• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2201-2204
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• 2014

Russian rates for melanoma incidence and mortality are relatively low as compared to some other white populations but the tumor is of increasing importance. In this paper, data are based on a retrospective descriptive analysis of melanoma epidemiology and clinicopathological characteristics in Krasnoyarsk Territory belonging to the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation. The age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates for the period 1996-2009 were determined with subsequent retrospective analysis of clinicopathological data of 103 primary melanoma cases. Our results showed that incidence and mortality rates in the region under consideration match the Russian national trends and correspond to epidemiological data of the countries of Eastern Europe. Stratification of melanoma cases by age, sex, clinicopathological state and localization revealed a prevalence of lesions on the trunk and lower extremities. Most melanomas diagnosed were of superficial spreading type and the third Clark's level of tumor invasion and stage II according to AJCC. In spite of comparatively low rates of incidence and mortality the trend to increase of melanoma cases in the region under consideration obviously calls for more attention and further investigation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1713-1718
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• 2012

Advanced imaging approaches (computed tomography, CT; magnetic resonance imaging, MRI; $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, FDG PET) have increased roles in cervical cancer staging and management. The recent FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) recommendations encouraged applications to assess the clinical extension of tumors rather than relying on clinical examinations and traditional non-cross sectional investigations. MRI appears to be better than CT for primary tumors and adjacent soft tissue involvement in the pelvis. FDG-PET/CT has increased in usage with a particular benefit for whole body evaluation of tumor metabolic activity. The potential benefits of advanced imaging are assisting selection of treatment based upon actual disease extent, to adequately treat a tumor with minimal normal tissue complications, and to predict the treatment outcomes. Furthermore, sophisticated external radiation treatment and brachytherapy absolutely require advanced imaging for target localization and radiation dose calculation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 1999

Introduction: Since 1996, Dr. James Norman has successfully performed mimimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy(MIRP) using intraoperative nuclear mapping with $^{99m}Tc$ sestamibi scanning and radioactivity detection probe. Objectives: We aimed to introduce this new surgical technique and evaluate it's efficacy by our own experiences. Method: From May to October 1999, five consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism underwent parathyroidectomy by using modified MIRP technique. $^{99m}Tc$ sestamibi scanning was performed 1.0 or 1.5 hour before operation. After intraoperative localization of the tumor under the guidance of quantitative gamma counting with a NEVIGATOR probe, an unilateral small skin incision(3.0-4.0cm) was placed. Without a skin flap, the strap muscle was directly divided with the use of a Harmonic scalpel. After careful dissection, the parathyroid tumor was removed. Result: In all patients, a single adenoma could be easily detected and removed by this new technique. Mean incision length was 3.2cm(3.0-4.0cm) and operative time ranged from 40 to 110minute. All the patients were discharged within 2 days of surgery without any complication. Conclusion: This new operative technique could become the most minimally invasive alternative to the standard operative procedure for parathyroid adenoma.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.266-275
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• 1990

c-raf protein kinase, a kind of oncogene, is a cytopiasmic serine / threonine-specific protein and is activated by mitogenic or oncogenic signals. The strncture and functions of c-raf protein kinase are considered very similar to those of protein kinase C. Using immunocytochemical approach, the time course of singal transduction of c-raf protein kinase in EC-4 cell was examined with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as tumor promotor and plateletderived growth factor (PDGF) as mitogenic factor. Immunoreactive c-raf was initially bound to the perinuclear membrane and then moved into the nucleus. The effect of the long-term treatment with TPA or PDGF was taken place down regulation at different time point. These results indicate that TPA and PDGF give rise to the translocation of c-raf protein kinase through the two different pathways.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 2000

