• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.261-265
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the transfer pattern of multiple trauma patients after acute phase management and to determine whether the time between the surgeon's decision and the actual transfer correlates with the patient's insurance type. Methods: Three hundred ninety-two(392) multiple trauma patients visited the emergency room from January 2011 to April 2013. Among the 143 patients who were admitted by a trauma surgeon, 47 were transferred to another hospital after acute phase management. The age, gender, trauma mechanism, Revised trauma score (RTS), Injury severity score (ISS), insurance type, length of ICU stay and hospital stay were analyzed through a retrospective chart review. Results: The mean age was 47.7 years, and traffic accident was the most common mechanism(26, 55.3%). The mean RTS and ISS were 6.93 and 22.7, respectively. Twenty-five patients(53%) were covered by National health insurance, and 20 patients(42.6%) were covered by automobile insurance. Patients were transferred to primary (4.3%), secondary(80.9%), tertiary(4.3%) and care(10.6%) hospitals. The mean time from transfer decision to actual transfer was significantly longer for patients who were covered by automobile insurance than it was for patients who were covered by national health insurance (p=0.038). Conclusion: An appropriate transfer system at the end of acute phase care is essential for managing trauma centers with limited staffing and facilities. In addition, the mean time from transfer decision to actual transfer seemed to be definitely related to the type of insurance covering the patient.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 2013

Purpose: As emergency medical service fund is further expanded due to amendment of the law on emergency medical services in 2008, Korean government has prepared to intervene in a comprehensive manner to strengthen a trauma treatment system. As a result, it announced a master plan to establish a serious trauma treatment center in 16 areas across the nation. Therefore, this study has attempted to investigate the current status of the serious trauma treatment centers and suggest the goal and improvement plan of future serious trauma treatment centers. Methods: As of 2011, Korea operates 23 emergency cerebrovascular service centers, 23 emergency heart disease centers and 35 severe trauma treatment centers across the country. 12 emergency medical service centers have been chosen among the serious trauma treatment centers. Then, top six (6) centers chosen at Emergency Medical Institute Assessment 2011 by Ministry of Health and Welfare have been selected, and floor layout and spatial allocation by usage have been reviewed and analyzed. Results: Consequently, this study has investigated the spatial components, circulation layout and spatial allocation of a serious trauma treatment. For construction planning in consideration of the fundamental objectives and goal of emergency medical services, it is essential to allot spaces and select exact spatial components. It appears that it is necessary to design spaces for emergency medical services and come up with construction planning through appropriate spatial allocation.

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제56호
• /
• pp.31-54
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 매일 발생하는 각종 사건 사고 처리와 국가적 재난사고 현장의 최일선에서 국민의 생명과 안전을 지키는 지역사회경찰활동으로 인해 심리적 외상(Trauma)과 외상 후 스트레스(PTSD)를 경험하는 경찰관의 심리적 복지 향상방안을 마련하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 Trauma 및 PTSD 관련 문헌연구와 Trauma 및 PTSD를 경험한 경찰공무원을 심층면담을 통해 다음과 같은 대응방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 경찰공무원을 위한 심리검사가 적극적이고 실질적으로 시행되어야 한다. 경찰공무원은 체력적인 부담뿐만 아니라 대민서비스로 인한 감정노동 스트레스도 높기 때문에 육체적인 휴식과 더불어 정기적인 심리검사가 제도적으로 확립되어야 한다. 둘째, 경찰공무원을 위한 정기적인 심리검사와 결과에 대한 적절한 조치가 필요하다. 셋째, 경찰공무원의 심리지원을 위한 제도가 정착되어야 한다. 이를 위해 경찰 마음동행센터의 확대와 내실 있는 운영이 이루어져야 한다. 넷째, 경찰공무원의 스트레스 해소기회를 제공해야 한다. 이를 위해 동호회를 활성화하도록 지원예산을 편성하고 활동여건을 조성해야 한다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the trauma care system of our hospital, in which emergency physicians care for major trauma patients in the emergency intensive care unit (ICU) in consultation with intervention radiologists and surgeons. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in an emergency ICU of a tertiary referral hospital. We enrolled consecutive patients who had been admitted to our emergency ICU with major trauma from March 2007 to September 2010. We collected data with respect to demographic findings, mechanisms of injury, the trauma and injury severity score (TRISS), emergency surgery, angiographic intervention, and 6-month mortality. Then, we compared the observed and predicted survivals of the patients. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration plots by using 10 groups, one for each decile, of predicted mortality were used to evaluate the fitness of TRISS. P-values of greater than 0.05 represent a fair calibration. Results: Among 116 patients, 12 (10.34%) were dead within 6 months after admission to the ICU, and 29 (25.00%) and 38 (32.80%) patients received emergency surgery and angiographic intervention, respectively. The mean injury severity score and revised trauma score were $36.97{\pm}17.73$ and $7.84{\pm}6.75$, respectively. The observed survival and the predicted survival of the TRISS were 89.66% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84.03~95.28%) and 69.85% (95% CI: 63.80~75.91%), respectively. The calibration plots showed that the observed survival of our patients was consistently higher than the predicted survival of the TRISS ($p$ <0.001). Conclusion: The observed survival for the trauma care system of our hospital, in which emergency physicians care for major trauma patients in the emergency ICU in consultation with intervention radiologists and surgeons, was higher than the predicted survival of the TRISS.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.151-156
• /
• 2009

