• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.179-194
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• 1998

This study focused on the body composition of Korean Basketball Players in Dual X -ray Absorptiometry. The principal subjects of this study were 10 Basketball Players who participated in the process of Dual Energy X -ray Absorptiometry at K.H. University Hospital for 8 months from Sept. 1. 1996 to April, 30. 1997. On the basis of the these measurements, the authors calculated physical indices and total fat percent. On the results of bone densitometry, the author analyzed body fat weight, body composition according to body position, bone mineral density and discerned the difference between the fatness which was calculated indirectly and which gained from the bone densitometry. 1. General Characteristics The mean age of the subjects was 20.4$\times$1.35 year. 2. Physical. Measurement The mean physical growth and development of the subjects were superior to standard value of the average Koreans 3. Body Fat by Physical Measurement Body surface area was 2.019$\times$0.111$m^2$, body volume was 74.4$\times$7.2$\ell$, body density was 1.041$\times$0.007$\ell$/kg, and body fat percent was 24.9$\times$2.9%. 4. Body Fat by Bone Densitometry Total body fat percent was 15.17$\times$2.19% and according to body position that of upper limb was 1.62%, that of lower limb was 5.55%, that of trunk was 7.06% and that of head was 1.05%. There was significant difference between the amounts of body fat from the methods used in this study; that from physical measurements and from bone densitometry method could be said most desirable. 5. Body composition According to Body Position Trunk was highest at 46.7%, lower limb was 36.0%, upper limb was 10.6%, and head was 6.7% in order. 6. Bone Mineral Content and Bone Density In bone mineral amount by body position, that of upper limb was 466.9$\times$46.4g, that of lower limb was 1,424.1$\times$154.0g, that of trunk was 1,343.0$\times$150.3g, and total bone mineral content was 3,786.8$\times$348.4g(4.78$\times$0.13%). Bone mineral density by body position, that of upper limb was 0.758$\times$0.072g/$\textrm{cm}^2$, that of lower limb was 1,342$\times$0.095g/$\textrm{cm}^2$, that of trunk was 1,169$\textrm{cm}^2$0.082g/$\textrm{cm}^2$, that of head was 1,742$\times$0.154g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and total bone mineral density was 1,204$\times$0.077g/$\textrm{cm}^2$.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.891-898
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• 2005

진도개의 기본체형에 관한 지표를 얻기 위해서 진도군에서 실시한 진도개 심사에 합격되어 전자칩이 삽입된 개를 대상으로 체형을 조사했다. 1998년 8월 현재 총 두수의 약 10%인 195마리의 백구와 황구를 선정하여 개의 기본체형을 가장 잘 표현하는 것으로 생각되는 몸통과 다리의 18개 부위를 측정하였다. 측정결과 중에 중요한 것만을 들자면, 먼저 체고는 수캐 50.67 cm, 암캐 47.48 cm로 수캐가 컸으며 모색에 따른 차이는 없었다. 이어 체장은 수캐 52.99 cm, 암캐 50.33 cm로 역시 수캐가 컸으며 모색에 따른 차이는 없었다. 마지막으로 체고 대 체장 비는 수캐 104.70, 암캐 106.08로 성이나 모색에 따른 차이는 없었다. 이 연구의 결과는 진도개의 보존 및 육성 방향의 지표로 활용될 수 있음은 물론 진도개의 표준화를 위한 형태학적 연구의 자료로도 이용될 수 있으며 아울러 체형의 주기적인 변화를 확인하는 데에도 중요한 자료가 될 것으로 믿는다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.449-452
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the coordination between trunk flexion and lower limb extension contributing to vertical propulsion during sit-to-stand (STS) at different chair heights in the elderly. Methods: Ten elderly subjects were asked to stand up at their natural speed from different chair heights : (1) $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion; (2) $100^{\circ}$ knee flexion; (3) $110^{\circ}$ knee flexion; and (4) $120^{\circ}$ knee flexion. A standard chair without a backrest or armrests was used in this study. To remove inertial effects of upper limb movements, subjects were asked to stand up from a chair with their arms crossed at the chest. Mean of results of three trials were used in the analysis at different knee flexion angles. Distances moved by the shoulder for compensatory trunk movement was recorded by motion analysis and vertical force was recorded under foot using force plates. Distances moved by the shoulder and vertical ground reaction force measurements were analyzed using repeated ANOVA. Results: Distances moved by the shoulder significantly decreased with higher chair (p<0.05). Vertical forces were not significant difference on chair heights (p>0.05), but results of pairwise comparisons for vertical force revealed significant difference between $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion and $120^{\circ}$ knee flexion (p<0.05). Conclusion: Trunk movement is probably used as a compensatory mechanism at low chair heights to increase lift-off from sitting by the elderly.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2015

