• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of anterolateral thigh free flap on soft tissue defect following wide excision in malignant soft tissue tumor of lower extremities. Methods: Between February 2005 to April 2010, we followed up 19 cases who were undergoing anterolateral thigh free flap because of soft tissue defect following wide excision of malignant soft tissue tumor in lower extremity, including 9 cases were heel, 5 cases in foot, 3 cases in ankle, 2 cases in knee and leg. We observed that of implanted area's color, peripheral circulation at 3, 5, 7 days after operation and evaluated operating time, amount of hemorrhage, implanted skin necrosis, additional operations, complications. And we also evaluated the oncologic results, including local recurrence, metastasis, and morbidity. Results: Average operation time of wide excision and anterolateral thigh free flap was 7 hour 28 minutes. 18(94.7%) of total 19 cases showed successful engraftment, on the other hand, failure of engraftment due to complete necrosis of flap in 1 case. In 18 cases with successful engraftment, reoperation was performed in 4 cases. Among them, removal of hematoma and engraftment of flap after bleeding control was performed in 3 cases, because of insufficient circulation due to the hematoma. In the remaining 1 case, graft necrosis due to flap infection was checked, and grafted after combination of wound debridement and conservative treatment such as antibiotics therapy, also skin graft was performed at debrided skin defect area. Skin color change was mainly due to congestion with hematoma, flap was not observed global congestion or necrosis except 4 cases which shows partial necrosis on margin that treated with conservative therapy. Conclusions: Anterolateral thigh free flap could be recommended for reconstruction of soft tissue defect following wide excision of malignant soft tissue tumor in lower extremity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.513-521
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• 2000

Background : TNF may play an important role(central mediator) in the development of an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Since TNF induced lung injury in the acute respiratory distress syndrome and abnormalities in surfactant function have been described in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the authors investigated the effects of TNF on the regulation of surfactant protein A, B and C mRNA accumulation. Methods : The effects of TNF on gene expression of surfactant protein A, B, and C were analyzed using filter hybridization, 12 and 24 hours after intravenous injection of TNF in rats. Results : 1. The accumulation of SP-A mRNA in the TNF treated group (12 and 24 hours after TNF injection) was significantly decreased by 22.9% and 27.4%, respectively, compared to the control group (P<.025, P<.025). 2. The accumulation of SP-B mRNA in 24 hours after TNF treated group was significantly decreased by 20.5% compared to that of the control group(P<.01). 3. The accumulation of SP-C mRNA in 12 hours after TNF treated group was significantly decreased by 31% the compared to that of the control group(P<.01). Conclusions : These findings indicate the marked inhibitory effects of tumor necrosis factor on surfactant proteins expression in vivo. This finding. in turn, supports the idea of inhibitory effects of tumor necrosis factor on surfactant proteins expression as it relates to pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.497-506
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• 2021

Besides using for hair removal, depilatory agents have been considered to be used as a penetration enhancer for transepidermal drug delivery. To examine the effect in hair follicles (HFs), two commercially available depilatory creams were tested on the dorsal skin of mice to monitor the effect deep into the skin structure. Fifteen male BALB/c mice were used in this study. Depilatory creams were applied to the dorsal skin of the same animal using shaved and untouched treatments as controls to minimize individual differences. Skin samples were collected at three days, one week and two weeks (n = 5 for each) after the treatment, and subjected for hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemical analysis for proinflammatory cytokines. The morphological examination showed an increase in the thickness of epidermal layer of the depilatory cream-treated skin at early time points and in the subcutis at two weeks. Depilatory cream promoted entry of anagen phase and increased the number of hair follicles in the subcutis at one and two weeks. Immunohistochemistry showed elevated percentages of dermal fibroblasts expressing interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and tumor necrosis factor-β. Shaving process increased the thickness of epidermis and dermis as depilatory creams did, but did neither induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the dermal fibroblasts nor the number of HFs. The results suggested that the commercially available depilatory creams caused a transient minor inflammatory response of the skin and increased the levels of cytokines that might subsequently affect hair growth.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 2008

Encapsulated fat necrosis is a degenerative process involving various mature adipose tissues. Liposarcoma may also occur in any body fat area but it is quite different from lipoma and fat necrosis. Moreover, sarcoma does not derive from lipoma. We present a case of liposarcoma accompanying extensive fat necrosis in an well-encapsulated mass.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2020

