• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2011

Purpose: The present study compared the difference between intraoperative transrectal ultrasound (iTRUS)-based prostate volume and preplan computed tomography (CT), preplan magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based prostate volume to estimate the number of seeds needed for appropriate dose coverage in permanent brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Between March 2007 and March 2011, among 112 patients who underwent permanent brachytherapy with $^{125}I$, 60 image scans of 56 patients who underwent preplan CT (pCT) or preplan MRI (pMRI) within 2 months before brachytherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-four cases among 30 cases with pCT and 26 cases among 30 cases with pMRI received neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT). In 34 cases, NHT started after acquisition of preplan image. The median duration of NHT after preplan image acquisition was 17 and 21 days for cases with pCT and pMRI, respectively. The prostate volume calculated by different modalities was compared. And retrospective planning with iTRUS image was performed to estimate the number of $^{125}I$ seed required to obtain recommended dose distribution according to prostate volume. Results: The mean difference in prostate volume was 9.05 mL between the pCT and iTRUS and 6.84 mL between the pMRI and iTRUS. The prostate volume was roughly overestimated by 1.36 times with pCT and by 1.33 times with pMRI. For 34 cases which received NHT after image acquisition, the prostate volume was roughly overestimated by 1.45 times with pCT and by 1.37 times with pMRI. A statistically significant difference was found between preplan image-based volume and iTRUS-based volume (p<0.001). The median number of wasted seeds is approximately 13, when the pCT or pMRI volume was accepted without modification to assess the required number of seeds for brachytherapy. Conclusion: pCT-based volume and pMRI-based volume tended to overestimate prostate volume in comparison to iTRUS-based volume. To reduce wasted seeds and cost of the brachytherapy, we should take the volume discrepancy into account when we estimate the number of $^{125}I$ seeds for permanent brachytherapy.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.422-430
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• 2020

The Korean Society of Urogenital Radiology (KSUR) aimed to present a consensus statement for patient preparation, standard technique, and pain management in relation to transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) to reduce the variability in TRUS-Bx methodologies and suggest a nationwide guideline. The KSUR guideline development subcommittee constructed questionnaires assessing prebiopsy anticoagulation, the cleansing enema, antimicrobial prophylaxis, local anesthesia methods such as periprostatic neurovascular bundle block (PNB) or intrarectal lidocaine gel application (IRLA), opioid usage, and the number of biopsy cores and length and diameter of the biopsy needle. The survey was conducted using an Internet-based platform, and responses were solicited from the 90 members registered on the KSUR mailing list as of 2018. A comprehensive search of relevant literature from Medline database was conducted. The strength of each recommendation was graded on the basis of the level of evidence. Among the 90 registered members, 29 doctors (32.2%) responded to this online survey. Most KSUR members stopped anticoagulants (100%) and antiplatelets (76%) one week before the procedure. All respondents performed a cleansing enema before TRUS-Bx. Approximately 86% of respondents administered prophylactic antibiotics before TRUS-Bx. The most frequently used antibiotics were third-generation cephalosporins. PNB was the most widely used pain control method, followed by a combination of PNB plus IRLA. Opioids were rarely used (6.8%), and they were used only as an adjunctive pain management approach during TRUS-Bx. The KSUR members mainly chose the 12-core biopsy method (89.7%) and 18G 16-mm or 22-mm (96.5%) needles. The KSUR recommends the 12-core biopsy scheme with PNB with or without IRLA as the standard protocol for TRUS-Bx. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents should be discontinued at least 5 days prior to the procedure, and antibiotic prophylaxis is highly recommended to prevent infectious complications. Glycerin cleansing enemas and administration of opioid analogues before the procedure could be helpful in some situations. The choice of biopsy needle is dependent on the practitioners' situation and preferences.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.601-605
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• 1993

