• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 1995

Purpose : To evaluate the efficacy of hydroxyurea with radiation in carcinoma of the cervix, huge exophytic or endophytic stage IIA and IIb. Materials and Methods : Sixty four patients with carcinoma of the cervix stage IIA (29 patients) with exophytic ($\geq$3cm in diameter) or huge endophytic mass and IIB (35 patients) treated with radiation and hydroxyurea at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University. School of Medicine from Aug, 1989 to May, 1991. The maximum and mean follow up durations were 68 and 57 months respectively. The radiation therapy consisted of external irradiation to the whole pelvis(3600-5400cGy) and boost parametrial doses (for a total of 4500-6300cGy) with midline shield ($4{\times}10$ cm), and combined with intracavitary irradiation (3000-3500 cGy to point A). Hydroxyurea was to be taken in a single oral dose of 1.0gm/day during radiation therapy. Results : The control rate was 89.1%. The actuarial overall five year survival rate was 78.8% for stage IIA and 72.8% for stageIIB. The overall recurrence rate was 25% (16/64). Tewnty-three percent of the patients developed leukopenia ($\geq$grade 3) and four percent of the patients developed grade 3 or greater thrombocytopenia. Grade 3 or greater GI, GU complication and anemia were not noted. There was no treatment related death noted. Conclusion : We considered that hydroxyurea and radiation therapy may improve survival rate in huge exophytic and endophytic stage IIa cervical carcinoma with acceptible morbidity.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 1998

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of curative radiotherapy in the management of supralottic cancer. Materials and Methods : Twenty-one Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supralottis were treated with radiotherapy at Gyeongsang National University Hospital between 1590 and 1994. Median follow-up period was 36 months and 95% were observed for at least 2 years. Results : Actuarial survival rate at 5 years was 39.3% for 21 patients. The 5-rear actuarial survival rate was 75.0% in Stage I, 42.9% in Stage II, 33.3% in Stage III and 28.6% in Stage IV(p=0.54), The 5-year local control rate was 52.0% for 21 patients. The 5-rear local control rate was 75.0% in Stage I, 57.1% in Stage II, 66.7% in Stage III, and 28.6% in Stage IV(p=0.33). Double primary cancer was developed in 3 patients and those were all esophageal cancers. Conclusion : In early stage(Stage I and II) supralottic cancer, curative radiotherapy would be a treatment of choice and surgery would be better to be reserved for salvage of radiotherapy failure. In advanced stage(Stage III and IV), radiotherapy alone is inadequate for curative therapy and combination with surgery should be done in operable patients. This report emphasizes the importance of esophagoscopy and esophagogram at the follow-up of patients with supralottic cancer.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-47
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• 2005

First, mice were dosed with 50mg/kg of streptozotocin(STZ) twice every 24 hours to cause high blood-sugar. Then, after three days, mice were injected with 100mg/kg of STZ again. Two different dosages of Saengjihwangeumja-gami were given to the experiment groups: SA group, 15mg/kg/day, and SB group, 90mg/kg/day, in order to determine the effects of Saengjihwangeumja-gami, which has been known to be good for DM(Diabetes Mellitus). By observing weight and blood-sugar level changes, blood tolerance, the numerical value of BUN(Blood Urea Nitrogen) and creatinine in blood, and through light-electronicmicroscopic and immunohistologic investigations of pancreas and kidneys, the following results were obtained: 1. The experiment groups showed a high suppressive effect of weight-loss. 2. The experiment groups' blood-sugar and blood tolerance showed an effective lowering of blood-sugar levels. 3. The experiment groups did not show any noticeable change in the numerical value of BUN and creatinine in blood compared with that of the control groups. 4. The experiment groups showed a higher Insulin positive reaction of pancreatic islets ${/beta}-cell$ than the control groups. 5. The experiment groups showed a higher immuno-reaction against IGF- II than the control groups. 6. Observation of apoptosis of the pancreatic islets showed that the cells of experiment groups were less injured compared with those of the control groups, and fewer apoptag-positive reaction cells were seen in experiment groups than in the control groups. 7. Uunder electron-microscopy, the insulin-containing granules in pancreatic islets ${/beta}-cells$ had increased more in the experiment groups than in the control groups. 8. Under light microscopy, the injury on the inner & outer membrane of the glomerulus and epithelial cells of capillaries and cells among vessels were fewer in the experiment groups than in the control groups. 9. More apoptag-positive reaction cells in the kidney were seen in the control groups than in the experiment groups. 10. PAS-positive reaction substances had increased more in the substrate among the vessels of a glomerulus belonging to the control group than those of the experiment group. 11. Uunder electron-microscopy, the nucleonic membrane, nucleoplasm and mitochondria of proximal and distal renal tubular were more injured in the control groups than in the experiment groups. In conclusion, strong evidence for the efficacy of Saengjihwangeumja-gami in lowering blood-sugar, and in recovery and generation of pancreatic tissues injured by DM was observed. Results suggest Saengjihwangeumja-gami is an effective treatment for DM. Further study of the principles of blood-sugar dropping effects of Saengjihwangeumja-gami are needed, as well as further study of recovery and regeneration of pancreatic tissues injured by DM.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the different types and levels of prebiotics on intestinal microflora and fermentation products in the in vitro fermentation model. The prebiotcs used in this study were IMO (iso-malto oligosaccharide), CI (partially digested chicory-inulin), RA (raffinose) and CD (cyclodextrin). Experimental diet for growing pigs was predigested by digestive enzymes and this hydrolyzed diet was mixed with buffer solution containing 5% fresh swine feces. Then, the mixture was fermented with or without prebiotics at the concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% for 24 h. Samples were taken at 24 h, and viable count of micoflora, gas, pH, volatile organic compounds and short-chain fatty acids were determined. The viable count of Enterobacteriaceae was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in all treatments added with prebiotics in comparison to control without prebiotics. However, the increase of lactic acid bacteria was observed in the prebiotics treatment. Gas production increased as the level of prebiotics increased. The pH values in the fermentation fluid decreased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing the concentration of prebiotics. The fermentation with prebiotics resulted in the reduction of malodorous compounds such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, indole and skatole. The increase in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was observed in the treatments with prebiotics. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that the fermentation with prebiotics was effective in reducing the formation of malodorous compounds and increasing lactic acid bacteria and SCFA. These effects depended on the concentration of prebiotics. Moreover, further study is needed to determine whether the in vitro efficacy on the reduction of malodorous compounds and increase of SCFA would also be observed in animals.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2011