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of lower limb and trunk muscles activation on seat angle and height during sit to stand and stand to sit. METHODS: Subjects were instructed to sit and stand on different angles and heights; $0^{\circ}$(43cm), $5^{\circ}$(48cm), $10^{\circ}$(51cm) and $15^{\circ}$(58cm). Measurements were conducted from sit to stand and stand to sit for external oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle activation by surface EMG. The muscle activation was measured three times for five seconds in each posture, and the %RVC value was calculated after the exclusion of one second before and after this measurement. This calculation standardized the data from each participant so it could be comparatively analyzed. RESULTS: The external oblique, tibialis anterior, and erector spinae muscles showed significant difference in $10^{\circ}$(51cm), $15^{\circ}$(58cm) and $0^{\circ}$(43cm), rectus femoris, in $15^{\circ}$(58cm) and $0^{\circ}$(43cm)(p<.05) during sit to stand. The external oblique, tibialis anterior, and rectus femoris muscles showed significant difference in $0^{\circ}$(43cm) and $15^{\circ}$(58cm), erector spinae and vastus medialis muscles showed significant difference in $10^{\circ}$(51cm), $15^{\circ}$(58cm) and $0^{\circ}$(43cm)(P<.05) during stand to sit. CONCLUSION: The present study findings indicate that the toilet seat angle and height could affect muscle activities of the lower limb and trunk.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2004

A precise understanding of the human form in static pose serves as the basis of designing clothing. When the human body is in motion, however, even an article of clothing designed to fit the human form in static pose can pull and change, thus restricting the body. In order to increase the fit of the clothing, which may be termed the second skin, its form and measurements therefore must be determined in correlation not only with the formal characteristics of the human body, in static pose but also with its functional characteristics in motion, as caused by the movements of the human body. In this study, the motion factor was selected as the primary basis for designing slacks with good fit in both static and moving states. By indentifying the areas in which lower limb movement cause significant changes in body surface lines, we suggest several application methods for designing slacks. Using unmarried female university students aged 18 - 24 as subjects, a total of 32 body surface categories (15 body surface lines and 17 body surface segment lines) were measured in one static and 9 movement poses. In particular, expansion and contraction levels and rates were measured and used in the analysis. The analysis first involved the calculation of the average measurement per body part in body surface line in static pose as well as of the average expansion and contraction levels and rates in 9 lower limb movements. Two-way MANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Tukey) were conducted on movements and individual somatotypes regarding measurement per body part and expansion and contraction rates. Body parts whose measurements of body surface lines differed significantly in body surface line in static pose versus in movement were then identified. The results of this study are as follows. First, changes in body surface lines caused by lower limb movements were significant in all body surface lines of the lower trunk, both horizontal and vertical, with the exception of abdomen girth, midway thigh girth, ankle girth, hip length, and posterior knee girth. Second, significantly expanded 10 body surface lines in moving pose were detected and illustrated in table 4. These body parts should be studied in designing or pattern designing, especially for close-fitting pants, in using stretch fabric, and in sensory evaluation of good fit during movement.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.49-63
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to study real body size and ideal body shape by considering the degree of satisfaction of body part and understanding body size by the degree of leanness/obesity. The subjects in this study were 420 males from 18 to 25 years old. Body measurements and surveys were taken and analyzed by mean, standard variation, correlation analysis, regression analysis, crosstabulation analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's Test. The results of analyses indicate that the subjects tended to be satisfied with thick chest and upper limbs, wide shoulder width, and preferred to be tall and have big hands and feet. By cluster analysis of 19 variables, the subjects were divided into 4 groups, each consisting 41, 138, 134, and 47 males. Because the 19 variables were body measurements transformed to eliminate the body size factor, this classification was considered to express how lean or how obese a human body appears. The results of one way ANOVA and Duncan's Test indicate that, according to the degree of leanness/obesity from Group I (lean tendency) to Group IV(obese tendency), characteristics of the body shape changed as follows; height became lower, limbs became shorter, trunk and limbs became thicker and weight became heavier. Also it showed that Group IV were most satisfied with chest girth, upper limb girth and shoulder width and Group I with height, hip girth and waist girth.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2021