Expansion in the scope and technique of head and neck tumor resection during the past two decades has paralleled precise tumor localization with advanced radiographic imaging and the availability of microvascular free tissue transfer. Especially, the defect reconstruction utilizing free flap results in improvement of patient survival due to decrease of local recurrence by wide resection of cancer. The rectus abdominis free flap has been used widely in reconstruction of the breast and extremities. However, the report of cases on its applications in the head and neck, based on the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein, is rare. This flap is one of the most versatile soft-tissue flaps. The deep inferior epigastric artery and vein are long and large-diameter vessels that are ideal for microvascular anastomosis. The skin area that can be transferred is probably the largest of all flaps presently in use. The versatility of the donor site is due to the ability to transfer large areas of skin with various thickness and amounts of underlying muscle. This article is to report reconstruction of midface defects utilizing the rectus abdominis free flap in 2 patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma and discuss briefly considerations in flap design and orbital exenteration, and healing of irradiated recipient site by hyperbaric oxygen therapy with literature review.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.86-102
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• 2024

Early diagnosis, accurate assessment, and localization of peritoneal metastasis (PM) are essential for the selection of appropriate treatments and surgical guidance. However, available imaging modalities (computed tomography [CT], conventional magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography [PET]/CT) have limitations. The advent of new imaging techniques and novel molecular imaging agents have revealed molecular processes in the tumor microenvironment as an application for the early diagnosis and assessment of PM as well as real-time guided surgical resection, which has changed clinical management. In contrast to clinical imaging, which is purely qualitative and subjective for interpreting macroscopic structures, radiomics and artificial intelligence (AI) capitalize on high-dimensional numerical data from images that may reflect tumor pathophysiology. A predictive model can be used to predict the occurrence, recurrence, and prognosis of PM, thereby avoiding unnecessary exploratory surgeries. This review summarizes the role and status of different imaging techniques, especially new imaging strategies such as spectral photon-counting CT, fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and PET/MRI, for early diagnosis, assessment of surgical indications, and recurrence monitoring in patients with PM. The clinical applications, limitations, and solutions for fluorescence imaging, radiomics, and AI are also discussed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7039-7044
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• 2015

Background: Many functional molecules controlling diverse cellular function are included in low-molecular weight proteins and peptides. Materials and Methods: To identify proteins controlling function in lung adenocarcinomas (AC), we performed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis employing tricine-SDS polyacrylamide in the second dimension (tricine 2-DE). This system was able to detect proteins under 1 kDa even with post-translational modifications. To confirm the utility of detected proteins as novel tumor markers for AC, we performed immunohistochemical analysis using 170 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung AC tissues. Results: Tricine 2-DE revealed that five proteins including S100A16 were overexpressed in lung AC-derived cells compared with lung squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma-derived cells. Immunohistochemically, S100A16 showed various subcellular localization in lung cancer tissues and a membranous staining status was correlated with the T-factor (P=0.0008), pathological stage (P=0.0015), differentiation extent (P=0.0001), lymphatic invasion (P=0.0007), vascular invasion (P=0.0001), pleural invasion (P=0.0087), and gender (P=0.039), but not with the age or smoking history. More importantly, membranous staining of S100A16 was significantly correlated with a poorer overall survival of either stage I (P=0.0088) or stage II / III (P=0.0003) lung AC patients, and multivariate analysis confirmed that membranous expression of S100A16 was an independent adverse prognostic indicator (P=0.0001). Conclusions: The present results suggest that S100A16 protein is a novel prognostic marker for lung AC.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1983

