• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2018

Trichuris suis infection in pigs is ubiquitous in intensive and extensive farms, which causes potential threat to human health. The objective of this research was to investigate the prevalence of T. suis in pigs in Hunan province. Total 2,267 fresh fecal samples distributed in 28 pig farms from 7 different administrative regions (Hunan province) were evaluated for the existence of T. suis eggs using saturated NaCl floating method. The average infection rate of T. suis in pigs was 8.91% in Hunan province. To determine genetic variation of the gained T. suis isolates in the present study, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions from nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of 7 T. suis isolates were cloned and analyzed. Nucleotide diversities were 1.0-3.5% and 0-3.8% for ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that all isolates collected in the present study and T. suis available in Genbank generated a monophyletic clade. The present investigation revealed high infection rates of T. suis in pigs in Hunan province, which shed light on making effective measures to prevent and control T. suis infection in pigs in Hunan province.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.159-168
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• 1999

Swine whipworm(Trichuris suis) is cosmopolitan nematode which can cause serious pathology in immature stage(larva2~larva5) of infected pigs, such as anorexia, diarrhea, anemia, and death in heavy infections. In this larval stages, it is very difficult to diagnose the infection of whipworm and to differentiate from other common swine gastrointestinal disorders such as 21 day scours which are associated with TGE virus, rota virus, coccidium, and the stress of weaning. In this experiment, the isolated antigens of Trichuris spp. were carried out to examine the structure and specificity of antigens and to select the reasonable antigens which would be used in serological diagnosis by electrophoresis, Western blotting, ELISA. The results of this experiment were as follows; 1. The common fractions of each Trichuris suis antigen were identified 28,32,45, 80kDa by SDS-PAGE with silver stain and four major fractions could be detected in positive swine sera by Western blot analysis. 2. The OD(optical density) values of somatic and excretory-secretory antigens which were reacted against positive(negative) sera from pigs infected with Trichuris suis by ELISA reader were; 1) OD values($mean{\pm}SD$) of adult somatic antigen against positive(negative) sera were $0.30{\pm}0.12(0.09{\pm}0.006)$ and third-stage larva of somatic antigen were $0.28{\pm}0.038(0.10{\pm}0.005)$. And OD values of excretory-secretory antigens of adult and third-stage larva were $0.24{\pm}0.031(0.11{\pm}0.005)$ and $0.08{\pm}0.013(0.10{\pm}0.003)$, respectively. 2) OD values of adult somatic, larval somatic antigen and adult excretory-secretory antigen response to positive sera were significantly (p<0.01) associated with negative swine sera. And the Cut-off OD values(minimum positive value) were determined to be mean negative value plus 3 SD that would minimized the risk of false positives. 3. The OD values of somatic antigens of T suis and T vulpis against swine positive(negative) sera were $0.30{\pm}0.120(0.09{\pm}0.006)$ and $0.25{\pm}0.141(0.09{\pm}0.003)$. These data mean that the somatic antigens of T suis and T vulpis were able to diagnose T vulpis infection in dogs as well as T suis infection in pigs. These results suggest that somatic antigen of third-stage larva and excretory-secretory antigen of adult T suis could be used the diagnostic antigen by serological test(ELISA) in immature Trichuris spp. infection.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.625-635
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• 2004

Trichnuris suis does not excrete eggs during larval stage as well as in particular adult stage, It is impossible to diagnose by use of fecal examination method in those periods. Therefore, serological diagnostic method can be very useful for those stages. In order to produce monoclonal antibody, specific somatic and secretory-excretory (SE) antigens of T. suis were identified and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma cells were cloned, which were made of popliteal lymph node of BALB/c mice immunized with a 45 kDa somatic antigen of T. suis. Five clones (1B9, 2C4, n2C5, 2D7 and 2D8) showing strong responses to T. suis antigens were selected and the isotype identified. All monoclonal antibodies were IgG1 isotype and the light chains were k chain. Established monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically to somatic and SE antigens of T. suis and did not cross-reacted to antigens of ascaris suum, trichuris vulpis, or Trichinella spiralis. The sensitivity of somatic and SE antigens against these monoclonal antibodies were significant (p<0.01) associated with those of positive and negative sera.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.589-594
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• 1998

