• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.397-405
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• 2010

This study proposes visualization methods of the diurnal passenger flows on the Metropolitan Seoul Subway system (MSSs) and examines the passenger trip behaviors of major central business districts (CBDs). We mine the MSS passenger flow information from a single day T-card passenger trip transaction database. It is practically intractable to analyze such flows, involving huge, complex space-time data, by means of general statistical analysis. On the other hand, dynamic visualizations of the passenger flows make it possible to analyze intuitively and to grasp effectively characteristics of the passenger flows. We thus propose several methods to visualize the passenger flow information. In particular, we visualize dynamic passenger flows of each link on the subway network and analyze the time-space characteristics of passenger ridership for the three major CBDs. As the result, we can ascertain the strong association between CBD and subway line and clarify the distinction among three major CBDs in the diurnal patterns of subway passenger flow.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.100-109
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to explore factors that influence the use of intercity-bus services by means of applying a structural equation model. The data were collected by a questionnaire survey based on personal interviews with intercity-bus users in Chungcheongnam-do province. Analysis results show that environmental attributes of the bus service are more important than operational attributes. In the case of men, the cleanliness of bus stops and the ease of transportation card recharging are likely to be the most crucial factors. However, women are likely to consider the cleanliness of the bus as the most important factor affecting their satisfaction about the intercity-bus service. Moreover, as people's satisfaction about the bus service increases, their willingness to recommend the use of intercity-bus to others will increase. Therefore, to improve the use of intercity-bus and to increase the satisfaction about the service, clean buses must be provided. These results could contribute to developing a policy to activate the use of intercity-bus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.135-137
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• 2014

The expansion of the transportation card, and the popularity of smart phones has been increasing social concern about the NFC technology. Has been focused on the use of e-commerce, most of the NFC, fulfilling the security problems or technical topic for this, but the reality is that the current debate on the new value added contents industry and a nonexistent connection. Leverage NFC for efficient order management system in order to build lunch or dinner by being pushed to ease restrictions on remodeling and renovation projects Food Truck vehicle through a small business support programs in the current government, but increasing interest in the Food Truck I study a model of ordering system for food truch 재소 s-guide system. A lot of the effectiveness of management as appropriate to the use of NFC for small business that operates as a server system is highly Food Truck tendencies tied to one router and server on the intranet without the need of internet connection system. I believe in this study S-Guide system contributes for business success for food truck of small business.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.5 s.83
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• pp.157-167
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• 2005

