• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.19-23
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• 2001

In addition to landfilling and incineration, waste minimization and recycling have become priorities in Taiwan's municipal waste management strategies over the past 10 years. Major recycling initiatives being implemented in Taiwan include producer responsibility, "pay-as-you-throw, " and mandatory sorting provisions. Currently, the producer responsibility regime established under the Waste Disposal Act and administered by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) requires that manufacturers or importers of listed items, including containers, batteries. cars, motorcycles ("scooters"), tires, oil, televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, computers, and printers, pay recycling fees to government recycling funds. EPA then uses the recycling funds to subsidize collection and recycling. The 2001 recycling fund budget totals NT$57 billion (NT$35 = US$l). Under the producer responsibility regime, EPA-designated retailers ("sellers") must accept end-of-life items returned to them by the consumers. At the local level, Taipei City implements a pay-as-you-throw program, whereby citizens pay waste collection and treatment fees through the purchase of special trash bags approved by the Taipei City Government. However. recyclables that are separated by citizens are collected free-of-charge by the City. Taichung City and Kaohsiung City, on the other hand, enforce mandatory sorting schemes, whereby citizens face penalties if they don't separate recyclables from the trash before pick-up. These programs have resulted in a significant reduction in municipal waste. Per capita waste collected per day has dropped from 1.143 kg in 1997 to 0.978 kg in 2000. Targeting a 10% recycling rate for municipal waste in 2001. EPA plans to research and develop new recycling techniques, expand the scope of producer responsibilities, and strengthen existing municipal recyclable collection programs. To this end, among other initiatives, EPA has prepared a draft "Resource Recycling and Reuse Act" that would complement the existing producer responsibility programs by incorporating into the current recycling framework the concept of product life-cycle management.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.415-421
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• 2004

Litter wastes on highway runoff are gradually being considered one of the major pollutants of concern in protecting the integrity of receiving waters for beneficial use. The California State Water Resources Control Board has identified in their 303(d) list at least 36 water bodies where trash or litter is considered a pollutant of concern. The first TMDL adopted by the Region 4 (Los Angeles area) of the California State Water Quality Control Board was for trash in the Los Angeles River. The first flush characteristic study was developed to obtain first flush water quality and litter data from representative stormwater runoff from standard highway drainage outfalls in the Los Angeles area. Total captured gross pollutants in stormwater runoff were monitored at six Southern California highway sites over two years. The gross pollutants were 90% vegetation and 10% litter. Approximately 50% of the litter was composed of biodegradable materials. The event mean concentrations show an increasing trend with antecedent dry days and a decreasing trend with total runoff volume or total rainfall. Event mean concentrations were ranged 0.0021 to 0.259g/L for wet gross pollutants and 0.0001 to 0.027g/L for wet litters. The first flush phenomenon was evaluated and the impacts of various parameters such as rainfall intensity, drainage area, peak flow rate, and antecedent dry period on litter volume and loading rates were evaluated. First flush phenomenon was generally observed for litter concentrations, but was not apparent with litter mass loading rates. Litter volume and loading rates appear to be directly related to peak storm intensity, antecedent dry days and total flow volume.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.110-119
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• 2014

Product design should reflect environment and experience of use in consideration of product's role as well as roles in life. In doing so, it is expected to realize interaction between product's role and users. Therefore, design of a recycling bin should also consider not only colors, shape, or materials but also process and experience of use. This study was conducted targeting public recycling bins in Beijing. As for the study method, first concept of a recycling bin was defined while specifying significance of recycling in Beijing City. Also, advanced research on recycling related policies that are currently being promoted was carried out. Second, current status of recycling in Beijing and problems of recycling bins were analyzed through on-campus survey. Lastly, users' psychological demand on a recycling bin was assessed and analyzed to suggest developmental direction of recycling bin design in the future.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.382-396
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the transition of glamour style expressed in modern fashion throughout the history. The glamour style in modern fashion was categorized into five periods which are Hollywood glamour(H), Feminine glamour(F), Rich glamour(R), Decadent glamour(D), and Trash glamour(T). These categories were analyzed and compared in the viewpoint of aesthetic values deduced on the previous study. As a method of analysis, literature study and case study through the publications in aesthetics, history and preceding theses were used. The results of analysis are: Ostentatious luxury was suggested by extravagance of the movie star in H, the splendid American lifestyle in F, conspicuous consumption in R, fin de siecle bad taste in D and self-assured exposure in T. Mysterious idolatry was studied as exaggerated goddesshood of the movie star in H. It was expanded to celebrities including fashion models, television actresses, pop singers and young couture designers in the other periods. Artificial sensuality was originated from the femme fatale image of the courtesan as well as the traditional femininity of Victorian era in H. It was developed through exaggerated hourglass silhouette of the wife dressing in F. But an aggressiveness in R, a hyper-sexual femme fatale in D, an independent and defiant image of the showgirl in T were observed. Playful queerness stood out clearly by the fin de siecle phenomena. Though it was embodied in sexual perversive subculture, it emerged as hi fashion by young designers in the late R and became a crucial aesthetic value throughout D and T. It is more connected with the origins of glamour which arouses sexual ambiguity, crudity, aggressiveness and death. The continuity and discontinuity of the glamour style based on the theory of 'linked solution' were also analyzed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary school students' awareness about socio-scientific issues and solutions about environmental topics by using their drawings. For this study, 489 students were participated in 3 provincial regions, Incheon, Dangjin and Pohang in Korea. The students participated in a drawing activity to express their ideas of the socio-scientific issues and solutions related to 'environmental problems.' The analysis of the data include that the students displayed most awareness towards air pollution, water pollution and trash problems. However, the global environmental problems such as global warming and climate change were perceived very low. The interesting thing was about 8% of the students, who drew global environmental problems, tried to explain their drawings using scientific knowledge. But they revealed misconceptions as well. For instance, they were not good at connecting their science knowledge with environmental problems. About 80% of the students drew the pictures, showing solutions in personal context. They mainly drew 3 kinds of solutions: 'Reduce trash', 'Preserve ecosystem' and 'Saving of resources & energy'. Most students suggested to administrate the action plans. About 19% of the students drew 'campaign to save the forest' or 'develop alternative energy' in social context. And only 1 student drew UN conference to solve the environmental problems in national context.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 1996