The in vitro screening tests against the in vitro cultivated $L_3$ of Ascaris suum (in vitro $L_3$), which were cultivated from the embryonated egg to third-stage larva on 7 days in culture(DIC) and the in vivo rat's lung-derived $L_3$ of Ascaris suum (in vivo $L_3$), which were recovered from the lungs of rat on 7 days after infection, carried out in order to compare the anthelmintic efficacy of in vitro $L_3$ and that of in vivo $L_3$ in RPMI medium 1640 with 5% bovine calf serum. And also a screening test of efficacy against adult worms of Trichuris suis performed. The efficacies of screening tests were as follows : 1. The screening efficacies of abamectin and ivermectin against the in vitro $L_3$ were all 100% at the 10ppm concentration in RPMI medium 1640 on 5 DIC. 2. The screening efficacies of abamectin and ivermectin against the in vivo $L_3$ were all 100% at the 20ppm on 5 DIC or at 40ppm on 3 DIC. 3. The screening efficacies of abamectin and ivermectin against the adult worms of Trichuris suis were all 100% at 20ppm on 4 DIC. And therefore, the in vitro cultivated $L_3$ of Ascaris suum were used in the screening test as well as the in vivo rat's lung-derived $L_3$ of Ascaris suum. And also the adult worms such as Trichuris suis and filaroids which is small size and difficult to cultivate to vitro, were used in the screening test in vitro.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.743-748
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• 1997

Doramectin(DECTOMAXR), 25-cyclohexyl avermectin, which has acaricidal and anthelmintic effect was evaluated against the natural infestations of Sarcoptes scabiei var suis and GI nematodes(Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis) as measured by litter size and wei

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.309-314
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• 1975

In survey for internal parasites of 395 heads of swine by fecal examination at ict, incidences of each parasite were obtained as follows: Giardia lamblia 1.0% Entamoehaspp. 55.4 Eimeria& Isospora spp. 22.5 Balantidium coli 66.6 Metastrongylus elongatus 17.6 Ascaris suum 25.6 Oesophagostomun dentatum 29.1 Hyostrongylus ryubidus 14.6 Trichuris suis 4.2 Strongyloides ransomi 7.2 Mecistocirrus digitatus 1.0 Check-list for the internal parasites of swine made by all the materials repor years from 1920 to 1975 in Korea is as follows: No. Parasites Habitat References 1. Ascaris lumbricoides small intestine Kawamura(1923) 2. Oesophagostomum dentatum large intestine Kawamura(1923) 3. Echinococcus veterinorum lung & liver Kawamura(1923) 4. Cysticercus cellulosae muscle Yunoba(1923) 5. Sarcooystis sp. muscle Arahayase(1927) 6. Entamoeba polecki intestine Kuwabara(1931) 7. Balantidium coli large intestine Huruyama(1931) 8. Metastrongylus elongatus lung Lee(1956) 9. Gongylonema pulckrum oesophagus Isshiki(1960) 10. Ascarops strongylina stomach Isshiki(1960) 11. Cysticercus tenuicollis peritoneum Isshiki(1960) 12. Cysticercus bovis? diaphragm Isshiki(1960) 13. Toxoplasma gondii interna organs Mun(1960) 14. Trichuris suis large intestine Lee et al.(1963) 15. Stephamirus dentatus feces Lee et al.(1963) 16. Spirometra mansonides fat layer of muscle Jang(1964) 17. Hyostrongylus rubidus stomach Kim et al.(1969) 18. Strongyloides ransomi feces Kim et al.(1969) 19. Eimeria perminuta feces Jang(1972) 20. E. debrieki feces Jang(1972) 21. E. polita feces Jang(1972) 22. E. scabra feces Jang(1972) 23. E. scrofae feces Jang(1972) 24. Isospora suis feces Jang(1972) 25. Entamoeba coli feces Jang(1975) 26. Mecistocirrus digitatus feces Jang(1975) 27. Giardia lamblia feces Jang(1975).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-39
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• 1971