Objective : It is well known that changes in cerebral hemodynamics occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Osmo-regulation in the brain is important for maintaining a constant milieu in the central nervous system. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, early osmolarity changes after minor head injury have not been studied until now. Methods : In this study, serum osmolarity was measured in 99 patients with minor head trauma. As a control group, blood samples were drawn from 99 patients who had a minor trauma in an extremity. Serum osmolarity was estimated using a fully automatic biochemical autoanalyzer within the first 3 hours after the trauma. Results : The mean serum osmolarity levels were $286.08{\pm}10.1\;mOsm/L$ in the study group and $290.94{\pm}5.65\;mOsm/L$ in the control group (p<0.001). However, after age adjustment between the study and control groups, this statistical significance was found to be valid only for patients over 30 years of age. Conclusion : It was noted that serum osmolarity levels decrease in the first 3 hours following minor head trauma in patients over 30 years of age. Further studies into this area could provide guidance for the management/treatment of elderly patients.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2008

Objective : The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of somatic symptoms in patients with PTSD according to trauma type. Methods : The subjects of this study were 84 patients diagnosed with PTSD according to the DSM-IVTR and CAPS criteria. The subjects ranged in age from 18 to 76 years, and they were recruited from 18 hospitals across the nation. All participants were asked about their trauma history, and they all completed the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Korean-Physical Somatic Symptom Inventory (K-PSI). The items of the K-PSI were categorized into 5 groups according to organ system, and the participants were classified into 6 groups according to trauma type. We compared the results of the social demographical scale, DTS, BDI, STAI, IES-R and each recategorized subscale of the K-PSI among the six groups. Results : There were significant differences between the 6 groups in terms of the Korean-Physical Somatic Symptom Inventory scores for each organ system, except for the cardiopulmonary system, as well as the BDI scores. Post hoc analysis revealed differences between the combat-related trauma group and all other groups but not among any of the other groups. Conclusion : Our result showed that there were significant differences in the somatic symptom scores among the 6 trauma groups. However, patient age and the time elapsed since the traumatic event may have hada crucial influence on the result of this study.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.403-411
• /
• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 치과적 외상이 있는 소아청소년 입원환자의 치과 협진 의뢰에 대한 본원의 현황을 분석하고 발전 방향을 모색하는 것이다. 이에 2011년 3월부터 2017년 2월까지 6년간 원주세브란스기독병원 의과에 입원한 소아청소년 환자의 치과 협진 의뢰에 대한 후향적 분석을 하였다. 조사 항목으로 협진 의뢰 주소와 치과적 진단명, 협진 의뢰과, 치과적 외상 후 협진 의뢰 시기, 입원 기간과 치과적 외상 후 협진 의뢰 시기의 관계, 외상으로 의과에 입원하는 것과 치과적 외상 발생의 관계, 치과적 외상의 원인과 발생 나이, 치과적 외상에 대한 치료, 치과적 외상 환자의 퇴원 후 치과 외래 재내원 등이 있었다. 협진 의뢰 주소와 치과적 진단명에서 치과적 외상이 차지하는 비율이 가장 높았고, 협진 의뢰과는 외과 계열의 진료과가 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 입원 기간과 치과적 외상 후 협진 의뢰 시기는 양의 상관 관계를 보였다. 외상을 이유로 의과에 입원하는 것과 치과적 외상 발생은 통계적으로 유의하게 연관이 있었고, 교통 사고로 인해 의과에 입원한 환자의 경우 100% 치과적 외상이 동반되었다. 입원실에서 발생한 치과적 외상 환자의 나이는 유의하게 적었다. 치과적 외상과 입원 중 치료, 치과적 외상과 퇴원 후 치과 외래 재내원은 각각 통계적으로 유의한 연관이 없었다. 교통 사고에 의해 의과에 입원한 소아청소년 환자에 대해서 치과적 외상이 동반될 가능성이 크고, 치과 협진 의뢰 시기가 지연될 수 있다. 어린 소아 환자의 경우 입원실에서 치과적 외상의 발생 가능성이 크다. 또한, 치과적 외상 환자의 입원 중 치료와 퇴원 후 치과 외래 재내원이 잘 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이와 같은 결과들에 대해 협진 의뢰 체계의 개선, 입원 병동 내 전담 인력 배치와 치과 시설 및 장비 구비, 의과 주치의에 대한 교육, 주치의 간의 원활한 의사소통 등이 대안이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 의과와 치과의 교육 및 연구 자료로 활용되어 치과적 외상이 있는 소아청소년 입원환자의 치과 협진 의뢰에 관한 발전에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제60권6호
• /
• pp.710-716
• /
• 2017