분절다중주파수 생체전기임피던스분석법(Segmental Multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance)은 최근 체성분 검사를 위해 선호되는 검사법이다. 그러나 SMF-BIA 는 팔다리와 몸통의 임피던스를 추정하는 방법으로 정확한 사용을 위해서는 타당성에 대한 확인이 요구된다. 본 연구는 SMF-BIA 를 인체의 분절임피던스를 기준하여 분절별 임피던스의 추정값에 대한 정확도와 타당도를 검정하는데 목적하였다. 연구목적을 위해 노인 108 명을 대상으로 50kHz 주파수에서 얻어진 분절별 생체전기 임피던스값에 대하여 분절 생체임피던스 측정치 비교하였다. 실험 결과 오른쪽 팔의 저항 값은 준거값에 비해 유의한 수준으로 높았다(저항값: 35.5±6.2%, P < 0.001; 리액턴스: 2.7±7.6%, P < 0.01). 왼쪽팔, 오른쪽 다리와 왼쪽다리의 생체저항값은 준거값에 비해 모두 유의하게 높았다. 몸통의 추정값은 기준값에 비해 가장 큰 차이를 보였다(저항값: 65.4±3.2%, P < 0.001; 리액턴스: 89.2±1.8%, P < 0.001). 두 방법으로 측정한 임피던스 결과에서 사지와 전신의 생체저항값은 높은 상관관계(RA: R = 0.950 LA: R = 0.949 RL: R = 0.899, LL: R = 0.888)를 보였으며, 팔과 다리에서도 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 분절다주파수 생체임피던스는 준거와 높은 상관도와 함께 유의한 오차를 보여, 향후 오차 수준을 줄이기 위한 연구가 필요하였다.c

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of comprehensive art therapy on physical function and activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods : Ten ambulant children with diplegic (n=8) or hemiplegic (n=2) CP participated in this study. All were randomly assigned to either the art therapy group (n=5) or the control group (n=5). Both groups received physical therapy based on neurodevelopmental techniques for 20 minutes a day, 1 day a week, for a period of 12 weeks. Children in the art therapy group received additional comprehensive art therapy for 70 minutes once a week for 3 months. Tests for various measurements-Motricity Index (MI) for strength, Trunk Control Test (TCT) for trunk ability, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) for gross motor function, Denver Developmental Screening Test-II (DDST-II) for developmental milestones, Functional Independence Measure of Children (WeeFIM) for abilities to complete daily activities, Leg and Hand Ability Test (LHAT) for limb function-were performed before and after treatments. Results : The upper extremity and whole extremity strengths of MI, self-care and total scores of WeeFIM, and leg and arm functions of LHAT improved significantly only for individuals in the art therapy group after the art therapy (p<.05). The value of MI after treatment was at the upper extremity and whole extremity strengths the leg function of LHAT was also significantly improved compared to the control group (p<.05). Conclusion : This study revealed that comprehensive art therapy along with physiotherapy was effective in increasing upper extremity strength and leg ability in children with CP. This suggests that comprehensive art therapy may be a useful adjunctive therapy for children with CP.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in activation of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris when performing normal free squat with standinding position and free squat with $30^{\circ}$ flexed hip joint. Methods: Electromyograph surface electrodes were placed on the rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris of 19 healthy college students. The participants performed standing bilateral squats and standing bilateral squats with $30^{\circ}$ flexed hip joint with EMG measures taken upon initiation of muscle activity as confirmed by an electronic goniometer. Participants completed one trial with the EMG time measurements on each type. Results: There was a significant difference between normal squats(standing squats) and normal squats with $30^{\circ}$ flexed hip joint. The normal squat exercise was statistically higer than normal squat exercise with $30^{\circ}$ flexed trunk except for semitendinosus and biceps femoris that shown slightly high. Conclusions: As a result of this study, there were increases of muscle activity in both ways. In particular, it may be more beneficial for knee joint stabilization to perform normal squat exercise with standing position relatively.