The purpose of present study was to investigate the possibility to immunize guineapigs and swine against Metastrongylus apri infection by the administration of irradiated infective larvae. Four main experiments were undertaken. Firstly, three groups of infective larvae irradiated at $3{\times}10^4r$, $4{\times}10^4r$, and $5{\times}10^4r$ respectively were inoculated to guineapigs and their immunogenic effects were examined from the clinical, anatomical, and serological viewpoints to decide the optimal dose of X-ray for the atenuation of them. Secondly, the migratory behavior of the larvae irradiated at the optimal dose was compared with that of normal infective larvae. Thirdly, pigs were inoculated with each 5,000 infective larvae irradiated at the optimal dose and the clinical, anatomical and serological responses of them before and after challenge were examined. Fourthly, the heated extract of adult M. apri which had been used as an antigen in the serological examinations was analyzed and compared with that of adult Ascaris suis and of adult Trichuris suis by immunoelectrophoretic method. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1) The optimal dose of X-ray for the atenuation of the infective larvae which can minimize the pathogenecity but keep the antigenecity of the infective larvae was $5{\times}10^4r$. 2) Guineapigs could become completely resistant to subsequent challenge infection by the administration of 1,000 infective larvae irradiated at $5{\times}10^4r$, without showing any symptom of disease before and after the challenge. 3) There were some indication that guineapigs could acquire complete immunity after they overcome the infection with normal infective larvae. 4) It was shown that, in guineapigs, the $5{\times}10^4r$-irradiated larvae can migrate to the large intestine and mesenteric lymph node within a day, where they stay for as long as 16 days to stimulate the host's immunity. 5) It also was shown that, in guineapigs, the normal infective larvae challenged to resistant guineapigs can migrate to the large intestine and mesenteric lymph node, where they are affected by the immune mechanism of host within 10 days without further migration. 6) Pigs could become partially resistant to subsequant challenge by the administration of 5,000 infective larve irradiated at $5{\times}10^4r$; no clinical symptom occurred after the administration, but milder symptoms of parasitic bronchitis were observable after the challenge infection and fewer number of worms were detected from the lungs at autopsy compared with severe symptoms and much number of worms in control pigs. 7) It was shown that, in pigs, a few of the $5{\times}10^4r$-irradiated larvae can migrate to the lungs, where they stay for as long as 104 days in stunted and sterile states; their body-lengths were short and their uteri developted no eggs. 8) There was evidence that the male larvae were more susceptible to X-ray than the female larvae. 9) Antibodies relating to the administration with $5{\times}10^4r$-irradiated or normal larvae were detected from the sera of both guineapigs and pigs by means of indirect haemagglutination and agar diffusion precipitin tests. Relatively higher antibody titers were recorded by the former test, but precipitin bands were demonstrable only when the positive sera were concentrated in one tenth of original volume in the later one. 10) The antibody titers of pig sera began to rose on 14 days, kept their peak during the period from 14 th day to 21st day, and fell to a low level on 28 days after the administration of $5{\times}10^4r$ or normal infective larvae. 11) A slight increase in gamma globublin of the pig sera occurred following the administration. The gamma globulin level showed a tendency to fluctuate in acordance with the antibody level. 12) A marked eosionophilia occurred in pigs on 7 or 14 days following the administration. The eosinophil count showed the same tendency to fluctuate as the gamma globulin did. 13) It was shown that the serum antibodies detected by the heated extract of adult Metastrongylus apri react crossly with the heated extract of adult Ascaris suis but not with that of adult Trichuris suis in indirect haemagglutination and agar diffusion preciption reactions. 14) The heated extract of adult Metastrongylus apri could he divided into 9 antigenic components by immunoelectrophoresis, one (arc 4) of which was shown to be common to both extracts of adult Ascaris suis and adult Trichuris suis, and the other one (arc 9) to only the extract of adult Ascaris suis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2022

This study aimed to examine the distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in domestic pigs in the Republic of Korea. From May 2020 to October 2021, 364 pig fecal samples were collected from 75 farms in 7 Provinces and microscopically examined. A total of 170 (46.7%) pigs were infected with at least one of the following parasites: Balantioides coli, strongyles, Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, and coccidia. By parasite species, B. coli, strongyles, A. suum, T. suis, and coccidia oocysts or eggs were detected in 144 (39.6%), 24 (6.6%), 14 (3.8%), 4 (1.1%), and 1 (0.3%) samples, respectively. One hundred fifty-four, 15, and 1 cases showed single, double, and triple infections, respectively. Of the swine fecal samples from 75 farms, 69 specimens (92.0%) were infected with 1 or more parasites. All surveyed farms across the country exhibited a positive rate of over 30%, among which the highest positive rate was 65.0% in Chungcheongnamdo, and Jeollabuk-do was followed by 61.9%. Winter showed a statistically lower prevalence than other seasons. This study showed that gastrointestinal parasites are prevalent in pigs in Korea, although the diversity of parasites is low.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1992

To investigate the prevalence of swine internal parasitic infection, the fecal examinations were carried out between July. 1991. and June. 1992. The samples of 3, 126 swine feces and sawdust were collected from 6 sawdust fermentative and 6 cement-floored pigsties in Chonnam area. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The rate of swine internal parasitic infection, 38.5％ from sawdust fermentative pigsty was higher than 22.2％ from cement-floored pigsty. 2. Of the swine internal parasites detected, Balantidium cole, 21.4% from growing pig of sawdust fermentative pigsty, and 21.3％ from sow of cement-floored pigsty was the must commonly encountered. The infection rate of another parasites including Trichuris suis in sawdust fermentative pigsty was also higher than cement-floored pigsty. 3. Larvae of Strongyloides ransomi was the highest infection rate (40.0%) at sawdust of the sawdust fermentative pigsty.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1969

In a survey of the internal parasites of 1000 swine at Quelpart Island (Cheju-do), Incidence of the parasites was 99.6 percent and negative result was 0.4 percent only. The results was obtained as follows; Metastrongylus apri-51.6% Ascarops strongylina-23.5% Hyostrongylus rubidus -4.1% Trichuris suis -34.8% Ascaris lumbricoides-64.3% Cesophagostomum spp. -74.9% Strongyloides ransomi-8.1% Cysticercus cellulosae -3.8% Cysticercus tenuicollis -17.1% Echinococcus -11.8% Coccidia -61.5% Balantidium coli -23.4%.