Objective : Among pediatric injury, brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability. To improve outcomes, many developed countries built neurotrauma databank (NTDB) system but there was not established nationwide coverage NTDB until 2009 and there have been few studies on pediatric traumatic head injury (THI) patients in Korea. Therefore, we analyzed epidemiology and outcome from the big data of pediatric THI. Methods : We collected data on pediatric patients from 23 university hospitals including 9 regional trauma centers from 2010 to 2014 and analyzed their clinical factors (sex, age, initial Glasgow coma scale, cause and mechanism of head injury, presence of surgery). Results : Among all the 2617 THI patients, total number of pediatric patients was 256. The average age of the subjects was 9.07 (standard deviation${\pm}6.3$) years old. The male-to female ratio was 1.87 to 1 and male dominance increases with age. The most common cause for trauma were falls and traffic accidents. Age (p=0.007), surgery (p<0.001), mechanism of trauma (p=0.016), subdural hemorrhage (SDH) (p<0.001), diffuse axonal injury (DAI) (p<0.001) were statistically significant associated with severe brain injury. Conclusion : Falls were the most common cause of trauma, and age, surgery, mechanism of trauma, SDH, DAI increased with injury severity. There is a critical need for effective fall and traffic accidents prevention strategies for children, and we should give attention to these predicting factors for more effective care.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제62권2호
• /
• pp.243-255
• /
• 2019

Objective : Although traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in people of all age groups, the elderly population is at a particular risk. The proportion of elderly population in the society is markedly increasing and Korea is one of the most rapidly aging societies. Here, we analyzed the data from 904 patients older over 65 years who were registered in the Korean Neuro-Trauma Data Bank System (KNTDBS). Methods : The Korean Society of Neurotraumatology recorded data from 20 institutions between September 2010 and March 2014. This retrospective study examined the clinical epidemiology, sex difference, outcome epidemiology, sociodemographic variables, and outcomes in the geriatric population related to TBI based on data from the KNTDBS. Results : The study included 540 men and 364 women. The age distributions in the male and female groups were statistically significantly different. The most common cause of trauma was a fall and diagnosis was acute subdural hematoma. The incidence was the highest in men aged 80-84 years and in women aged 75-79 years. The most common time of arrival to hospital after TBI was within 1 hour and 119 rescue team provided first aid earliest to patients with TBI. The mortality rate stratified according to the cause of trauma was significantly different, with mortality rates of 3.77% in fall and 11.65% in traffic accident. The mortality rates according the severity of brain injury, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and treatment were statistically significant. Conclusion : To our knowledge, this study is the first to focus on elderly patients with TBI in Korea and particularly investigate mortality and characteristics related to TBI-related death based on data from the KNTDBS. Although the study has some limitations, our results may be used to obtain useful information to study targeted prevention and more effective treatment options for older TBI patients and establish novel treatment guidelines and health polish for the geriatric population.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.435-440
• /
• 2023

Mesenteric injury occurs rarely in cases associated with blunt abdominal trauma. Despite its low incidence, mesenteric injury can lead to fatal outcomes such as hypovolemic shock due to hemoperitoneum or sepsis due to intestinal ischemia, or perforation-related peritonitis. For mesenteric injuries, especially those involving massive bleeding, intestinal ischemia, and perforation, the standard treatment is surgery. However, in the case of operative management, it should be borne in mind that there is a possibility of complications and mortality during and after surgery. The usefulness of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is well known in solid organs but is controversial for mesenteric injury. We present a 75-year-old man with mesenteric injury due to blunt abdominal trauma. Initial abdominal computed tomography showed no hemoperitoneum, but a mesenteric contusion and pseudoaneurysm with a diameter of 17 mm were observed near the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. Since there were no findings requiring emergency surgery such as free air or intestinal ischemia, it was decided to perform nonoperative management with TAE using microcoils in hybrid emergency room system. TAE was performed successfully, and there were no complications such as bleeding, bowel ischemia, or delayed bowel perforation. He was discharged on the 23rd day after admission with percutaneous catheter drainage for drainage of mesenteric hematoma. The authors believe that treatment with TAE for highly selected elderly patients with mesenteric injuries has the positive aspect of minimally invasive management, considering the burden of general anesthesia and the various avoidable intraoperative and postoperative complications.