• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.574-576
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• 2006

An otherwise healthy, 8-year-old girl presented with vague abdominal pain, vomiting, and a tensely distended abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated a huge amount of jejunal material, about 10 cm long, resulting in near obstruction of the jejunum. The material was removed surgically and a postoperative pathologic report confirmed that it was a trichobezoar. A postoperative consultation with a pediatric psychologist revealed neither abnormal behavioral tendencies nor overt psychopathology. After removing the trichobezoar from the jejunum, her health improved completely. We report a rare case of a huge jejunal trichobezoar in a normally developed child with no psychological problems.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2004

Two cases of trichobezoar with unusual presentation in female children are described. The first case is a 7-year-old female with a 3-day history of abdominal pain, obstipation, and emesis. She developed intestinal obstruction and showed double bezoars in the stomach and intestine respectively. She had been in a habit of biting or sucking hairs before sleeping from infancy until 5 years of age. The other patient is a 6-year-old girl referred for an epigastric mass, emotional disturbance and trichotillomania. In spite of the psychological treatment, 4 laparotomies were necessary due to repeated recurrences.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2010

Gastric trichobezoars are commonly observed in young women with trichotillomania and trichophagia. We encountered an 8-year-old girl who had trichotillomania and trichophagia with abdominal pain and a mass, which was diagnosed as a large gastric trichobezoar. On physical examination, a huge, firm nontender mobile mass was palpated in her epigastrium. An upper gastrointestinal series and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large mass in the stomach. Endoscopic removal was tried but failed. Laparoscopic removal was therefore performed. The trichobezoar was successfully retrieved through a gastrotomy and removed through an extended umbilical trocar incision. This case demonstrates that laparoscopic removal of large gastric trichobezoars is feasible and safe without a large abdominal incision.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.1167-1170
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• 2009

Trichobezoar is characterized by the accumulation of hair in the gastrointestinal tract and usually occurs in those who have trichotillomania, other psychiatric disorders, or neurologic problems. Trichobezoar typically presents as gastric obstruction, including abdominal pain, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. A 9-year-old girl visited our clinic with the complaint of abdominal discomfort and vomiting. A review of her medical history revealed that she had trichophagia since the age of 5, and she felt that her parents had been strict with her. She underwent gastrotomy, during which a large trichobezoar was removed. This case highlights the importance of psychiatric and comprehensive approaches in patients with trichobezoar.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.433-437
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• 2005

Bezoars are concretions commonly found in the stomach and small bowel, and four types of bezoars have been described based on their composition : trichobezoar, phytobezoar, lactorbezoar, and miscellaneous. Bezoars most often develop after gastric operations that alter the motility, emptying, and grinding of food in the stomach. Trichobezoars are most common in female children with normal gastrointestinal function and are usually associated with pica, mental retardation, and psychiatric disorders. Although uncommon, bezoars are a well-recognized cause of chronic abdominal complaints which, when undiagnosed, can result in serious complications including gastric ulceration, bleeding, perforation, intussusception and small bowel obstruction. Mortality rates of up to 30 percent have been reported in adults. Trichotillomania is behaviors surrounding hair-pulling, including stroking and playing with hair before pulling, or biting and swallowing the hair after it has been pulled(trichophagia). The most notorious of the medical sequelae of trichotillomania is the trichobezoar. We experienced a case of trichobezoar in an 11-year-old girl who frequently swallowed her hairs from age 4 years up to age 7 years, resulting in intermittent abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.230-234
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• 2009

Trichobezoars are commonly found within the stomach, but rarely induce small bowel obstruction. We report an 8-year-old girl who presented with bilious vomiting and colicky abdominal pain. She had a history of depression and trichophagia. A diagnosis of small bowel obstruction was made on computed tomography and a trichobezoar in the ileum was evacuated by exploratory laparatomy.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.127-130
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• 2013

Rapunzel syndrome refers to a very rare condition in which swallowed hair forms a gastric trichobezoar that has a long tail extending into the small bowel. We describe a case of Rapunzel syndrome in an 8-year-old girl who presented with abdominal mass, epigastric pain and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a markedly dilated stomach filled with coarse heterogeneous materials. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a huge hairy ball with a tail extending through the pylorus. We performed a surgical laparotomy and successfully removed a huge trichobezoar with a long tail extending into the middle portion of jejunum. Psychiatric consultation with review showed her past history of trichotillomania and trichophagia 4 years ago. But her parents denied further psychiatric therapy and she was lost to the follow-up. Rapunzel syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis in children with chronic abdominal pain and trichophagia.