• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2011

To elucidate the taxonomic status of the genus Megaleranthis Ohwi, a monotype in Korea, its distribution and morphological characteristics were studied and a cluster analysis was performed. The cluster analysis showed that Megaleranthis was separately clustered from Trollius and Calathodes. Megaleranthis is morphologically different from Calathodes Hook.f. et Thomson in having petals, and from Trollius L. in having an involucre instead of a caulescent leaf under the flower and follicles with simple veins. The three genera above are distributed independently within Asia, although they can be found together at the boundaries where their distributions overlap: Trollius and Calathodes occur together between the Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in China, and Megaleranthis and Trollius can both be found on the northern edge of the Korean Peninsula. From both a morphological and a distributional viewpoint, Megaleranthis should be recognized as an independent genus different from both Trollius and Calathodes.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1999

Monophyly and intergeneric relationships of the tribe Helleboreae, sensu Tamura, and related genera were studied using a 1,100-bp segment at the 5'end of the 26S ribosomal RNA gene. Forty-one OTUs, including eight species of the Helleboreae, were either directly sequenced or obtained from previous publications. Data were analyzed using distance and discrete character methods to infer phylogenetic relationships among the included taxa. The inferred phylogeny did not support monophyly of either Helleboreae or Cimicifugeae whose members were intermixed in our inferred phylogeny. This result is congruent with our previous study, which recommended against finely subdividing, suprageneric higher taxa within the R-chromosome group (subfamily Ranuncluloideae, sensu lato) until more molecular data were accumulated. Our data convincingly suggest the presence of the following three monophyletic groups: the Cimicifuga group (the clade of Actaea, Cimicifuga, Souliea, Eranthis, Anemonopsis, and Beesia), the Trollius group (the clade of Trollius, Megaleranthis, Adonis), and a clade including Anemonopsis and Beesia. Our data also suggest that Trollius and Megaleranthis might be congeners and Eranthis a paraphyletic group.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2008

Anatomical features of seed coat were examined on Trollius, Calathodes, and Caltha of Ranunculaceae to evaluate the taxonomic circumscription of Megaleranthis saniculifolia, which is monotypic and endemic in Korea. Megaleranthis saniculifolia showed the exotestal type of seed coat exhibiting a well-developed palisade structure in exotesta and its external surface of exotesta cells was concave. On the other hand, the shape of exotesta cells in Caltha was cuboidal and the outer surface was smooth. The exotesta of Calathodes seeds was formed of the palisade structure like M. saniculifolia, but the outer surface of exotesta cells was smooth. The palisade structure was much better developed in the exotesta of Calathodes as well as Megaleranthis seeds than in the exotesta of Trollius seeds. The outer surface of exotesta cells in Trollius was either convex or concave according to the species examined. Since the genera of the subtribe Calthinae of the family display differences in seed sculpturing and the anaotmy of seed coat, these characteristics are useful to access taxonomic relationships among them. The morphological and anatomical features of seed coat suggest that Megaleranthis be possibly allied with Trollius rather than Caltha or Calathodes. Concave surface of seed coat cells and well-developed palisade structure of exotesta are shared by M. saniculifolia and some species of Trollius in common.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.365-381
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• 2009

The chloroplast DNA sequences of Megaleranthis saniculifolia, an endemic and monotypic endangered plant species, were completed in this study (GenBank FJ597983). The genome is 159,924 bp in length. It harbors a pair of IR regions consisting of 26,608 bp each. The lengths of the LSC and SSC regions are 88,326 bp and 18,382 bp, respectively. The structural organizations, gene and intron contents, gene orders, AT contents, codon usages, and transcription units of the Megaleranthis chloroplast genome are similar to those of typical land plant cp DNAs. However, the detailed features of Megaleranthis chloroplast genomes are substantially different from that of Ranunculus, which belongs to the same family, the Ranunculaceae. First, the Megaleranthis cp DNA was 4,797 bp longer than that of Ranunculus due to an expanded IR region into the SSC region and duplicated sequence elements in several spacer regions of the Megaleranthis cp genome. Second, the chloroplast genomes of Megaleranthis and Ranunculus evidence 5.6% sequence divergence in the coding regions, 8.9% sequence divergence in the intron regions, and 18.7% sequence divergence in the intergenic spacer regions, respectively. In both the coding and noncoding regions, average nucleotide substitution rates differed markedly, depending on the genome position. Our data strongly implicate the positional effects of the evolutionary modes of chloroplast genes. The genes evidencing higher levels of base substitutions also have higher incidences of indel mutations and low Ka/Ks ratios. A total of 54 simple sequence repeat loci were identified from the Megaleranthis cp genome. The existence of rich cp SSR loci in the Megaleranthis cp genome provides a rare opportunity to study the population genetic structures of this endangered species. Our phylogenetic trees based on the two independent markers, the nuclear ITS and chloroplast MatK sequences, strongly support the inclusion of the Megaleranthis to the Trollius. Therefore, our molecular trees support Ohwi's original treatment of Megaleranthis saniculifolia to Trollius chosenensis Ohwi.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2022