This study conducted to determine the attitude on environment pollution by Pohang city citizens. 1,059 Pohang city citizens in the age group 20 and over were chosen and surveyed by officials's interview at Up, Myun and Dong during the period 6 September to 20 September 1995. The issue problems to be solved in Pohang city were traffic control 47.3%, environment pollution 22.7%, cultural institutions 11.6%, water service 9.9%, education system 5.1% and community security 2.1%. The 55.1% of subjects responded that responsibility for environment pollution is every citizens duty. The trash from houses were 'garbage'(48.1%), 'waste of life'(21.8%), 'reuse trash'(15.6%) and 'one use thing'(14.5%) in order. The 66.9% of subjects responded that the trash's standard envelopes can be easily tear and its texture is not good. The respondents sometimes or often had experienced foreign bodies, sediment in the water service supply. The 45.9% of the respondents use natural water as drinking water, and the water service supply(26.7%), underground water(17.0%) and buying water(9.3%) were followed. Pertaining to the air pollution(by percent) was pollution of the steel industry complex 78.0%, combustive gas 16.6% and construction dust 1.7%. The respondents at southern district complained of respiratory tract by air pollution and the respondents at northern district complained of the visual disturbance and the offensive odor(P<0.05). Water pollution problem is factory's wastewater 56.2%, home wastewater 36.4% and livestock's wastewater 5.6% in order. The respondents at southern district complained of the noise pollution by airplanes and factories at the afternoon and the respondents at northern district complained of the noise pollution by vehicles(P<0.05).

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementing level of housewife's manage-ment behavior related to reducing environmental pollution and the effects of three variable-groups on management behavior related to reducing environmental pollution. The research data were collected by structured questionnare and 544 cases were finnally selected. The data analysis was conducted by the method of frequency mean Pearson's correla-tion multiple regression. The major findings were as follows: 1) The implementing level of housewife's overall management behavior slightly high. 2) Wife's value(ecologicalism materialism expediency social-enviromental resources(degree of masscom contact degree of meeting with neighbors. refuse box) were significant predictors of the level of overall management behavior And Background variables(wife's aged and educa-tion level & job household income occupation of husband) had not significant effect on the level of overall management behavior. The most influential variable-group on the level of overall management behavior and buying cleaning & dishwashing cooking laundry activities was Wife's value. But the most influential variable-group on the implementing level of disposing trash was social-environmental resources.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.103.2-103.2
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• 2010

Biodiesel was well known for eco-friendly alternative fuel for petrodiesel. But biodiesel have disadvantage such like it was derived from food resource which was high price. In this study, We synthesized the biodiesel from duck's oil which was food trash via transesterification under base catalyst. After analytic result of density, kinematic viscosity, cold temperature characteristics, lubricity and cetane number which were main fuel characteristics, this duck's biodiesel have enough to fuel specification for except of domestic winter season.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2004

Not only consumers but also corporations need to use and develop sustainable consumption for environmental preservation these days. This research studied the level of environmental consciousness, knowledge of environmental problems and consumption behavior for environmentally sustainable home electrical goods. This study was conducted by survey method and the sample was 300 housewives aged 20-50 living in Seoul and urban areas in 2003. The consciousness for the environment and seriousness of theenvironmental problems were very high. Nevertheless, the level of consumption behavior for environmentally sustainable goods was lower than the consciousness. Of the total sample, 33% were aware of the ultrasonic-waves-sink, 73% of the non-detergent-wash machine, 50% of the vacuum-without-trash envelope, and only 17% of the micro-oven-zero air power. Over 50% of the sample wanted to buy these environmentally sustainable, home electrical goods, especially working housewives.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.235-237
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• 2007

Concerns on environmental issues and global warming are increasing worldwide. Environmental regulations such as Tokyo Protocol, RoHS, WEEE are also getting harder and harder and used as trade barriers. Different from other manufacturing industries, information and communication industry is basically environment friendly-low emission of harmful materials and little consumption of energy. But information and communication industry can contribute to world environment by recycle articles in disuse and properly process discarded trash. Furthermore, by using more renewable energy, it can reduce the $CO_2$ emission, one of the major the green house gas.