• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2002년도 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

Accurate quantitative forecasting of rainfall for basins with a short response time is essential to predict streamflow and flash floods. Previously, neural networks were used to develop a Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting (QPF) model that highly improved forecasting skill at specific locations in Pennsylvania, using both Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) output and rainfall and radiosonde data. The objective of this study was to improve an existing artificial neural network model and incorporate the evolving structure and frequency of intense weather systems in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States for improved flood forecasting. Besides using radiosonde and rainfall data, the model also used the satellite-derived characteristics of storm systems such as tropical cyclones, mesoscale convective complex systems and convective cloud clusters as input. The convective classification and tracking system (CCATS) was used to identify and quantify storm properties such as life time, area, eccentricity, and track. As in standard expert prediction systems, the fundamental structure of the neural network model was learned from the hydroclimatology of the relationships between weather system, rainfall production and streamflow response in the study area. The new Quantitative Flood Forecasting (QFF) model was applied to predict streamflow peaks with lead-times of 18 and 24 hours over a five year period in 4 watersheds on the leeward side of the Appalachian mountains in the mid-Atlantic region. Threat scores consistently above .6 and close to 0.8 ∼ 0.9 were obtained fur 18 hour lead-time forecasts, and skill scores of at least 4％ and up to 6％ were attained for the 24 hour lead-time forecasts. This work demonstrates that multisensor data cast into an expert information system such as neural networks, if built upon scientific understanding of regional hydrometeorology, can lead to significant gains in the forecast skill of extreme rainfall and associated floods. In particular, this study validates our hypothesis that accurate and extended flood forecast lead-times can be attained by taking into consideration the synoptic evolution of atmospheric conditions extracted from the analysis of large-area remotely sensed imagery While physically-based numerical weather prediction and river routing models cannot accurately depict complex natural non-linear processes, and thus have difficulty in simulating extreme events such as heavy rainfall and floods, data-driven approaches should be viewed as a strong alternative in operational hydrology. This is especially more pertinent at a time when the diversity of sensors in satellites and ground-based operational weather monitoring systems provide large volumes of data on a real-time basis.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권spc3호
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• pp.349-358
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• 2011

In order to ascertain latitudinal variation of lipid contents and compositions in copepods, we collected warm water copepod species (Euchaeta sp. and Pleuromamma spp.) from four different regions from low (sub-tropical) to mid (temperate) latitudes in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Total lipid contents of Pleuromamma spp. were about 11 $ug{\cdot}ind^{-1}$ with little latitudinal variation, whereas Euchaeta sp. showed slightly higher lipid content (20 $ug{\cdot}ind^{-1}$) than Pleuromamma spp. with latitudinal gradient (low at subtropic and high at temperate). Wax esters, known as the major storage lipid classes, were found to be the dominant lipid classes (accounting for more than 35% of total lipids) in Euchaeta sp., whereas in Pleuromamma spp., phospholipids, known as cellular membrane components, were the dominant lipid classes. However, the exception was specimens from warm pool region exhibiting dominance in storage of lipids as a form of triacylglycerols. Among fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA : 22:6(n-3)) (about 35% of total fatty acids), were most abundant in Euchaeta sp., while saturated fatty acids (SAFA), specially hexadecanoic acid (16:0) (about 30% of total fatty acids), were most abundant in Pleuromamma spp.. Among the neutral fraction of lipids, phytol, originated from the side chain of chlorophyll, was found in all samples which generally indicate active copepods feeding on algae. While only trace amounts of short-chain fatty alcohols were found in Pleuromamma spp., significant amounts of fatty alcohols were found in Euchaeta sp.. Particularly, significant amounts of long chain monounsaturated fatty alcohols (20:1 and 22:1), generally found in cold water species, were found in Euchaeta sp. from low latitudes. The latitudinal variation of trophic lipid markers in these copepods could be significantly related with in-situ food availability and species-specific diet preference. The result of this study suggests that the lipid contents and compositions in copepods may not only indicate their nutritional condition and feeding ecology but also provide insight into species-specific living strategies under different environmental conditions (i.e. water temperature, food availability).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1487-1494
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• 2009

