• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.49-49
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• 2014

In order to find indigenous beneficial fungal species from crop field soils of Nigeria, 23 soil samples were collected from various places of Nigeria in June, 2013 and fungi were isolated through serial dilution technique. Isolated fungi were purified and differentiated according to their morphological and microscopic characteristics. In total, 38 different representative isolates were recovered and the genomic DNA of each isolates was extracted using QIAGEN$^{(R)}$ Plasmid Mini Kit (QIAGEN Sciences, USA) and the identification of fungi was carried out by sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA). Recovered isolates belonged to 9 fungal genera comprising Fusarium, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Coniothyrium, Dipodascaceae, Myrothecium, Neosartorya, Penicillium and Trichoderma. Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. were the most dominant taxa in this study. The antagonistic potentiality of species belonged to Trichoderma against 10 phytopathogenic fungi (F. oxysporum, C. gloesporoides, P. cytrophthora, A. alternata, A. solani, S. rolfsii, F. solani, R. solani, S. sclerotiorum and P. nicotiana) was assessed in vitro using dual culture assay. The dual culture assay results showed varied degree of antagonism against the tested phytopathogens. The potential Trichoderma spp. will be further evaluated for their antagonistic and plant growth promotion potentiality under in vivo conditions.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2000

불건전 토양과 건전 토양의 환경을 이해하기 위해 자연적으로 역병에 감염되거나 감염되지 않은 고추와 토마토 시설재배지의 비근권토양, 근권토양, 근면을 채취하고 연구하였다. 시료는 경상남도의 시설재배지에서 1999년 4월에 채집되었으며, 진균의 분리는 희석평판법을 이용하였다. 각 작물 별 재배지에서 25 종의 진균이 분리되었으며 건전 시료보다는 감염 시료에서, 근권이나 근면토양보다 비근권토양에서 더 많은 수의 종이 분리되었다. 역병이 감염되지 않은 시료에서만 Trichoderma sp.가 분리되었으며 각 작물의 서식지별로 분리된 진균의 수는 다양하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.278-289
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• 2015

Indigenous strains of Trichoderma species isolated from rhizosphere soils of Tea gardens of Assam, north eastern state of India were assessed for in vitro antagonism against two important tea fungal pathogens namely Pestalotia theae and Fusarium solani. A potent antagonist against both tea pathogenic fungi, designated as SDRLIN1, was selected and identified as Trichoderma viride. The strain also showed substantial antifungal activity against five standard phytopathogenic fungi. Culture filtrate collected from stationary growth phase of the antagonist demonstrated a significantly higher degree of inhibitory activity against all the test fungi, demonstrating the presence of an optimal blend of extracellular antifungal metabolites. Moreover, quantitative enzyme assay of exponential and stationary culture filtrates revealed that the activity of cellulase, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, pectinase, and amylase was highest in the exponential phase, whereas the activity of proteases and chitinase was noted highest in the stationary phase. Morphological changes such as hyphal swelling and distortion were also observed in the fungal pathogen grown on potato dextrose agar containing stationary phase culture filtrate. Moreover, the antifungal activity of the filtrate was significantly reduced but not entirely after heat or proteinase K treatment, demonstrating substantial role of certain unknown thermostable antifungal compound(s) in the inhibitory activity.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.560-565
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• 1990

Trichocderma koningii의 영양요구성 돌연변이주인 CUT 121로부터 얻은 원형질체를 야생형인 ATCC 26113의 핵과 혼합하여 PEG 용액을 처리한 결과, 독립 영양형의 형질전환체가 30 이상의 빈도로 생성되었다. 이 독립영양형 군체로부터 얻은 분리체 중의 하나는 xylanase의 활성이 야생형보다 3배 가량 증진되었으며, 다른 세포의 다당류 분해효소는 야생형과 유사한 수준을 나타내었다. 분리체의 DNA 함량, 인위적인 불리양상 및 동위효소 양상 등을 조사 분석한 결과, 독립영양형의 형질전환체는 실험에 사용된 형질전환체로 판명되었다. 이상의 결과로 Trichoderma속 균류의 균주개량법으로, 핵전이법이 통상의 원형질체 융합법보다 효율적인 것으로 판명되었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.73-90
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• 1980

Ninerty one of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from ginseng growing bed, dead trees and muchroom in Korea from March 1978 to June 1979. Six species were identified as T. hamatum(13 strains), T, roningii(17 strains), T. aureoviride(4 strains), but other six strains(strain No. 111, 125, 127, 130, and 503) unidentified by Rifai's key. The reason which is not identified is as following. According to Rifai's key, phialid, phialospore and colony's colour of four strains (strain No. 125, 126, 127 and 130) are like T. longibrachiatum, but they are different from Rifai's method, because sterile-hypha often appears. the fature of standard strain ATCC no. 13631 T. longibrachiatum is like ster9ile-hypha that is used strains in this experiment. The morphology of strain No.503 is the same as T. hamatum except phialospore. Gnerally, T. hamatum's phialospore is subcylindrical, but strain No. 503 is regular ovoid. Therefore, strain No.503 cannot be identified by Rifai's key. The property, strain No.111's phialid is very irregular $(5{\sim}20{\times}2{\sim}2.5{\mu})$) and its phialospore $(4.0{\sim}6.0{\times}3.0{\sim}4.0{\mu})$) is subcylindrical, is uncomfortable to Rifai's method. The standard strains used in this experiment are 7 kinds of Trichoderma spp. received from ATCC.

