessed by FDG PET is known to have correlations with the differentiation and aggressiveness of the tumor. Although the ability of FDG PET to detect well-differentiated or low grade tumors and intra-hepatic lesions is not good, it is expected to playa major role in pre-surgical assessments for liver transplantation because it is useful in detecting extra-hepatic lesions and unexpected distant metastases with a better diagnostic performance than other conventional imaging modalities. Additionally, FDG PET has an advantage to screen other cancers through whole body scanning. As a new tracer for PET, Acetate demonstrates higher sensitivity and specificity to FDG in evaluating hepatocellular carcinoma. It thus seems that simultaneous use of Acetate PET with FDG PET could be helpful in diagnosis, especially detecting extra-hepatic metastases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4369-4371
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate the association of a diagnosis of lung cancer and combined detection of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrateantigen 19-9 (CA19-9), neuron specific enolase (NSE) as well as the cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1). Methods: Serum CEA, CA19-9, NSE and CYFRA21-1 were assessed in 150 patients with lung cancer, 100 patients with benign lung disease and 100 normal control subjects, and differences of expression were compared in each group, and joint effects of these tumor markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer were analyzed. Results: Serum CEA, CA19-9, NSE and CYFRA21-1 in patients with lung cancer were significantly higher than those with benign lung disease and normal controls (p<0.01). It is suggested that these four tumor markers combined together could produce a positive detection rate of 90.2%, significantly higher than that of any single test. Conclusion: Combination detection of CEA, CA19-9, NSE and CYFRA21-1 could significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of lung cancer, and could be important in early detection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3425-3428
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• 2015

Objective: To explore the association of serum tumor abnormal protein (TAP) with other serological biomarkers e.g. carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and its clinical application in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: Patients (N=98) were enrolled into this study with histologically or cytologically confirmed CRC. Using a test kit, the level of TAP was determined, while chemiluminescence was used to measure the levels of some other common serological biomarkers e.g. CEA, CA125 and CA19-9. Results: The area of TAP condensed particulate matter decreased after chemotherapy compared with before chemotherapy when CT or MRI scans showed disease control. In contrast, it increased with disease progression (P<0.05). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was confirmed in monitoring of TAP and common serological biomarkers e.g. CEA and CA19-9 (p<0.05). Conclusions: Detecting TAP in CRC patients has high sensitivity and specificity and can be used as a new independent indicator for clinically monitoring CRC patients in the course of chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.547-554
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• 1997

Galectin-3 is known as an animal ${\beta}$-galactoside-binding lectin charicterized with S-type carbohydrate recognition domain. It plays a role in growth, adherence and movement of cells. It is, also, related to the cell transformation and metastasis of tumor cells. In this study, we have expressed and purified recombinant human galectin-3 (rHgalectin-3) using E coli system and asialofetuin affinity chromatography for the future development of monoclonal antibody to Hgalectin-3, which is suggested as the tumor marker for the gastric and thyroid gland cancers. Expressed protein was confirmed as the Hgalectin-3 by immunoblot with cross-reactive murine monoclonal antibody. Lectin activity and specificity of purified protein were, also, confirmed by the competitive inhibition with galectin-3 specific carbohydrate, lactose. Like physiological galectin-3, lectin activity of the molecule was not changed in nonreduced condition. Dimer formation, furthermore, was observed at high concentration of the protein even in the reduced condition, which is well known in physiological galectin-3. These results showed purified rHgalectin-3 has the same activity and molecular nature compared to the physiological galectin-3.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.73-88
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• 2023

