• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.378-383
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• 2011

The policy of total maximum daily load (TMDL) was adopted to manage water pollutants so as to keep the total amount of pollutants in the watersheds within established target water quality. While the TMDL was implemented in all four major river basins, various problems occurred. Even though the corrections for problems were conducted, the role between central and local government was not established exactly. This study was presented to suggest a role between central and local governments for effective implementation of TMDL. When the central government establishes the environmental criteria with water quality standards and pollutants in the main rivers, the local government should establish the level of target pollutants in the watershed. Also, the local government should be continuously implementing the water quality and flowrate monitoring of the tributaries to find out the degree of water quality improvement in the tributaries. Especially, the basic plan of TMDL for the whole watershed should be established by the river basin environmental office at the central government. The local government should be established the implementation plan of TMDL for the watershed where exceeds the established target water quality. The performance assessment of TMDL should be implemented every year to the water quality and flowrate monitoring of the tributaries for satisfaction assessment of target water quality in the watershed by the lower-lever government. The performance assessment report of TMDL included with an analysis of causes for the excess water quality in the watershed should be submitted to the river basin environmental office at the end of the TMDL planning period.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.651-665
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• 2016

This paper tried to delimitate the location and scope of Nokdundo located in the Dumangang estuary. In 18th century, Nokdundo was an alluvial island formed by several tributaries divided from the mainstream of Dumangang. In the mid-19th century, Nokdundo was connected to the Russian territory because some tributaries were blocked by sediment flows. In many maps published in the Joseon Dynasty, the location and size of Nokdundo had not been depicted consistently with each other nor been described correctly. Because of the recurrent extinction-generating phenomena of waterways of the Dumangang due to sedimentation process, the location and scope of Nokdundo can be delimitated differently according to the era. According to the distance information of the records published in the 19th and 20th century, the scope of Nokdundo can be extended widely to the Maritime Province of Siberia. So, the author have set the Sodumangang(Karasik River) as the northern boundary of Nokdundo. The Karasik River is called Sodumangang by the Koreans living in the Maritime Province. As a tributary of the Dumangang, Sodumangang flows into the Posyet Bay. Nokdundo was an island separated from the Korean peninsula and the Maritime Province by the Dumangang and the Sodumangang respectively. Tributaries of the Dumangang have formed many alluvial islands at the mouth of Dumangang where the Dumangang meets with the East Sea. So, the possibility that Nokdundo was consisted of several islands can not be excluded.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-67
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• 2002

In order to understand behaviors of heavy metals around the artificial Lake Shihwa in the vicinity of Kyunggi Bay in Korea in relation with huge environmental changes due to construction of huge artificial lake, water samples were collected from Lake Shihwa and its tributaries from 1996 to 1998 and analyzed. Due to extreme pollutant discharge from various kinds of anthropogenic sources such as the Banweol and Shihwa Industrial Complexes and cities, the Shihwa and its tributaries have been polluted in waters with various heavy metals. The enrichment factors of particulate heavy metals in water of streams and storm sewers were very high. All of the heavy metals observed in the waters showed relatively high temporal and spatial variations. In surface waters of the lake during the desalination after the dike establishment, spatial distributions of heavy metal concentrations were mainly controlled by various biogeochemical factors as well as input of industrial and municipal wastewaters, while, physical mixing was minor factor Pb and Co showed a strong affinity to particle phase, however the affinity to dissolved phase was dominated in Ni, Cu and Cd. Water quality of the artificial Lake Shihwa has been deteriorated by direct discharge of untreated wastewater and heavy metals have been accumulated in the lake system. Therefore, luther environmental improvement plan should be programmed subsequently.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3 s.99
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• pp.220-231
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• 2002

The fish fauna and Community were surveyed from April 2000 to September 2001 at 23 stations in the nam river, the first tributary located to the lower reach of the Nakdong River system. During the study period, 39 species belonging to 29 genera and 11 families were collected. Of which 14 species are endemic species or subspecies in Korea. Introduced species from other river system, O. bidens had not been collected at all after the report of Yang (1973) but many individuals were captured at main stream and tributary in this survey. Introduced species from abroad M. salmoides increased at most of stations. Dominant species in main stream were Z. platypus, O. bidens and H. labeo. On the contrary, Z. temmincki, Z. platypus and S. gracilis majimae dominated the tributaries. Diversity indices of main stream and tributaries were 0,979 and 0.966 respectively. St. 3 of main stream and St.1 and 16 of tributaries had high diversity indices (1.05, 0.962, 0.956) and lower dominant indices (0.102, 0.369, 0.200). As a whole, dominant index was 0.160, diversity index 1.044 and evenness index 0.656. It indicated that the community structure of this river was stable and diverse relatively.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.8
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• pp.577-588
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• 2022

