• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.415-421
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• 2001

The present study was carried out to compare the postoperative results of Cronin triangular flap and Millard rotation-advancement repair techniques in repairing the unilateral complete cleft lip. Thirteen patients with unilateral complete cleft lip underwent 6 Cronin triangular flap and 7 Millard rotation-advancement repairs at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Chonnam University Hospital over a period of 6 years (January 1994 to December 1999). The surgical results following the operation were assessed on the basis of scoring, vertical lip length and scar hypertrophy. The mean score was better in Cronin triangular flap group($74.77{\pm}0.86$) than in Millard rotation-advancement group($66.50{\pm}1.14$) for both lip and nose segments. Scar hypertrophy developed in the Millard rotation-advancement repair group with 28.6% incidence but not in the Cronin triangular flap group. No significant difference was found in the ratio of lip length between Millard rotation-advancement repair and Cronin triangular flap groups($0.73{\pm}0.10$ and $0.80{\pm}0.96$). These results suggest that Cronin triangular flap shows better results than Millard rotation-advancement repair in repairing the unilateral complete cleft lip.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.311-315
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• 2016

In Korea, lateral canthoplasty, along with medial epicanthoplasty, has become popular over the past years to widen the horizontal length of the palpebral fissure. However, the effect of the surgery differs greatly depending on the shape and structure of the eyes. If over-widened, complications such as eversion, scarring, and conjunctival exposure may occur. Thus, the author of this study suggests a more effective and safe method for lateral canthal lengthening that causes minimal complications. A total of 236 patients underwent lateral canthoplasty between July 2007 and December 2015. For each patient, a triangular flap 4-5 mm away from the lateral canthus was elevated and rotated 45 degrees laterally while the continuity of the lower eyelid gray line was maintained. A new lateral canthus was created by fixating the rotation flap to the lateral orbital rim with minimal skin trimming and tension-free sutures, preventing relapse and maintaining a triangular shape. In more than 95% of cases, effective and satisfactory extension was achieved. On average, a 3 mm extension of the lateral canthus was achieved. There were minor complications such as wound dehiscence, webbing, and scarring, which were easily corrected. The author not only extended the lateral canthus 3-4 mm laterally but also maintained the continuity of the gray line on the lower lid as a more natural-looking triangular shape, while minimizing complications such as webbing and conjunctival exposure.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

Historically, various techniques to correct the deformity of lip and nose in functional and esthetic ways were developed and applied in dealing the patients with cleft lip. When treating the patients with unilateral cleft lip, many surgeons adopt the rotation-advancement method originally developed by Millard, or the triangular flap technique developed by Tennison, Randall or the modifications of these techniques. Among these, triangular flap technique has its advantage in designing the flap using the patient's anatomic landmarks. It enables less skillful operator to perform this technique relatively easily and produce reasonable results. In this report we present 8 cases of unilateral complete cleft lip and 3 casesof unilateral incomplete cleft lip. They all underwent primary cheiloplasty based on triangular flap technique, and functional, esthetic outcomes were favorable.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.200-204
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• 2012

In the repair of unilateral complete cleft lip, the most popular method is the rotation-advancement by Millard. Despite advantages of Millard repair, a few pitfalls exist. Above all, some of the scars, at the height of the cleft side philtral ridge, cross the Langer's line. Further, in the repair of complete cleft lip, small triangular lateral lip flap is often added in the base of an advancement flap to level the Cupid's bow. Moreover, preservation of the advancement flap has some negative effects on a primary nasal repair. As a result, the shape of philtrum is somewhat unnatural. Therefore, I applied the extended Mohler repair in the six cases of complete wide cleft lip to get a more esthetic scar. As a result, more natural, straight philtral ridge was obtained, without adding small triangular flap in the base of the advancement flap.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2012

Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital facial malformation and has a significant developmental, physical, and psychological impact on those with the deformity and their families. When treating the patients with unilateral cleft lip, many surgeons adopt the rotation advancement flap method originally developed by Millard, or the triangular flap technique developed by Tennison, Randall or the modifications of these techniques. Among these, Millard's rotation advancement flap method has its advantage in designing the flap using the patient's anatomic landmarks. For performing this rotation advancement technique, skillful operation is needed to obtain esthetically satisfactory results. Vomer flap sometimes is used to repair anterior hard palate in complete cleft lip and palate patients. Vomerine tissue is readily available in the vicinity of the palatal defect and elevation of the vomerine flap is relatively simple procedure. In this article, we will introduce the comprehensive vomer flap technique conjunction with primary lip closure and review the comparative studies of the outcome of simultaneous repair of cleft lip and cleft hard palate with Millard's rotation advancement method and vomer flap.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.154-157
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• 2011

The primary purpose of cleft lip surgery should be the aesthetic and functional recovery of the facial components. Triangular flap repair is one of the most common techniques used in cleft lip surgery. In this case report, thirty patients with unilateral cleft lip had been treated using the Tennison-Randall method. The results were favorable and there have been no permanent complications.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2009

Quadrilateral flap technique for primary cheiloplasty in patients with cleft lip was initially developed by Hagedorn in 1884. After Le Mesurier presented this procedure in 1940's, many surgeons adopted this technique for clinical advantage of reconstruction of Cupid's bow and lesser amount of tissue discarding than straight line technique. However, owing to its drawbacks such as sacrifice of Cupid's bow and prominent scar on philtral ridge, other techniques like Tennison's triangular flap and Millard's rotation-advancement flap have gradually taken its place. Nevertheless, some clinicians like Dr. Wang has modified this quadrilateral flap technique for better clinical outcomes. In this report we present 3 cases of unilateral complete cleft lip patients who underwent primary cheiloplasty with favorable outcomes based on Dr. Wang's modified quadrilateral flap technique.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.203-216
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• 2021

Analyzing various wave interactions with oscillating wave surge converters (OWSC) is essential because they must be operated efficiently under a wide range of wave conditions and designed to extract optimal wave energy. In the conceptual design and development stage of OWSC, numerical analysis can be a good alternative as a design tool. This study performed a numerical analysis on the behavioral characteristics of the inverted triangle flap against the incident waves using open source CFD to examine the essential behavioral attributes of OWSC. Specifically, the behavioral characteristics of the structure were studied by calculating the free water surface displacement and the flap rotation angle near the inverted triangular flap according to the change of the period under the regular wave conditions. By comparing and examining the numerical analysis results with the hydraulic model experiments, the validity of the analysis performed and the applicability in analyzing the wave-structure interactions related to OWSC was verified. The numerical analysis result confirmed that the hydrodynamic behavior characteristic due to the interactions of the wave and the inverted triangle flap was well reproduced.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.263-266
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• 2020

Infantile hemangiomas have a growth phase and an involution phase. For this reason, serial observation has generally been recommended as the treatment for uncomplicated infantile hemangiomas. Recently, however, individualized approaches have been emphasized. Although cleft lip and infantile hemangioma are common congenital diseases, infantile hemangiomas on the cleft side (i.e., in the operative field of the cleft lip) are extremely rare, and no clear guidelines have been established for their treatment. We experienced a case in which a patient with a cleft lip had an infantile hemangioma on the cleft side. In accordance with general treatment guidelines, cleft repair was performed 3 months after birth. The Millard rotation-advancement technique, which involves the use of a lower small triangular flap, was used for the repair. No intraoperative complications, such as massive bleeding, or postoperative complications were noted. The patient has received regular follow-up for the past 18 years, and other than a reddish scar on the lower lip, he currently has no related issues. Therefore, this case demonstrates that cleft lip repair performed according to cleft lip treatment guidelines produces good outcomes, even in cases involving a hemangioma on the cleft side.