Brain tumors can also be an abnormal collection or accumulation of cells in the brain that can be life-threatening due to their ability to invade and metastasize to nearby tissues. Accurate diagnosis is critical to the success of treatment planning, and resonant imaging is the primary diagnostic imaging method used to diagnose brain tumors and their extent. Deep learning methods for computer vision applications have shown significant improvements in recent years, primarily due to the undeniable fact that there is a large amount of data on the market to teach models. Therefore, improvements within the model architecture perform better approximations in the monitored configuration. Tumor classification using these deep learning techniques has made great strides by providing reliable, annotated open data sets. Reduce computational effort and learn specific spatial and temporal relationships. This white paper describes transfer models such as the MobileNet model, VGG19 model, InceptionResNetV2 model, Inception model, and DenseNet201 model. The model uses three different optimizers, Adam, SGD, and RMSprop. Finally, the pre-trained MobileNet with RMSprop optimizer is the best model in this paper, with 0.995 accuracies, 0.99 sensitivity, and 1.00 specificity, while at the same time having the lowest computational cost.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6557-6562
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• 2013

Objective: Specific promoters could improve efficiency and ensure the safety of gene therapy. The aim of our study was to screen examples for lung cancer. Methods: The firefly luciferase gene was used as a reporter, and promoters based on serum markers of lung cancer were cloned. The activity and specificity of seven promoters, comprising CEACAM5 (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA), GRP (Gastrin-Releasing Peptide), KRT19 (cytokeratin 19, KRT), SFTPB (surfactant protein B, SP-B), SERPINB3 (Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen, SCCA), SELP (Selectin P, Granule Membrane Protein 140kDa, Antigen CD62, GMP) and DKK1 (Dickkopf-1) promoters were compared in lung cancer cells to obtain cancer-specific examples with strong activity. Results: The CEACAM5, DKK1, GRP, SELP, KRT19, SERPINB3 and SFTPB promoters were cloned. Furthermore, we successfully constructed recombinant vector pGL-CEACAM5 (DKK1, GRP, SELP, KRT19, SERPINB3 and SFTPB) contained the target gene. After cells were transfectedwith recombinant plasmids, we found that the order of promoter activity from high to low was SERPINB3, DKK1, SFTPB, KRT19, CEACAM5, SELP and GRP and the order for promoters regarding specificity and high potential were SERPINB3, DKK1, SELP, SFTPB, CEACAM5, KRT19 and GRP. Conclusion: The approach adopted is feasible to screen for new tumour specific promoters with biomarkers. In addition, the screened lung-specific promoters might have potential for use in lung cancer targeted gene therapy research.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 1999

Fine needle aspiration cytology of the salivary lesions was performed on 221 patients at Soonchunhyang University Hospital for 10 years. Of 221 aspirates, 6 aspirates(2.7%) were inadequate, 116 cases(52.5%) were non-neoplastic lesions, 76(34.4%) cases were benign neoplasms and 23 cases(10.4%) were malignant neoplasms. The cytologic diagnoses could be correlated with histologic findings in 58 cases. FNAC correctly discriminated between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions in fifty-seven lesions and failed in a case, and overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 98.3%, 98.0%, and 100.0%. FNAC correctly discriminated malignant neoplasms from benign neoplastic/nonneoplastic lesions in fifty-three cases and fatted in five cases, and overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 91.3%, 72.7%, and 95.7%. Among three false negative cases, two mucoepidermoid carcinomas were misdiagnosed as mucocele and benign neoplasm, and an acinic cell carcinoma were misdiagnosed as Warthin's tumor. Two false positive cases were a Warthin's tumor misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and a pleomorphic adenoma misinterpretated as suggestive of malignancy. In conclusion diagnostic accuracy of FNAC of salivary lesions is high, and the possibilities of low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma should be considered on hypocellular smears with mucoid or fluidy background.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2008

