• 식물병연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.202-205
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• 2017

해바라기 재배포장에서 화뢰 부분이 썩는 증상이 나타났다. 병징은 감염된 화뢰 부분이 갈변되어 줄기로 번져갔다. 감염된 화뢰의 종자에는 주황색의 포자덩어리를 관찰할 수 있었다. 병징으로부터 곰팡이를 순수 분리하여 감자 한천배지에 배양한 결과, conidiophores에 포자를 형성하여 흰색에서 분홍빛을 띠었다. Conidiophores는 단순형 또는 분지형으로 길이는 $62.5-123.1{\mu}m$였다. 분생포자는 무색의 격막이 없거나 하나 있는 둥근타원형에서 서양배 모양으로 크기는 $10.2-21.4{\times}7.5-12.6{\mu}m$였다. 이 균은 건전한 해바라기 잎에 접종하였을 때 잎에서 윤문형의 검은색 반점을 형성하였다. 균학적 특징, 병원성 검정, ITS 염기서열 분석 등의 결과를 바탕으로 Trichothecium roseum으로 동정되었으며 해바라기 분홍빛썩음병으로 명명하고자 한다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.867-879
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• 2021

Objective: Fibronectin 3 (FN3) and immunoglobulin like modules (Ig) are usually collocated beside modular cellulase catalytic domains. However, very few researches have investigated the role of these modules. In a previous study, we have sequenced and analyzed bacterial metagenomic DNA in Vietnamese goats' rumen and found that cellulase-producing bacteria and cellulase families were dominant. In this study, the properties of modular cellulases and the role of a FN3 in unique endoglucanase belonging to glycosyl hydorlase (GH) family 5 were determined. Methods: Based on Pfam analysis, the cellulases sequences containing FN3, Ig modules were extracted from 297 complete open reading frames (ORFs). The alkaline, thermostability, tertiary structure of deduced enzymes were predicted by AcalPred, TBI software, Phyre2 and Swiss models. Then, whole and truncated forms of a selected gene were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by His-tag affinity column for assessment of FN3 ability to enhance enzyme activity, solubility and conformation. Results: From 297 complete ORFs coding for cellulases, 148 sequences containing FN3, Ig were identified. Mostly FN3 appeared in 90.9% beta-glucosidases belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 3 (GH3) and situated downstream of catalytic domains. The Ig was found upstream of 100% endoglucanase GH9. Rarely FN3 was seen to be situated downstream of X domain and upstream of catalytic domain endoglucanase GH5. Whole enzyme (called XFN3GH5 based on modular structure) and truncate forms FN3, XFN3, FN3GH5, GH5 were cloned in pET22b (+) and pET22SUMO to be expressed in single and fusion forms with a small ubiquitin-related modifier partner (S). The FN3, SFN3 increased GH5 solubility in FN3GH5, SFN3GH5. The SFN3 partly served for GH5 conformation in SFN3GH5, increased modules interaction and enzyme-soluble substrate affinity to enhance SXFN3GH5, SFN3GH5 activities in mixtures. Both SFN3 and SXFN3 did not anchor enzyme on filter paper but exfoliate and separate cellulose chains on filter paper for enzyme hydrolysis. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the presence of FN3 module in certain cellulases was confirmed and it assisted for enzyme conformation and activity in both soluble and insoluble substrate.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the probability of norovirus foodborne illness by raw oyster consumption. One hundred fifty-six oyster samples were collected to examine the norovirus prevalence. The oyster samples were inoculated with murine norovirus and stored at 4℃-25℃. A plaque assay determined norovirus titers. The norovirus titers were fitted with the Baranyi model to calculate shoulder period (h) and death rate (Log PFU/g/h). These kinetic parameters were fitted to a polynomial model as a function of temperature. Distribution temperature and time were surveyed, and consumption data were surveyed. A dose-response model was also searched through literature. The simulation model was prepared with these data in @RISK to estimate the probability of norovirus foodborne. One sample of 156 samples was norovirus positive. Thus, the initial contamination level was estimated by the Beta distribution (2, 156), and the level was -5.3 Log PFU/g. The developed predictive models showed that the norovirus titers decreased in oysters under the storage conditions simulated with the Uniform distribution (0.325, 1.643) for time and the Pert distribution (10, 18, 25) for temperature. Consumption ratio of raw oyster was 0.98%, and average consumption amount was 1.82 g, calculated by the Pert distribution [Pert {1.8200, 1.8200, 335.30, Truncate (0, 236.8)}]. ₁F₁ hypergeometric dose-response model [1 - (1 + 2.55 × 10^-3 × dose)^-0.086] was appropriate to evaluate dose-response. The simulation showed that the probability of norovirus foodborne illness by raw oyster consumption was 5.90 × 10^-10 per person per day. The annual socioeconomic cost of consuming raw oysters contaminated with norovirus was not very high.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2023

CAM 식물은 야간에 기공을 열어 CO₂를 흡수하는 식물로 환기하지 않는 야간에 시설 내 발생한 잉여 CO₂를 광합성에 이용할 수 있다. 게발선인장은 다화성으로, 엽상경 수가 많을수록 상품성이 높아진다. 본 연구는 게발선인장의 야간 CO₂ 시비 적용 가능성을 파악하기 위하여 생육 적정 환경인 생육상과 실제 농가의 환경에 따른 온실에서 엽상경별 광합성 특성을 조사하였다. 생육상 내 게발선인장 상위 엽상경은 주간에만 CO₂ 흡수를 하는 C₃ 특성을 보였으며, 2차 엽상경은 주/야간 모두 CO₂ 흡수를 하는 C₃-CAM 특성을 보였다. 온실에서 상위 엽상경은 CO₂ 흡수를 하지 않았으나, 2차 엽상경은 야간에 CO₂ 흡수를 하는 CAM 특성을 보였다. 생육상 내 게발선인장의 기공전도도와 수분이용효율은 온실 내 식물에 비하여 모든 엽상경에서 높은 값을 나타냈다. 게발선인장의 수분이용효율은 생육상과 온실에서 모두 CAM 특성이 나타나는 2차 엽상경에서 상위 엽상경에 비하여 높았다. 일일 총 CO₂ 흡수율은 온실 내 식물에 비하여 생육상 내 식물에서 더 높게 나타났으며, 생육상 내 게발선인장의 2차 엽상경에서 값이 155mmol·m^-2 ·d^-1로 가장 높았다. 게발선인장 '핑크듀'는 성숙한 엽상경에서 야간에 CO₂ 흡수가 활발히 일어나는 CAM 특성을 나타낸다. 다화성으로 시장성이 높은 게발선인장 '핑크듀'는 적정 환경과 성숙한 엽상경에서 효율적인 야간 탄소흡수가 가능한 식물이다.