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays well-defined roles in eliciting immune responses and combating infectious diseases. The major histocompatibility complex of cattle is referred to as BoLA (Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen). This genetic system is among the most polymorphic. In the present study, polymorphism of the BoLA- DRB3.2 locus in three Bos indicus breeds viz., Sahiwal, Rathi and Hariana was studied by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism technique using the enzymes RsaI, Bst Y1 and Hae III. Both Sahiwal and Rathi are good Indian dairy breeds and survive under tough tropical conditions, while Hariana is a prominent dual-purpose breed reared both as a dairy animal and for bullock production. A total of 30 different BoLADRB3.2 alleles were observed to be present in the 3 Bos indicus breeds. Certain alleles were common amongst the three breeds while there were others that were unique to each breed. Allelic distribution amongst the three breeds showed that each breed had a unique allelic distribution pattern that was different from each other and also different from the earlier breeds studied so far for the existence of allelic variation at this locus. A dendogram was constructed based on the frequencies of the BoLA-DRB3 alleles using the UPGMA method. The Rathi and Hariana animals were genetically the most apart. The Hariana animals clustered on a different branch from the other two breeds viz. the Rathi and the Sahiwal. The smallest genetic distances for the DRB3 alleles were those between Sahiwal and Rathi (0.5461) while genetic distance between Hariana and Sahiwal was 0.6123. A comparison of the allelic frequencies of the BoLADRB3.2 locus in these 3 breeds viz. Sahiwal, Hariana and Rathi with the allelic frequencies present in the previously characterized Bos indicus Kankrej breed, which is a dual purpose breed reared both as a draught and a dairy animal, showed that the Bos indicus Sahiwal and Rathi breeds clustered into one group while the Hariana and Kankrej breeds formed another group. The Rathi and Sahiwal showed the least genetic distance of 0.5461 amongst the breeds whereas the Rathi and Kankrej, with a Nei''s genetic distance of 1.1622, were genetically the most distant apart.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7045-7056
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• 2013

Since the first report of RNA interference (RNAi) less than a decade ago, this type of molecular intervention has been introduced to repress gene expression in vitro and also for in vivo studies in mammals. Understanding the mechanisms of action of synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) underlies use as therapeutic agents in the areas of cancer and viral infection. Recent studies have also promoted different theories about cell-specific targeting of siRNAs. Design and delivery strategies for successful treatment of human diseases are becomingmore established and relationships between miRNA and RNAi pathways have been revealed as virus-host cell interactions. Although both are well conserved in plants, invertebrates and mammals, there is also variabilityand a more complete understanding of differences will be needed for optimal application. RNA interference (RNAi) is rapid, cheap and selective in complex biological systems and has created new insight sin fields of cancer research, genetic disorders, virology and drug design. Our knowledge about the role of miRNAs and siRNAs pathways in virus-host cell interactions in virus infected cells is incomplete. There are different viral diseases but few antiviral drugs are available. For example, acyclovir for herpes viruses, alpha-interferon for hepatitis C and B viruses and anti-retroviral for HIV are accessible. Also cancer is obviously an important target for siRNA-based therapies, but the main problem in cancer therapy is targeting metastatic cells which spread from the original tumor. There are also other possible reservations and problems that might delay or even hinder siRNA-based therapies for the treatment of certain conditions; however, this remains the most promising approach for a wide range of diseases. Clearly, more studies must be done to allow efficient delivery and better understanding of unwanted side effects of siRNA-based therapies. In this review miRNA and RNAi biology, experimental design, anti-viral and anti-cancer effects are discussed.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 1974

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 우리나라에서 열대(熱帶)및 아열대(亞熱帶) 지방(地方)에서 재배(栽培)되고 있는 풀버섯[Volvariella volvacea(Bull. ex Fr.) Sing.]의 재배(栽培) 가능성(可能性)및 다수확방법(多收穫方法)을 구명(究明)코자 실시(實施)되었다. 1. 우리나라에 있어서 재배적기(栽培適期)는 6월말경(月末頃)부터 8월말(月末)의 2개월(個月) 내외(內外)의 기간(期間)이었다. 2. 볏짚은 5일간(日間) 수침(水浸)한 후 재배사내(栽培舍內)에서 정열(頂熱)($60^{\circ}C$. 6시간(時間))후(後) $55^{\circ}C$ 내외(內外)에서 6일간(日間) 후발효(後醱酵)한 것이 야외퇴적(野外堆積)한 후 후발효(後醱酵)시킨 것보다 증수(增收)되었다. 3. 5일간(日間) 수침(水浸)한 볏짚을 6일간(日間) 후발효(後醱酵)하여 배지(培地)를 만들고 종균접종(種菌接種) 7일(日) 후(後)에 양토(壤土)로서 복토(覆土)하였을 때 볏짚 100kg당 20.49kg으로 가장 높은 수량(收量)을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2013