To evaluate the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) in radiotherapy treatment planning in malignant tumors of thoracic cage, the computer generated dose distributions were compared between plans based on conventional studies and those based on CT scan. 22 cases of thoracic malignancies, 15 lung cancers and 7 esophageal cancers, diagnosed and treated in Department of Therapeutic Radiology of Seoul National University Hospital from September, 1982 to April, 1983, were analyzed. In lung cancers, dose distribution in plans using AP, PA parallel opposing ports with posterior spinal cord block and in plans using box technique both based on conventional studies were compared with dose distribution using AP, PA and two oblique ports based on CT scan. In esophageal cancers, dose distribution in plans based on conventional studies and those based on CT scans, both using 3 port technique were compared. The results are as follows: 1. Parallel opposing field technique were inadequate in all cases of lung cancers, as portion of primary tumor in 13 of 15 cases and portion of mediastinum in all were out of high dose volume. 2. Box technique was inadequate in 5 of 15 lung cancers as portion of primary tumor was not covered and in every case the irradiated normal lung volume was quite large. 3. Plans based on CT scan were superior to those based on conventional studies as tumor was demarcated better with CT and so complete coverage of tumor and preservation of more normal lung volume could be made. 4. In 1 case of lung cancer, tumor localization was nearly impossible with conventional studies, but after CT scan tumor was more clearly defined and localized. 5. In 1 of 7 esophageal cancers, the radiation volume should be increased for marginal coverage after CT scan. 6. Depth dose correction for tissue inhomogeneity is possible with CT, and exact tumor dose can be calculated. As a result radiotherapy treatment planning based on CT scan has a pteat advantage over that based on conventional studies.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 1988

The cocktails of two $^{131}I$ labeled Monoclonal antibody (MCAB) (Anti CA 19-9 F$(ab')_2$ + Anti CEA $F(ab')_2$ fragment), which react specially, with human gastrointestinal cancers, were administered to 10 patients with colorectal (7), stomach(2) and pancreas(1) cancer for scintigraphic detection. All patients were known or postoperatively recurrent cases, and serum tumor markers, CA 19-9 and CEA, were measured with immunoradiometric assay, just before immunoscintigraphy (ISG). The tumor marker's level in serum is not correlated with positive tumor uptake in ISG. The sensitivity and specificity of ISG in detection of 21 tumor sites, based on surgery, CT, ultrasonography and pathology, were 90.5% and 100% One case of colon cancer showed gall bladder metastasis, which was neglected on CT study. Tumor/non tumor uptake ratio of radiolabelled antibody were progressively increased from day 3 to day 7 during study. We summerized as follows 1) The use of cocktails of CEA and CA 19-9 MCAB $F(at')_2$ increased sensitivity and specificity in ISG. 2) Delayed imaging (later than 5 days) increases sensitivitv and specificity due to exclusion of nonspecific iodine accumulation in stomach and lung. 3) Second tracer technique is essential for anatomical landmark by use of a double isotope scan, but subtraction technique, a possible source of artifacts, is no longer necessory when delayed imaging is performed. 4) It may be possible to use two MCAB cocktails of CA 19-9 and CEA in Radioimmunodetection of stomach and pancreas cancer. In conclusion, ISG using MCAB cocktails, $F(ab')_2$ fragment of anti CA 19-9 and Anti CEA, provide additional opportunity for tumor localization and detection of colorectal and other G-I cancer, such as stomach and pancreas.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.207-213
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) gastrography in the surgical management of a gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic data of 38 patients who had undergone CT gastrography from among patients who had gastric GISTS surgically resected at the Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, between January 2001 and February 2006. We compared CT gastrography data, including tumor size and location and distance from the gastroesophageal junction or pylorus with endoscopic, surgical and pathologic findings. Results: The longitudinal tumor locations on CT gastrography and endoscopy were identical to the surgical findings. For tumor sizes on CT gastrography of less than 5 cm, we performed 11 (42.3%) laparoscopic wedge resections from among 26 cases. In the 12 cases with tumor sizes of 5 cm or over, only 1 (8.3%) laparoscopic wedge resection was performed. When the tumor was located in the middle third of the stomach, a laparoscopic wedge resection was performed in 88.9% (8/9) of the cases, but when it was located in the upper or lower third, a laparoscopic wedge resection was performed in only 13.8% (4/29) of the cases. Conclusion: Three-dimensional information from CT gastrography allows the surgeon to perform preoperative planning, including accurate localization.