The fungus Botrytis cinerea causes fruit rot of strawberry and the damages can result in harvest losses upto 50%. Proper timing of fungicide application is essential for successful control of Botrytis fruit rot, fenhexamid plus iminoctadine tris, cyprodinil plus fludioxonil, fludioxonil alone, and Bacillus subtilis QST713 were applied to individual buds, flowers, and green and red fruit of cultivar 'Seolhyang' ex vivo. Cyprodinil plus fludioxonil or fludioxonil alone was applied i) before and after a 5-hr period of low-temperature ($0^{\circ}C$) incubation ex vivo ii) in field trials. Strawberry flowers and red fruit were more susceptible to B. cinerea than the green fruits. Incidence of Botrytis rot with fenhexamid plus iminoctadine tris and cyprodinil plus fludioxonil was the lowest at flowering, whereas B. subtilis QST713 did not significantly among treatments. In 2010, incidence of Botrytis fruit rot was significantly reduced when fludioxonil was applied two times at 1 week intervals from 50% bloom in field trials. Cultivars Redpearl and Seolhyang were more susceptible to low-temperature than cvs. Maehyang and Akihime. Cyprodinil plus fludioxonil application was effective when applied before onset of the low-temperature treatment period. Fludioxonil showed the most effective when it was sprayed one and more than two times in before and post low-temperature condition, respectively. These results demonstrate that fungicide selection and timing can interact with stage of fruit development and low-temperature in determining effectiveness of suppression of Botrytis fruit rot.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.222-231
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• 2008

This study was carried out to develop a method for decreasing the heavy metal composition of living stock. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were pre-treated with heavy metals administered i.p. at the limits of regulation according to the feed CODEX in Korea. Herbal medicine remnant was administered p.o. (2, 4 ppm of average feeding amount) for the entire period of study with organic selenium (2 ppm of average feeding amount) before any other treatment. 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was also administered i.p. in a single dose of 60 mg/kg body weight before animals were sacrificed. The TBARS test with the FOX assay demonstrates a decrease of heavy metals due to these functional materials in vitro. Moreover, this decrease in heavy metals was also demonstrated by in vivo tests based on SD rats hair analysis and organ analysis after 6 weeks. A good linear correlation between hair analysis and organ analysis represented by liver and blood was shown. The present findings suggest that measurement method of heavy metal composition using hair analysis for healthy livestock can be used in place of detection methods carried out by organ and blood analysis, and herbal medicines with organic selenium may be very effective at decreasing heavy metals of feed materials in feed manufacture industry.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2012