One of the most important challenges facing the Spirulina mass cultivation industry is to find a way to reduce the high production costs involved in production. Although the most commercial medium (Zarrouk's medium) for Spirulina cultivation is too expensive to use, it contains higher amount of $NaHCO_3$ (16.80 g $L^{-1}$), trace metals and vitamin solutions. The purpose of this study was to increase the efficiency of Spirulina platensis biomass production by developing a low-cost culture medium at an isolated tropical island such as Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). This study set out to formulate a lowcost medium for the culture of S. platensis, by substituting nutrients of Zarrouk's medium using fertilizer- grade urea and soil extract with a different concentration of carbon source under natural weather condition. In order to select a low-cost culture medium of S. platensis, 10 culture media were prepared with different concentrations of nitrogen (urea and $NaNO_3$) and $NaHCO_3$. The highest maximum specific growth rate (${\mu}max$) and mass production were 0.50 $day^{-1}$ and 1.05 g $L^{-1}$ in modified medium ($NaHCO_3$ 7.50 g $L^{-1}$, urea 2.00 g $L^{-1}$ without $NaNO_3$) among all the synthesized media. Protein (56.14%) and carbohydrate (16.21%) concentrations of the lyophilized standard samples were estimated with highest concentration of glutamic acid (14.93%). This study revealed that the use of a low concentration of urea and $NaHCO_3$ with soil extract was an affordable medium for natural mass cultivation in the FSM.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.341-351
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• 2019

본 연구는 2018년 충북 괴산군 유기농업연구소에서 노지재배의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 수경재배 기술의 일환으로 명월초 유기 수경재배 시 천연배지 종류가 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 최적의 천연배지를 선발하고자 수행하였다. 실험에 사용한 유기양액은 생육증 진용 유기농자재로 등록된 시판자재 34종을 성분 분석한 후 2종을 혼합하여 사용하였으며, pH 5.5~6.5, EC 0.5~1.0 ds/m로 5월 20일부터 1일 1회, 회 당 50 L씩 점적관수(Ø13 mm, Nam Kyung Co.)를 이용하여 처리하였다. 명월초 정식 후 5월~6월 중순까지 배지별 근권의 최저 온도는 코코피트가 포함된 배지의 최저온도가 다른 배지에 비해 높은 경향을 나타내었으며, 상대적으로 펄라이트가 포함된 배지의 최저온도가 다른 배지에 비해 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 혼합배지를 제외한 단용 배지별 최저온도는 코코피트 배지가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 그 다음이 버미큘라이트 배지, 펄라이트 배지가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 명월초 정식 후 50일의 천연배지 조성에 따른 초기 생육특성(초장, 엽수, 엽장, 엽폭)은 버미큘라이트 배지에서 가장 우수하게 나타났다. 천연배지 조성별 명월초 수량은 버미큘라이트 배지와 코코피트 : 버미큘라이트 : 펄라이트(2:1:1) 혼합배지가 가장 우수하게 나타났다. 주요 항산화 성분인 총 폴리페놀의 함량은 버미큘라이트 배지에서 1.45 mg g^-1으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서, 천연배지 조성에 따른 명월초 생육, 수량 및 총 폴리페놀 함량 등을 비교했을 때 버미큘라이트 단용 배지가 유기 수경재배 시 천연배지로 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2018