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a representative marker for inflammation. Silk sericin is known as mild TNFα inducer. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of TNFα among different fractions of silk sericin. Silk sericin was extracted from cocoon and separated it by molecular weight. Each fraction was applied to RAW264.7 cells. The level of TNFα was evaluated by western blot and ELISA assay. In results, the level of TNFα was increased as time-dependent manner. Higher molecular weight fraction of sericin induced higher amount of TNFα than lower molecular weight fraction. In conclusion, different molecular weight fraction of sericin induced TNFα differently.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.169-173
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• 1995

The effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha $(TNF-{\alpha})$ on growth and tubular formation of bovine aortic endothelial cells were examined using an in vitro angiogenesis model system. The growth of endothelial cells was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner when the cells were cultured with $TNF-{\alpha}$ for 3 days, but $TNF-{\alpha}$, at the concentration of 1 nM or higher, produced a growth inhibition of endothelial cells when the cells were cultured for 8 days. The endothelial cells incubated with $TNF-{\alpha}$ for 48-h exhibited a typical morphologic change. Then, they showed a fibroblastoid organization of overlapping, elongated, and spindle-shaped cells. $TNF-{\alpha}$, at the concentration of O. 1 nM or higher, inhibited the tubular formation of vascular endothelial cells in an in vitro anglogenesis model using a 3-dimensional culture system.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 1999

Possible antiinflammatory effect of eudesmin were examined by assessing the effects on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ production and lymphocyte proliferation as well as cytotoxicity against murine and human macrophages. the compound significantly inhibited TNF-$\alpha$, production by lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 without displaying cytotoxicity suggesting that eudesmin may inhibit TNF-$\alpha$ production without any interference of normal cell function. It also significantly attenuated T cell proliferation stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A) in a dose-dependent manner.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 1993

Previous results from several laboratories have demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) depressed cytochrome P-450 (P-450)-dependent drug metabolism in vivo. However, there is some debate whether the action of TNFalpha is mediated by its direct effects on hepatocytes, or is indirectly mediated through the release of other mediators like IL-1 from macrophages. In the present studies, we investigated the effects of TNFalpha on P-450-dependent drug metabolizing enzyme as measured by 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2004

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common neoplasm of the parotid gland, generally presenting as a slowly growing, firm, well-circumscribed, painless nodule. It is often difficult to separate into benign and malignant categories because its bland histomorphologic and cytologic features. This tumor can be rarely associated with cystic change, hemorrhagic necrosis, or spontaneous infarction. Necrosis of lesional tissue may be associated with malignant transformation, particularly in a pleomorphic adenoma. We report a case of 50-year-old woman presented with a enlarging right parotid mass. Computed tomographic scan demonstrated a right superficial lobe mass with ill-defined border. The preoperative fine needle aspiration yielded necrotic debris and atypical squamous elements that were thought to be compatible with high degree of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. A total parotidectomy with intraoperative frozen section revealed extensive necrosis and diagnosed as malignant tumor. This tumor was finally diagnosed as a pleomorphic adenoma with necrosis on permanent sections. Caution should be exercised in evaluation of the parotid neoplasms with central necrosis to avoid misdiagnosis of such lesions as malignancy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7831-7834
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the influence of different ways of blood transfusion on the expression levels of interleukins (IL) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) inperi-operative patients with esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent radical operations were selected as study patients and randomly divided into an observation group (treated with autologous blood transfusion) and control group (with homologous blood transfusion). Changes of intra-operative indexes and peri-operative blood indexes, from hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit value (Hct), to levels of inflammatory factors like interleukins-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) were compared. Results: Operations for patients in both groups were successfully conducted, and no significant differences in mean surgical duration and intra-operative hemorrhage volume, fluid infusion volume and blood transfusion volume were detected (p>0.05). Compared with values before surgery, Hb and Hct levels decreased significantly while white blood cell count (WBC) increased 1, 5 and 7 d after operation (p<0.05, p<0.01). In addition, WBC was apparently higher in observation group than in control group 5 and 7 d after operation (p<0.01). Compared with before surgery, in the observation group, levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 had no significant differences after operation (P>0.05), but TNF-${\alpha}$ level increased y (p<0.01), whereas in control group, IL-6 level had no significant difference (p>0.05), IL-8 level decreased obviously (p<0.05), IL-10 level increased markedly first and then decreased gradually as time passed but its level remained elevated (p<0.01), and TNF-${\alpha}$ level increased first and then decreased, and there was no significant difference 7 d after operation (p>0.05). Conclusions: Decreased IL-8 and increased IL-10 levels are two important reasons for immunosuppression after homologous blood transfusion, whereas autologous blood transfusion can alleviate this while increasing the TNF-${\alpha}$ level, which also has potential to improve anti-tumor immunity in the human body.