This study aims to identify the limiting nutrient for algal growth in the Geum River and the significant pollutant sources from the tributaries affecting the water quality and to provide a management alternative for an improvement of water quality. An eight-year of daily data (2013~2020) were collected from the Water Environment Information System (water.nier.go.kr) and Water Resources Management Information System (wamis.go.kr). 14 water quality variables were analyzed at five water quality monitoring stations in the Geum River (WQ1-WQ5). In the Geum River, the water quality variables, especially Chl-a vary greatly in downstream of the river. In the open weir gate operation, TP (total phosphorus) and water temperature greatly influence the growth of algae in downstream of the river. A correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship between variables and investigate the factor affecting algal growth in the Geum River. At the downstream station (WQ5), TP and Temp have shown a strong correlation with Chl-a, indicating they significantly influence the algal bloom. The principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify and prioritize the major pollutant sources of the two major tributaries of the river, Gab-cheon and Miho-cheon. PCA identifies three major pollutant sources for Gab-cheon and Miho-cheon, respectively. For Gab-cheon, wastewater treatment plant, urban, and agricultural pollutions pollution are identified as significant pollutant sources. For Miho-cheon, agricultural, urban, and forest land are identified as major pollutant sources. PCA seems to be effective in identifying water pollutant sources for the Geum River and its tributaries in detail and thus can be used to develop water quality management strategies.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1980

A new species of Cyprinid fish, Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpus is described, based upon many specimens collected from several tributaries of the Han River situated in the central part of Korea. This species is distributed in the Han River and characterized by the distinctive body proportiionals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.26.2-39
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• 2002

Tan-Sui River Basin covers Taipei metropolitan area of 2,726 square kilometers with more than six million residents. Since 1988, Taiwan government started to plan and construct an integrated sewerage system, consisted by both separated and concentrated trunk sewers, wastewater treatment plants and ocean outfalls. This presentation will introduce the master plan and major facilities of Tan-Sui River Basin sewerage system. Other measures to protect general water quality and the environment of adjacent river basin area of Tan-Sui River and her tributaries by Taiwan EPA will be presented as well.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• v.2
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• pp.69-84
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• 1991

US NWS/NETWORK is applied for the analysis of the flood of July 11-15, 1981 through the Goan-Indogyo reach of the Han River. For the flood hydrography synthesis of the lateral inflows from the major tributaries into the main reach the Cleak method is employed. NETWORK coupled with the Clark method of hydrography synthesis simulated with a fair accuracy the oberved flood hydrograph at the downstream boundary of the routing reach. The dffect of SCS runoff curve number for fributary flood synthesis is evaluated. The characteristics of the station variations and time variations of the flood discharges in the reach is also analyzed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.187-196
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• 1988

Meander characteristics of the Han River System using autocorrelation coefficient and variance spectrum were analysed, and meander paths were simulated by direction and direction-change series in this paper. Better wavelength estimates are obtained from direction-change spectra, dominant wavelength had the increasing tendency in order tributaries of the North Han River System, the South Han River System and the Han River Downstream System. The meander characteristics of tributaries in the North Han River, the South Han River and the Han River Downstream System could be obtained from the results of direction and direction change spectra. Direction and direction-change autocorrelograms are generally of damped oscillatory form, and wavelengths estimated from direction-change autocorrelograms correlate closely with wavelength estimated from direction-change specta.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.367-380
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• 2012

There are many long and round shape shores due to terrain characteristics in Daecheong reservoir. Therefore it is indicated different spatial distribution of algae every year since the stream is being regulated by these terrain characteristics and reservoir operation about inflow and outflow discharge. Also oversupply of nutrient salt from tributaries of Daecheong reservoir where pollutants were concentrated generates massive growth of algae and depending on hydrological, reservoir operation condition, those proliferated algae at the stagnant tributaries moves to the mainstream of Daecheong reservoir which could create problems of water quality. In this study, it was analyzed the tendency of algae generation by examining algae occurring status for the last 4 years since 2008, and implemented hydraulic analysis at Daecheong reservoir through numerical tracer simulation by applying 3-dimensional hydrodynamic model, ELCOM. Also it was implemented a quantitative analysis of causal relationship based on the algae generation tendency and hydraulic behavior at Daecheong reservoir. Through numerical tracer simulation in this study, it could be noticed the degree of spread of inflow indicated similar trend to the algae occurring status at Daecheong reservoir and verified the different tendency of algae generation in 2011 unlike previous year caused by the rise of water temperature.