Brazzein은 열대식물인 P. brazzeana Baillon의 과실에서 분리된 가장 작은 감미단백질로 토착민들의 단맛원료로 사용되어 왔다. Brazzein은 sucrose보다 분자량 기준으로 500 ~ 2000배, 몰 기준으로 9500배 당도가 높아 감미료로써 매우 높은 평가를 받고 있다. 그러나 이 감미단백질은 재배가 어렵고 생산 비용이 높아서 brazzein 단백질의 이용 가능성을 높이기 위한 대체 생산 시스템으로 형질전환 식물체 육성 하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 brazzein 관련 유전자를 벼에 도입하기 위하여 식물형질전환용 Ti-plasmid에 $2{\times}CaMV\;35S$ 프로모터에 의해 지배되어 발현하도록 하고, 선발 마커로 bar 유전자가 삽입된 식물발현 벡터를 구축하여 A. tumefaciens EHA105에 형질전환시켜 17개의 재분화 식물체를 육성하였다. 17개 재분화 식물체는 PCR 및 RT-PCR 분석을 통하여 유전자 도입 및 발현을 확인하였으며, TaqMan PCR을 통해 single copy로 도입된 T0 세대 9개체를 선발하였다. 또한 FST 분석을 통하여 도입 유전자가 intergenic으로 삽입된 개체 5개를 선발하였다. 이들 5개체를 이용하여 western blot 분석에 의해 단백질 발현량을 분석한 결과 선발된 모든 개체에서 발현 밴드를 확인하였다. 그 중 brazzein 단백질의 발현량이 높은 개체를 TG11으로 계통화하여 후대 종자를 육성하였다. TG11 계통은 천연 감미료 brazzein을 생산하는 새로운 벼 품종을 개발하기 위한 육종 소재로 활용 가능하다고 시사된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1656-1665
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of stress during slaughter of beef cattle on physiological parameters, carcass, and meat quality at a Federal Inspection Type slaughterhouse located in the southeast of Mexico. Methods: A total of 448 carcasses of male Zebu×European steers with an average age of 36 months were included. Carcass assessment of presence of bruises and bruise characteristics was carried out on each half-carcass. Blood variable indicators of stress (packed cell volume, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, glucose, cortisol concentration) and meat quality parameters (pH, color, shear force, drip loss) were evaluated. Results: Of the 448 carcasses evaluated, 81% of the carcasses showed at least one bruise; one bruise was detected in 36.6% and two bruises in 27.0% of animals. Of the 775 bruises found, 69.2% of the bruises were grade 1 in region 3. Of the 448 carcasses studied, 69.6% showed hyperglycemia (6.91 mmol/L); 44.3% and 22.7% showed high (74.7 ng/mL) and extremely high (108.8 ng/mL) cortisol levels, respectively, indicative of inadequate handling of animals during preslaughter and slaughter. Of the carcasses evaluated, 90.4% had a pH ≥5.8 with an average of pH 6.3. In both pH groups, meat samples showed L^⋆ values >37.0 (81.6%) and a shear force >54.3 N; meat pH≥5.8 group showed a drip loss of 2.5%. These findings were indicative of dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat. According to principal component analysis, grades 1 and 2 bruises in region 3 and grade 1 bruises in region 5 were highly associated with cortisol, drip loss, and color parameters b^⋆ and h^⋆ and were negatively associated with L^⋆, a^⋆, and C^⋆. Conclusion: The bruises probably caused by stress-inducing situations triggered DFD meat. Appropriate changes in handling routines in operating conditions should be made to minimize stress to animals during the slaughter process to improve animal welfare and meat quality.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.375-381
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• 2018

본 연구는 시설재배 아스파라거스를 대상으로 dinotefuran 수화제(10%)의 잔류특성을 규명하고, 그에 따른 안전사용기준 설정의 기초자료를 확보하고자 수행하였다. Dinotefuran의 잔류량은 7-8월 시설재배지의 아스파라거스를 입경 전과 후 상태가 되도록 제작하고, 수확 7일전 약제 2,000배 희석액을 1회 살포하여 1-2일 간격으로 5회에 거쳐 어린 순을 수확한 후 분석하였다. Dinotefuran의 분석에는 HPLC-UVD를 이용하였으며, 아스파라거스에서 dinotefuran 잔류분석법의 유효성은 두 수준 농도(0.5 및 1.0 mg/kg)의 회수율을 분석하여 평가하였다. 그 결과, dinotefuran의 정량한계는 0.01 mg/kg이었고, 분석법의 회수율은 두 수준 농도 각각 $83.3{\pm}0.4%$(변이계수 0.4%)와 $94.0{\pm}0.5%$(변이계수 0.5%)로 양호하였다. 입경 전 아스파라거스의 dinotefuran 잔류량은 약제 살포 후 5일이 경과하였을 때 유사농산물(엽경채류) 잔류허용기준 최저치를 기준으로 설정한 잠정잔류허용기준(0.05 mg/kg) 보다 낮은 수준(0.02-0.04 mg/kg)을 보였고, 입경 후 아스파라거스에서는 약제 살포 후 3일이 경과하였을 때 잠정잔류허용기준보다 낮은 수준(<0.01 mg/kg)을 보였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 7-8월 시설재배지의 아스파라거스에 dinotefuran 수화제(10%)를 수확 7일전에 1회 살포하는 것은 아스파라거스의 농약잔류 안전성에 문제가 되지 않을 것으로 판단되었으며, 본 연구결과는 아스파라거스에 대한 dinotefuran의 안전사용기준을 설정하는데 중요한 기초자료가 될것으로 사료되어진다.