기온, 강수량 등 기후변화에 따른 식물 멸종이 증가함에 따라 기후변화에 민감한 북방계식물의 중요성이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구 대상종의 큰금매화(Trollius chinensis)는 북한 및 북방계 식물로 고산 초지에서 자생하는 미나리아재비과 여러해살이풀이며, 기후변화에 직·간접적인 영향을 받고 있는 실정이다. 이에, 큰금매화의 발아조건을 규명하여 종 복원과 대량증식법 개발을 위한 기초자료를 확보하는 데 목적이 있다. 종자의 형태학적 특성은 원형~계란형(circular~obovate)에 작은 돌기가 겹겹이 있는(Colliculate) 형태였으며, 종피는 진갈색이다. 크기는 길이 1.37±0.741mm, 너비 0.81±0.531mm이었다. 종자의 단면을 확인한 결과, 배는 작은 선형태(Axial-miniature)이었으며, 종자는 91%의 충실도를 보였으며 TZ 테스트에서 모두 배가 전체적으로 붉은색으로 염색되어 양호한 활력을 보였다. 처리구별 발아실험 전 종자 소독은 파종 전 70% 에탄올 처리 후 2%의 NaOCl을 넣어 10분 동안 소독 후 멸균수로 5회 수세하고 멸균수를 제거하여 침지처리에 사용하였다. 발아실험 결과 종자의 최종발아율(FGP)은 15/6℃ GA3 1000mg·L^-1 처리에서 40.0%로 가장 높았다. 평균발아일수(MGT)는 15/6℃ 무처리에서 22.8일로 가장 높았으며, 최종발아일의 평균은 약 9.5일로 확인되었다. 대부분 GA3 처리에서 최종발아율(FGP)이 20% 이상 높게 나타났으며, GA3 500mg·L^-1 보다는 GA3 1000mg·L^-1의 조건에서 3.3~5.5% 최종발아율(FGP)이 향상된 것으로 확인되었다. 한편, 온도 조건 25/15℃ 무처리에서는 발아가 확인되지 않았다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2024

This study was conducted to determine the conditions for breaking dormancy in the seeds of the North Korean plant resource, Trollius macropetalus, and to investigate its germination characteristics. The morphological characteristics and viability of T. macropetalus seeds were examined. Germination characteristics were investigated based on temperature conditions (15/6℃ & 25/15℃), cold stratification treatment, and GA₃ treatment. The results showed that cold stratification treatment had no effect on breaking the dormancy of T. macropetalus. GA₃ treatment significantly increased the germination rate of T. macropetalus and also improved the mean germination days and germination speed. However, compared to the 15/6℃ condition, the effectiveness of GA₃ treatment for T. macropetalus decreased under the 25/15℃ condition. It was determined that T. macropetalus have a nondeep-type morpho-physiological dormancy. The most effective conditions for breaking dormancy were found to be the 15/6℃ temperature condition and GA₃ treatment at 500 mg·L^-1. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable information for the mass propagation of T. macropetalus, which has potential applications in landscaping and pharmaceutical materials.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2002

The alpine grassland vegetation at the west slope of Cheungseuk-bong on Mt. Paektu was investigated by Penound-Howard's cover-degree method. The floristic composition of the alpine grassland from 1,800m altitude to the top of mountain were 30 species, 2 subspecies, and 3 varieties, and most of the plants were short(height 2∼13㎝) perennial herbs and shrubs. The highest cover degree of the species in the alpine grassland zone were Ligularia jamesii, Veratrum patulum and Thalictrum aquilegifolium (1,800∼2,l00m), Vaccnium uliginosum and Rhododendron aureum (2,100∼2,l00m), and Rhododendron aureum (2,300∼2,600m). Life form of the plants were 7 species of Chamaephyte, 27 species of Hernicryptophyte, and 1 species of Geophyte. Among the presented plants, 19 species were at flowering stage. Trollius hondoemsis, Trollius japonicus, Liguiaria jamesii and Lloydia serotina were peak at flowering.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2003

This study was executed by China along with the Tumen river, which formed border of North Korea and China. As a result 91 family, 282 genera, 363 species, 57 variety 4 species, total 424 taxa of vascular plants were identified. The examination area was include the region that had various vegetation such as upper swampy land, seashore dune, a river, a high mountain grassy plain, deciduous tree zone, evergreen coniferous forest zone. The followings are representative plants, which found in an examination area but not in South Korea. Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelini var. principis-ruprechtii, Betula playphylla, Ulmus pumila, Populus koreana, Ledum palustre var. diversipilosum, Rhododendron parvifolium, Salix brachypoda, Phacelurus latifolius, Carex gotoi, Carex capricornis, Calla palustris, Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila, Lilium davuricum, Astragalus membranaceus, Trifolium lupinaster, Ledebourieila seselodeds, Polemonium racemosum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Linnaea borealis, Thladiantha dubia, Inula helenium, Trollius hondoensis, Hypocaeris ciliata, Aconitum kirinense, Aconitum arcuatum, Potentilla viscosa var. macrophylla. And there are 21 rare and endangered species, which Korean Forest Sevice designated, such as Aconitum koreanum, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Polygonatum stenophyllum, Drosera rotundifolia, Iris setosa, Jeffersonia dubia, Lilium davuricum, Lilium cernum, Paeonia obovata, Penthorum chinense, Phacelurus latifolius, Rosa marretii, Sparganium stoloniferum, Thymus quinquecostatus, Trillium tschonoskii, Utricularia japonica, Tripterospermum japonicum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, etc. Especially, plants like, Acanthopanax senticosus, Jeffersonia dubia and Lillum cernum which have high values of ornamental, and medical use are in an extinction crisis. High swampy land was formed to upper stream of Tumen river. It showed representative vegitation, like Carex sp., Scirpus radirans, Eriophorum latifolium. Wetlands plant and a dune plant were mixed in down stream area of Tumen river. On a dune, seashore plants, such as Carex kobomugi, Salsola collina, Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides, Rosa rugosa, Scutellaria strigillosa, Linaria japonica, Phacelurus latifolius were appeared frequently.