Purpose: We aimed to assess the role of positron emission tomography using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) in the diagnosis of recurrence or the assessment of therapeutic response in cervical and ovarian cancer patients through making a comparison between FDG-PET, abdominal computed tomography (CT) and serum tumor marker. Materials and methods: We included 103 cases (67 patients) performed FDG-PET and abdominal CT. There were 42 cervical cancers and 61 ovarian cancers. We retrospectively reviewed the interpretations of PET and CT images as well as the level of tumor marker. We calculated their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for these three modalities. And then we analyzed the differences between these three modalities. Results: Tumor recurrences were diagnosed in 37 cases (11 cervical cancers and 26 ovarian cancers). For PET, CT and tumor marker, in cervical cancer group, sensitivity was 100% (11/11), 54.5% (6/11) and 81.1% (9/11), respectively. And specificity was 93.6% (29/31), 93.6% (29/31) and 100% (31/31). In ovarian cancer group, sensitivity was 96.2% (25/26), 84.6% (22/26) and 80.8% (21/26), and specificity was 94.3% (33/35), 94.3% (33/35), 94.3% (33/35), PET was highly sensitive to detect the intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal metastasis with the help of the CT images to localize the lesions. However, CT had limitations in differentiation of the recurrent tumor from benign fibrotic tissue, identification of viable tumors at the interface of tissues, and detecting extraperitoneal lesions. Conclusion: FDG-PET can be an essential modality to detect the recurrent or residual tumors in gynecologic cancer patients because of its great field of the application and high sensitivity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10267-10272
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• 2015

To evaluate the value of combined detection of serum CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, AFP, CA72-4, SCC, TPA and TPS for the clinical diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer and to analyze the efficacy of these tumor markers (TMs) in evaluating curative effects and prognosis. A total of 573 patients with upper GIT cancer between January 2004 and December 2007 were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, AFP, CA72-4, SCC, TPA and TPS were examined preoperatively and every 3 months postoperatively by ELISA. The sensitivity of CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, AFP, CA72-4, SCC, TPA and TPS were 26.8%, 36.2%, 42.9%, 2.84%, 25.4%, 34.6%, 34.2% and 30.9%, respectively. The combined detection of CEA+CA199+CA242+CA724 had higher sensitivity and specificity in gastric cancer (GC) and cardiac cancer, while CEA+CA199+CA242+SCC was the best combination of diagnosis for esophageal cancer (EC). Elevation of preoperative CEA, CA19-9 and CA24-2, SCC and CA72-4 was significantly associated with pathological types (p<0.05) and TNM staging (p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that CA24-2 was significantly correlated with CA19-9 (r=0.810, p<0.001). The levels of CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, CA72-4 and SCC decreased obviously 3 months after operations. When metastasis and recurrence occurred, the levels of TMs significantly increased. On multivariate analysis, high preoperative CA72-4, CA24-2 and SCC served as prognostic factors for cardiac carcinoma, GC and EC, respectively. combined detection of CEA+CA199+CA242+SCC proved to be the most economic and practical strategy in diagnosis of EC; CEA+CA199+CA242+CA724 proved to be a better evaluation indicator for cardiac cancer and GC. CEA and CA19-9, CA24-2, CA72-4 and SCC, examined postoperatively during follow-up, were useful to find early tumor recurrence and metastasis, and evaluate prognosis. AFP, TPA and TPS have no significant value in diagnosis of patients with upper GIT cancer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.42-45
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• 2000

Background and Objectives: To review efficacy of the fine-needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) in patients with salivary glands lesions. Materials and Methods: From January 1994 through June 1999, FNACs and surgical biopsies were carried out on 109 patients with salivary gland diseases. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Benign tumor was found in 81 patients, and malignant tumor was in 19 patients. Nine patients had inflammatory lesion. Results: In 6 of 109 cases the aspiration was inadequate. Of the remaining 103 patients, FNAC correctly diagnosed 87 lesions(84.5%). For benign tumor lesions, the accuracy was 91%(71/78), and for malignant lesions 55.6%(10/18). The accuracy for inflammatory lesions was 85.7%(6/7). Regarding the capacity to discriminate between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions, sensitivity, specificity and total diagnostic accuracy were 99%, 85.7% and 84.5% respectively. Regarding the capacity to discriminate between malignant and benign tumors, sensitivity and specificity were 55.6% and 97.4% respectively. FNACs misdiagnosed malignant tumors as benign lesions in eight patients, in which three were with adenoid cystic carcinomas. Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, malignant lymphoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma 'were others. Conclusion: FNAC showed high accuracy to diagnose benign lesions in salivary gland diseases. But the accuracy was rather low for malignant lesions. If a salivary gland lesion was suspected for malignant tumor, other diagnostic methods such as tissue biopsy should be seriously considered.