• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1998

In order to clarify the effect of equivalence ratio and kinds of fule in flame structure, a numerical simulation of triple flame developed in a co-flowing methane-air and air stream was carried out by the elementary chemical reaction mechanism. The following conclusions were obtained. Equivalence ratio at which the apparent burning velocity is maximum is a little larger than that of the one-dimensional premixed flame. Apparent burning velocities are two times higher than that of the one-dimensional premixed flame for the methane-air. The flame thrusts out forward in the downstream of the boundary between mixture and air stream, and a part of the flow is bent and forks out in this protruding flame so that a triple flame is originated; this triple flame is composed of fuel rich and lean premixed flame branches and a diffusion flame branch. Near the equivalence ratio at which the burning velocity of rule-dimensional premixed flame is the largest the effect of one-dimensional premixed flame becomes large and the fuel rich premixed flame advances and becomes vertical to the flow direction.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.768-773
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• 2010

In this paper, we study on an optimal design of a triple-band PIFA (Planar Inverted-F Antenna) of 433 MHz, 912 MHz and 2.45 GHz by using evolution strategy. Generally, the resonant frequency of the PIFA is determined by the width and length of a U-type slot used. However the resonant frequencies of the multiple U slots are varied by the mutual effect of the slots. Thus the optimal width and length of U-type slots are determined by using an optimal design program based on the evolution strategy. To achieve this, an interface program between a commercial EM analysis tool and the optimal design program is constructed for implementing the evolution strategy technique that seeks a global optimum of the objective function through the iterative design process consisting of variation and reproduction. The resonant frequencies of initial model are 439.5 MHz, 981.5 MHz and 2.563 GHz. However, the resonant frequencies of the triple-band PIFA yielded by the optimal design program are 430.5 MHz, 907 MHz and 2.4515 GHz. Measured resonant frequencies are 433.5 MHz, 905.5 MHz and 2.454GHz, which show a good agreement with the simulation results.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 1997

It was well known that arthrodesis of the tarsal joint is an exellent procedure to correct the flatfoot deformity for relieving pain. Recently, concept of the selective tarsal joint fusion instead of the triple fusion was developedto preserve the joint motion. To investigate and compare the effect of the each different tarsal fusion, we measured the strain at the spring ligament, medial roof of the medial longitudianl arch. Five fresh frozen cadevar foot specimens, with distal half of the tibia were utilized. The superomedial portion of the spring ligament complex was dissected from the origin to the insertion. For each specimen, a calibrated open liquid metal strain guage was secured along the length of the superomedial portion. Under the specially devised test rig, measurement of the strain was taken at each test condition from the tare weight 18.2 lb followed by 38.2 lb., 82.2 lb and a maximum loads of 134.6 lb. : 1) unfused condition, 2) isolated subtalar fusion 3) isolated talonavicular fusion 4) combined subtalar and talonavicular fusion 5) triple fusion. Statistics showed that siginificant reduction in strain following the triple fusion, and from the subtalar fusion to triple fusion.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2014

3-컬럼의 트리플 테이블로 구성되는 트리플 데이터베이스의 질의 처리는 고비용이 드는데, 단축 경로는 그 비용을 감소시키는 방법으로 알려졌다. 어떠한 단축 경로를 선택 구성할지는 주요한 문제이며, 질의 빈도를 기반으로 단축 경로 이득을 계산하는 방식이 주로 사용된다. 하지만 이러한 방식은 트리플 데이터의 추가 혹은 변경을 적절히 반영하지 못한다. 본 논문에서는 질의 처리 시간 단축 측면뿐 아니라 경로 구축 및 유지 비용도 고려하는 이득 모델을 다룬다. 이득 모델은 이득 함수로 설계되어 단축 경로 선택 기법에 적용된다. 이득 함수 구성 인자가 미치는 영향을 실세계 트리플 데이터를 사용해 실험 분석한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.585-592
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• 2022

Treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been limited due to the lack of molecular targets. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of hydroxyzine, a histamine H1 receptor antagonist in human triple-negative breast cancer BT-20 and HCC-70 cells. Hydroxyzine inhibited the growth of cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. The annexin V/propidium iodide double staining assay showed that hydroxyzine induced apoptosis. The hydroxyzine-induced apoptosis was accompanied down-regulation of cyclins and CDKs, as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) without cell cycle arrest. The effect of hydroxyzine on the induction of ROS and apoptosis on TNBC cells was prevented by pre-treatment with ROS scavengers, N-acetyl cysteine or Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, indicating that an increase in the generation of ROS mediated the apoptosis induced by hydroxyzine. Western blot analysis showed that hydroxyzine-induced apoptosis was through down-regulation of the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 by hydroxyzine treatment. In addition, hydroxyzine induced the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK. Our results indicate that hydroxyzine induced apoptosis via mitochondrial superoxide generation and the suppression of JAK2/STAT3 signaling.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권6_2호
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• pp.1163-1169
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• 2023

In this study, the flow characteristics of the filter system were analyzed due to the effect of the density of the filter in the triple filter system. Flow analysis was performed as a flow passing through a porous medium. The flow characteristics of each filter system were analyzed by arranging filters with different densities in the forward flow flow and the reverse flow. The arrangement order of the triple filters was excellent in the case of forward fluid flow and in the case of higher density from the inside to the outside filter. In the reverse flow filter system, the performance of the system was the best in the case of reverse order filter arrangement. As a result of the analysis, Case II, which showed a pressure drop rate of 5.65% for forward flow, was the best in the reverse direction with a pressure drop rate of 14.25%. Considering reverse and forward flows, it was found that the optimal filter arrangement was most effective when the intermediate filter was the densest, and the inner or outer filter was less dense.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2017

Quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid found in fruits, vegetables and tea, has been known to possess bioactive properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. In this study, anti-cancer effect of quercetin and its underlying mechanisms in triple-negative breast cancer cells was investigated. MTT assay showed that quercetin reduced breast cancer cell viability in a time and dose dependent manner. For this, quercetin not only increased cell apoptosis but also inhibited cell cycle progression. Moreover, quercetin increased FasL mRNA expression and p51, p21 and GADD45 signaling activities. We also observed that quercetin induced protein level, transcriptional activity and nuclear translocation of Foxo3a. Knockdown of Foxo3a caused significant reduction in the effect of quercetin on cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, treatment of JNK inhibitor (SP 600125) abolished quercetin-stimulated Foxo3a activity, suggesting JNK as a possible upstream signaling in regulation of Foxo3a activity. Knockdown of Foxo3a and inhibition of JNK activity reduced the signaling activities of p53, p21 and GADD45, triggered by quercetin. Taken together, our study suggests that quercetin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via modification of Foxo3a signaling in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.531-535
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• 2015

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) refers to the unique ability of highly aggressive tumor cells to mimic the pattern of embryonic vasculogenesis, which was associated with invasion and metastasis. The grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) had attracted much attention as a potential bioactive anti-carcinogenic agent. However, GSPs regulation of VM and its possible mechanisms in a triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) remain not clear. Therefore, we examined the effect of GSPs on VM information in HCC1937 cell model. In this study, we identified the VM structure via the three-dimensional (3D) matrix in vitro. Cell viability was measured using the CCK8 assay. The effects of GSPs on human triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) HCC1937 in terms of related proteins of VM information were determined using western blot analysis. In vitro, the tubular networks were found in highly invasive HCC1937 cells but not in the non-invasive MCF-7 cells when plated on matrigel. The number of vascular channels was significantly reduced when cells were exposed in GSPs ($100{\mu}g$/ml) and GSPs ($200{\mu}g/mL$) groups (all p<0.001). Furthermore, we found that treatment with GSPs promoted transition of the mesenchymal state to the epithelial state in HCC1937 cells as well as reducing the expression of Twist1 protein, a master EMT regulator.GSPs has the ability to inhibit VM information by the suppression of Twist1 protein that could be related to the reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) process. It is firstly concluded that GSPs may be an p otential anti-VM botanical agent for human TNBCs.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1987

수도(水稻)의 중금속(重金屬) 흡수(吸收)를 경감(輕減)시키기 위(爲)하여 광미사(鑛微砂) 및 광산폐수(鑛山廢水)에 의(依)해 중금속(重金屬)의 오염(汚染) 정도(程度)가 다른 두 토양(土壤)에 개량제(改良劑)인 중과석(重過石), 용성인비(熔成燐肥), 소석회(消石灰), 규회석(珪灰石) 및 석고(石膏) 등(等)을 처리(處理)하여 토양(土壤) pH 및 현미중(玄米中) 중금속(重金屬)(Cd, Cu Zn 등(等))함량(含量)을 조사분석(調査分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 개량제간(改良劑間)의 뚜렷한 경향(傾向)은 없었으나, 현미중(玄米中) Cd, Cu, Zn 등(等)의 흡수(吸收) 경감(輕減) 정도(程度)는 重金屬(중금속) 오염도(汚染度)가 낮은 토양Ⅱ(土壤) 보다 오염도(汚染度) 높은 토양(土壤)Ⅰ에서 그 효과(效果)가 컸다. 2. 토양(土壤)Ⅰ에서 현미중(玄米中) Cd 농도(濃度)를 0.4ppm 이하(以下)로 감소(減少)시킬 수 있는 개량제(改良劑)의 시용량(施用量)은 중과석(重過石)이 98, 용성인비(熔成燐肥)가 225, 소석회(消石灰)가 190, 석고(石膏)는 276㎏/10a였다. 3. 개량제(改良劑)로 시용(施用)된 동일(同一) 린산함량(燐酸含量)으로서 중금속(重金屬)의 흡수경감효과(吸收輕減效果)는 중과석(重過石)이 용성인비(熔成燐肥)보다 컸고, 동일(同一) 알칼리분으로서는 소석회(消石灰)가 용성인비(熔成燐肥)나 규회석(珪灰石)보다 효과적(效果的)이었다. 4. 토양중(土壤中) pH와 현미중 (玄米中)Cd 및 Zn 함량(含量)과는 유의성(有意性) 있는 부(負)의 관계(關係)가 있었다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2010

삼지화염의 화염안정화 메커니즘 중 중요한 한 가지는 화염전파속도이다. 화염전파속도의 정량적인 규명을 위해 Bilger는 층류 유동이론에 근거하여 혼합분율 기울기에 비선형적으로 연관된 삼지화염 전파속도를 실험으로 제시하였다. 그러나 지금까지의 연구에서는 화염의 곡률에 따른 삼지화염 전파속도에 관하여 논의된 바가 없기에, 본 논문에서 화염의 곡률에 따른 화염전파속도의 연관성을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 논문의 결과로 층류부상화염의 부상높이가 연료의 출구속도와 노즐의 직경에 따라서 결정됨을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 정지된 부상화염의 유동속도에 비례하는 연료의 출구속도에 곡률의 크기가 비례함을 보였고, 또 층류부상화염의 부상높이가 높아질수록 곡률반경의 크기가 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 곡률효과의 중요성이 인식되어야 하며 화염안정화 메커니즘을 표현하기 위해 제안된 Bilger의 제안식이 곡률효과를 고려하여 수정되어야한다.