• Mycobiology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2010

Trichoderma strains were evaluated under field conditions to assay their efficacy in suppressing Alternaria fruit rot disease and promoting chili plant growth. The experiment was conducted at the Botanical Garden, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh from July 2006 to March 2007. Application of Trichoderma harzianum IMI 392432 significantly (p = 0.05) suppressed the disease compared to Alternaria tenuis (T2) treatment and improved both growth and yield. The treatment T4 (T. harzianum IMI-392432 + A. tenuis) was most effective in reducing disease percentage (72.27%) compared to A. tenuis (T1) treatment. The highest seed germination rate (85.56%) and the highest growth and yield (12.5 g/plant) was also recorded in the same treatment (T4), followed by T5 (T. harzianum IMI-392433 + A. tenuis), T6 (T. harzianum IMI-392434 + A. tenuis), T2 (T. virens IMI-392430 + A. tenuis), and T3 (T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 + A. tenuis) treatment, while single treatment with A. tenuis significantly decreased these values.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2018

2016년 4월부터 6월까지 표고 원목재배 임가 4곳과 표고 톱밥재배 임가 1곳의 재배사 내 실내 공기에서 진균을 포집 및 분리 동정하였다. 총 6개의 국내 미기록 진균(Cenangium acuum, Periconia macrospinosa, Neopestalotiopsissurinamensis, Metarhiziummarquandii, Trichoderma petersenii, Trichoderma paratroviride)을 분리하였으며 이들 균류에 대하여 형태학적 특성 및 internal transcribed spacer rDNA region, large subunitregion, ${\beta}-tubulin$ 또는 translation elongation factor $1{\alpha}$유전자 염기서열에 기반하여 계통학적 분석 결과를 기술하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2011

Fifty five species of medicinal plant materials were tested for their antifungal activity in vitro against Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-1 and Trichoderma harzianum to select plant species that can be used to improve the biocontrol efficacy of T. harzianum. Six species were effective against R. solani AG 2-1 but were also antagonistic to T. harzianum, except for Cinnamomum loureirii stem bark (CSB). CSB inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani AG 2-1 by 73.7% but showed an inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of T. harzianum by only 2.2%. Scanning electron microscophs showed that the CSB treatment resulted in deformed R. solani AG 2-1 hyphal cells, and transmission electron microscophs revealed degenerated cell structures such as degenerated cytoplasm and disentangled cell wall and the accumulation of electron-dense inclusions (asterisks) in the CSB treatment. The biocontrol efficacy of radish damping-off increased greatly following the combined treatments of T. harzianum and CSB and the combined treatment increased efficacy from 6.4-23.1% to 37.1-87.3% compared with either treatment alone. CSB did not affect T. harzianum population growth, as it was almost the same in rice-bran peat medium (culture) amended with 0.1% and 1.0% CSB powder as in non-amended medium. The formulation of T. harzianum in rice-bran peat medium amended with CSB powder reduced the severity of radish damping-off by 80.6%, suggesting that T. harzianum and CSB can be formulated as a biocontrol product for the control of R. solani AG 2-1.

• 환경생물
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2002

PDA배지에서 $25^{\circ}C$로 배양할 때 초기 균사의 색은 흰색을 띄고 있었으며 배양 후기에 생성되는 포자의 색은 짙은 푸른색을 나타내고 있었다. 시간당 성장률은 1.1mm보다 빠른 것으로 나타났으며 성숙한 포자의 모양은 부드럽고 구형에 가까운 모양이었다. 이러한 형태학적 결과는 시간당 성장률이 0.5-0.7mm 이하인 Tricho-derma viride 및 T. hamatum의 특징과 성숙 포자의 모양이 실린더 모양인 T. koningii, T longibrachiatum과 구별되는 결과였다(Raifai 1969; Seaby 1996; Gams and Bissett 1998). 또한 Trichoderma harzianum의 분류에 있어 가장 중요한 구조는 phialospore의 형태가 구형이어야 하며, 포자의 겉은 부드럽고 크기는 $2.5-3.0\times{3.4-4.0}\mu{m}$ 정도인 것이 특징이다(Morris and Doyle 1995a, b). 이러한 결과를 종합하여 분리 균주를 동정한 결과 Trichoderma harzianum으로 확인할 수 있었다. Phytophthora capsici에 대한 분리 균주의 성장저해정도를 측정한 결과 $27^\circ{C}$의 조건에서 가장 높은 길항력을 나타내었으며 다른 곰팡이에 대한 성장억제도 이 온도에서 가장 높을 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 $31^\circ{C}$ 이상에서는 T. harzianum SJG-99721의 성장 속도가 급속히 떨어짐을 확인한 바 이러한 성질을 이용하여 느타리버섯의 균사 배양시 고온 배양을 실시할 경우 푸른곰팡이 병 오염을 극히 제한할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 이러한 고온에서의 성장 속도 제한은 식물 병원성 미생물과의 길항 작용에서도 영향을 미치는 만큼 생물농약으로서의 사용은 토양 온도가 $30^\circ{C}$ 넘지 않는 기간에 최대한 토양 내에서 증식이 이루어지도록 조처해야 한다. 진균성 식물 병원균의 세포벽 분해효소인 extracellular chitinase의 높은 활성도를 확인함으로서 Trichoderma harzianum SJG-99721의 강력한 식물 병원균 제어능력은 이들의 높은 chitinase의 활성도에 의한 것으로 유추할 수 있었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.104-114
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• 1980

Fourteen species of the hyphomyceteous fungi isolated from Korean soils are described and illustrated. Among these, one species has teleomorphic state and is identified as Emericella nidulans var. nidulans, similar to Emericella spectabilis with the exception of size of the conidiophores as well as color and the arrangement of the hulle cells. Four species of hyphomyceteous fungi. Chrysosporium pannorum, Doratomyces microsporus, Trichoderma Roningii, T. viride, are reported here for the first time in Korea.