This study was purposed to investigate the efficiency of protein utilization of rapeseed meal (RSM) and formaldehyde-treated RSM (TRSM) by sheep, and their influence on performance of growing heifers. Experiment 1 was conducted according to a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design involving sex yearling Hu Sheep and three experimental diets. All diets contained 600 g ammoniated rice straw and 200 g concentrate mixture. Three dietary treatments were: (1) 100 g RSM + 40 g soybean meal (URUS), (2) 100 g TRSM + 40 g soybean meal (TRUS) and (3) 100 g TRSM + 40 g treated soybean meal (TRTS). Apparent nitrogen digestibility was significantly higher for diet TRUS than that for URUS or TRTS (p<0.05), but with no significant difference between URUS and TRTS (p>0.05). Proportion of nitrogen retention (NR) to the digestible nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 25.57 (p<0.05) and 23.44% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. As a result, proportion of NR to nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 34.74 (p<0.05) and 23.78% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. Experiment 2 was conducted with 59 Holstein heifers. They were 12-20 months of age at the start of the trial. The experiment was a $2{\times}2$ factorial trial in which the heifers were given the ammoniated rice straw ad libitum and 1.5 kg hay, and supplemented with either RSM or TRSM at a daily allowance of 1.2 or 1.8 kg per day. The live weight gains for heifers receiving 1.2 and 1.8 kg/d of RSM or TRSM were 0.491 and 0.556 or 0.564 and 0.665 kg/d, respectively. The results suggest that formaldehyde treatment can effectively improve the efficiency of protein utilization of rapessed meal and cattle's performance.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.717-725
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• 2015

전립선 영상은 비용이 상대적으로 저렴한 경직장 초음파 영상을 이용하여 전립선 진단에 많이 사용된다. 경직장 초음파 영상은 3차원으로 촬영되어 여러 장으로 하나의 진단 단위가 만들어 진다. 의사는 진단을 위해 2차원 영상을 순서대로 모니터에 표시하여 볼 수도 있고, 3차원의 영상을 볼 수도 있다. 2차원 영상은 원 영상을 그대로 출력하면 되지만, 3차원 영상은 다양한 각도에서 보이기도 하고, 내부의 어떤 면을 자른 형태로도 보여야 하므로 정확하게 전립선과 배경을 구분하여야 한다. 특히 경계를 구분할 때, 전립선의 중간 부분은 상대적으로 구분하기 쉬우나, 기저부와 첨단부는 불확실한 부분이 많으므로 경계를 구분하기기 매우 어렵다. 이에, 본 논문은 평균 형상 모델을 적용하여 전립선 경계를 추출하는 방법을 제안하고, 실험을 통하여 기존의 방법에 비해 우수함을 보인다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2013

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in men and is a major cause of mortality in the most of countries. In many diagnostic and treatment procedures for prostate disease accurate detection of prostate boundaries in transrectal ultrasound(TRUS) images is required. This is a challenging and difficult task due to weak prostate boundaries, speckle noise and the short range of gray levels. In this paper a method for automatic prostate segmentation in TRUS images using Gabor feature extraction and snake-like contour is presented. This method involves preprocessing, extracting Gabor feature, training, and prostate segmentation. The speckle reduction for preprocessing step has been achieved by using stick filter and top-hat transform has been implemented for smoothing the contour. A Gabor filter bank for extraction of rotation-invariant texture features has been implemented. A support vector machine(SVM) for training step has been used to get each feature of prostate and nonprostate. Finally, the boundary of prostate is extracted by the snake-like contour algorithm. A number of experiments are conducted to validate this method and results showed that this new algorithm extracted the prostate boundary with less than 10.2% of the accuracy which is relative to boundary provided manually by experts.

• 건축구조
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2003

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공간정보시스템학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 제1권1호(통권1호)
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• pp.255-263
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• 2004