Background: Local adverse events associated with inhaled corticosteroid use, including dysphonia, pharyngitis and oral candidiasis, can affect adherence for treatment. 'Mouth rinsing method' has been used for reducing local adverse events, but it cannot ensure complete prevention. The goal of this pilot study was to identify whether the 'immediate diet method' can reduce local adverse events in a limited number of patients. Methods: The study was conducted in a total of 98 patients, who had been prescribed a medium-dose fluticasone propionate for the first time, from January to October in 2010. One training nurse had performed the education on how to use the inhaler, including the mouth rinsing method. And with follow-ups at one month intervals, any patient who experienced such adverse events were educated on the immediate diet method, having a meal within 5 minutes after using an inhaler and they were checked on any incurrence of adverse events with one month intervals for 2 months. Results: The mean age of patients was 65.9 years old. The local adverse events had incurred from 18.4% of the study subjects. When performed the follow-up observation in 18 patients with local adverse events after education on the immediate diet method, 14 patients (77.8%) had shown symptomatic improvements. Three of 4 patients did not show any improvement, in spite of implementing the immediate diet method. The other 1 patient did not practice the immediate diet method properly. Conclusion: The immediate diet method may be useful in reducing the local adverse events, caused by the use of inhaled corticosteroid.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.5
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• pp.441-447
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• 2012

Background: Chest tube drainage (CTD) is an indication for the treatment of pneumothorax, hemothroax and is used after a thoracic surgery. But, in the case of incomplete lung expansion, and/or persistent air leak from CTD, medical or surgical thoracoscopy or, if that is unavailable, limited thoracotomy, should be considered. We evaluate the efficacy of bronchoscopic injection of ethanolamine to control the persistent air leak in patients with CTD. Methods: Patients who had persistent or prolonged air leak from CTD were included, consecutively. We directly injected 1.0 mL solution of 5% ethanolamine oleate into a subsegmental or its distal bronchus, where it is a probable air leakage site, 1 to 21 times using an injection needle through a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Results: A total of 15 patients were enrolled; 14 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax [idiopathic 9, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 3, post-tuberculosis 2] and one case of empyema associated with broncho-pleural fistula. Of these, five were patients with persistent air leak from CTD, just after a surgical therapy, wedge resection with plication for blebs or bullae. With an ethanolamine injection therapy, 12 were successful but three (idiopathic, COPD and post-tuberculosis) failed, and were followed by a surgery (2 cases) or pleurodesis (1 case). Some adverse reactions, such as fever, chest pain and increased radiographic opacities occurred transiently, but resolved without any further events. With success, the time from the procedure to discharge was about 3 days (median). Conclusion: Bronchoscopic ethanolamine injection therapy may be partially useful in controlling air leakage, and reducing the hospital stay in patients with persistent air leak from CTD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.3
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• pp.180-187
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• 2011

Background: In mediastinal lymph node sampling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) it is important to determine the appropriate treatment as well as to predict an outcome. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a recently developed, accurate, safe technique in patients with NSCLC for sampling mediastinal lymph nodes. We sought to determine the usefulness of EBUS-TBNA in mediastinal staging with NSCLC considered to be operable. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 142 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA for mediastinal staging in the Asan Medical Center, Korea from July 2008 to July 2010. If patients were in an operable state, they underwent subsequent surgical staging. Diagnoses based on biopsy results were compared with those based on surgical results. Results: We performed EBUS-TBNA in 184 mediastinal lymph nodes in 142 NSCLC patients. Almost all of the EBUS-TBNA samples were from the lower paratracheal (112, 60.9%) and subcarinal (57, 31.0%) lymph nodes. In 142 patients, 51 patients (35.9%) were confirmed with malignant invasion of the mediastinal lymph node by EBUS-TBNA and 91 (64.1%) patients were not confirmed. Among the 91 patients, 64 patients (70.3%) underwent surgical staging. 3 patients (4.7%) who were misdiagnosed by the EBUS-TBNA were confirmed by surgery. After Diagnostic sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA, the prediction of mediastinal metastatsis was 94.4% and specificity was 100%. The procedures were performed safely and no serious complications were observed. Conclusion: We demonstrated the high diagnostic value of EBUS-TBNA for mediastinal staging.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.683-688
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• 2008

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of two commercially available desensitizing agents over 3 weeks on patients with dentin hypersensitivity. Materials and Methods : An oxalate-based solution, Sensblok (NIBEC Inc. Seoul, Korea) & Superseal (Pheonix Inc. Michigan, USA), and a distilled water placebo were compared in a clinical setting. Seven volunteers exhibiting three or more teeth that were sensitive to tactile & air were enrolled in the study (35 teeth total). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for recording each patient s level of sensitivity to tactile & air stimuli. A Florida probe was rubbed across the exposed dentin three times with a constant pressure 20 grams to measure the tactile stimulus. The air stimulus was generated by dental unit air syringe for 1-second blast from 1/2 inch distance. The desensitizing agents were applied according manufacture s guideline. VAS scores were recorded at baseline, 1 minute after treatment, at 1 week, 2weeks, 3weeks. VAS score were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA ( =0.05). Results : The Sensblok, Superseal, and distilled water placebo all decreased dentin sensitivity. A statistically significant difference existed between Sensblok and placebo when tactile stimulus was applied (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found among other desensitizing agents and tactile and air stimuli.