광명시 경륜 경기장은 국민 체육진흥공단에서 턴키(Turn key)공사로 발주하였고, CS구조+공간건축+대우건설, 삼성건설, 태영건설의 제출안이 당선되어 현재 시공중에 있다. 경기장의 저층부는 PC로 설계되었고, 지붕은 철골 트러스를 사용한 Dome 형상으로 이루어져 있다. 돔 지붕의 개념은 지붕에 물을 부었을 때 가장 흘러가기 쉬운 방향으로 트러스를 배치하여 유연한 힘의 흐름을 유도하는 것이다. 143.6m(폭)${\times}$183.5m(길이)${\times}$21m(높이)의 지붕엔 지붕의 개념인 Flow Truss를 물이 흐르는 방향의 방사형으로 배치하고, 내부에 압축링(Compression Ring Truss)과 외부에 인장링(Tension Ring Truss)를 설치하여 힘의 흐름을 단순화시켰고, 실내에서 보기에 플로우 트러스의 간격을 넓게 유지함으로써 개방감을 극대화시켰다. 또한 Flow Truss는 동일한 곡률과 길이로 설계하여 표준화시킴으로써 시공성과 경제성을 동시에 만족토록 하였다. 현재 저층부 시공은 거의 완료된 상황이고, 곧 지붕을 설치할 예정이다. 본 고에서는 돔 지붕의 형성 개념과 설계 과정을 살펴보고, 접합상세 등의 해결에 대해 살펴보겠다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1087-1094
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• 2020

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided systematic biopsy, the current gold standard for the detection of prostate cancer, suffers from low sensitivity for clinically significant cancer. The use of diagnostic multiparametric MRI has increased the relevance of targeted biopsy techniques such as MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy and direct (in-bore) MRI-guided biopsy, which have higher detection rate for clinically significant cancer. Although primarily used in patients who remain at high clinical suspicion for prostate cancer despite a negative systematic biopsy, with the increasing use of upfront diagnostic MRI, these biopsies are expected to replace routine systematic biopsies. This pictorial essay aims to enhance our understanding of the concepts of these biopsy techniques so that they can be performed safely and provide maximum diagnostic yield.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2010

전립선암을 조기진단하기 위한 선별검사로 혈청 전립선특이항원(serum prostate-specific antigen)과 경직장초음파검사(transrectal ultrasonography)가 널리 쓰이고 있으나 어느 한 가지 방법만으로는 진단적 정확성을 갖지 못하여 상호보완적으로 진단이 이루어지고 있다. 이 연구에서는 혈청 전립선특이항원과 경직장초음파검사에 의해 측정된 전립선용적과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구의 대상은 2008년 01월부터 2008년 12월까지 D대학병원 영상의학과에서 경직장초음파 검사를 시행한 환자들이다. 총 418명의 성인남성 중 전립선암으로 확진된 13명을 제외한 405명을 대상으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 전립선용적과 혈청 전립선특이항원은 연령이 증가함에 따라 함께 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나, 40대의 혈청 전립선특이항원 수치는 다른 연령집단에 비해 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 연령과 전립선용적, 혈청 전립선특이항원은 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 전립선용적과 혈청 전립선특이항원도 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 정리해보면 연령과 전립선용적은 혈청 전립선특이항원의 변화에 관여하였으며, 특히 전립선용적은 연령보다 혈청 전립선특이항원 상승과 더 높은 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 혈청 전립선 특이항원이 상승된 성인 남자의 평가에서 전립선용적이 중요하게 고려되어야 한다는 것을 시사하며, 경직장초음파검사는 전립선암을 진단하는 훌륭한 보조수단으로써 보다 적극적으로 경직장초음파검사를 활용한다면 전립선암을 조기에 진단하고 적절한 치료를 시행하는데 많은 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각되어진다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2016

Traditionally, in the hospital the doctors saw the TRUS images by their eyes and manually segmented the boundary between the prostate and nonprostate. But the manually segmenting process not only needed too much time but also had different boundaries according to the doctor. To cope the problems, some automatic segmentations of the prostate have been studied to generate the constant segmentation results and get the belief from patients. Besides, on detecting the boundary, the ones in the middle of all images are easy to find the boundary but the base and apex of the images are hard to do it since there are lots of uncertain boundary. Accurate detection of prostate boundaries is a challenging and difficult task due to weak prostate boundaries, speckle noises and the short range of gray levels. In this paper, we propose the method that extracts a prostate boundary using features of its directions on prostate image. As a result of our experiments, it shows that the boundary never falls short of the existing methods or human expert's segmentation. And also, its searching speed is too fast because the method searches a smaller area that other methods.