Seoul metropolitan public transport reform results in the introduction of the semi-public operation and distance-based fare policies. With implementation of these policies, public transport revenue allocation has been (will be) evolved very complicated because the existing revenue allocation issues have not only been clearly solved, which is generated by the combined relationship among Korea Railroad Corporation (KRC). Seoul Metropolitan Subway Corporation (SMSC). Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation (SMRTC), and Incheon Rapid Transit Corporation (IRTC), but also the revenue allocation problem between bus and urban railroad-related organizations need to be considered in this combined framework. On top of that. based on the future plans such as the private sector's railroad construction plan(s), the light rail transit construction plans of several local governments and the join of remained bus lines of Seoul metropolitan areas, it is understood that the revenue allocation among public transport operating organization will become one of main issues of operation organization as well as local and central governments. As a basic approach for revenue allocation of public transport operation organizations, the purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated model applicable to estimate degree of service contribution in passenger carriage in the combined public transport network. With a hypothesis that the complete electronic card system is deployed, this paper supposes every passenger's loading and alighting stations is recordable. Thereby, this paper limits research scope as to Seoul metropolitan railroad area since used route(s) between origin and destination stations can not be traceded because transfer stations each passenger path through is not recorded. Each model proposed in the paper is as follows: 1. a generalized cost reflecting passenger's transfer behavior; 2.a K path model for determining similar routes between O-D; 3.an assignment model for loading O-D trips onto the detected similar routes using Logit Model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to actualize a statistical model of the 3-detector simplification model, which was proposed to detect outbreak situations by Daganzo in 1997 and to verify the statistical appropriacy thereof. This study presents the calculation process of the 3-detector simplification model and realizes the process using a statistics program. Firstly, the model was applied using data on detector of the main highways on which there is no entrances or exits. Moreover, in order to statistically verify the 3-detector simplification model, accumulative traffics for 30 seconds period, which reflects the dynamic changes of traffics due to shock wave, were estimated for outbreak traffics and steady flow, and the error of acquired data was statistically compared with that of the actual accumulative traffics. As a result, the error ratio between steady and incident cumulative flows has reached its maximum after 2-3 hours from an accident. Moreover, the incident traffic flows by accidents and the stade flows are heterogeneous in terms of their dispersion and means.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.193-211
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the management and support system affecting to the occupational health nursing services(OHNS) provided in group occupational health agencies(GOHA). Questionnaire was developed and distributed to 82 nurses who were working in GOHA and who agreed to participate in the survey. The results were as follow: 1. OH nurses responded were mostly in the age of twenty to thirties(89%), married(73.7%), technical college graduates(88.9%), worked in hospital(85.4%) and participated more than 1 year in group occupational health services (96.3%). 2. Fifty eight point four percent of the OH nurses worked in number of workplace more than 30 to less than 60 in the OHNS form. The figure of workplaces undertaken by nurses was ranged greatly from 9 to more than 100. Number of employees who cared by nurses were mostly under 5,000 peoples in 93.3%. The types of industry was mostly manufacturing and located in the order of factory complex area, suburban, urban and others. 3. Most OH nurses(87.8%) were fully involved in the OHNS for the SSE. Their working days to visit SSE was 5 days per week(77.8%) and one day in the GOHA at 41.3%. 4. The OH documents using by nurses were found in more than 23 different types. However, they were largely summarized in the types of 'Workplace Health Management Card', 'Personal Health Counselling Card', 'Daily Health Management Report', 'Visiting List of Workplace' and 'Sick Employee List'. 5. The items of laboratory test provided by GOHA were mostly achieved in the purpose of basic health examination. They were used to be the blood pressure check(98.8%), blood sugar test (98.8%), urine sugar and protein(91.4%), SGOT and SGPT(85.3% each), cholesterol (82.9%), hepa vaccine immunization(82.9%), r-GPT(81.7%), hemoglobin(79.3%) and triglyceride(75.5%). 6. The OH nurses(92.7%) followed the work pattern to visit the GOHA before and after small-scale enterprises(SSE) visit by car driven by nurses in 74.3%. They were payed by GOHA for transportation fees in certain amounts. However, nurse is the main person(75.0%) who covers up in case of traffic accident. If the GOHA has no transportation regulation for the formal workplace visit, data showed that nurses had been responsible to take charge(31.7%). 7. The personnel manager who takes in charge for nursing services was 'nurse' in 61.7% and 41.2% worked as the final decision maker related to nursing work. The OH nurses' opinions about factors affecting to the management were classified in the four areas such as 'Nature(Quality) of health professional'. 'Content of OHNS', 'Delivery system of the GOHS', and 'Others'. The factors were indicated highly in 'Authority as health professional', 'Level of perception of director on the OH' and 'Physical work condition for OHNS'. The things that this study suggests in the recommendation would be summarized in such as the management and supporting system working for SSE in the OHNS is necessary to reform thoroughly. The reconsidered aspects might be in the matters of number of workplaces undertaken by nurses, development of effectively practical health documents, preparation for guideline of the laboratory test in the workpleces, establishment of convenient and encouraging support system and cooperation between other health professionals with respect and skill.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.360-373
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• 2017

The BTO-a projects is the types, which has a demand risk among the type of PPP projects in Korea. When demand risk is realized, private investor encounters financial difficulties due to lower revenue than its expectation and the government may also have a problem in stable infrastructure operation. In this regards, the government has applied various risk sharing policies in response to demand risk. However, the amount of government's risk sharing is the government's contingent liabilities as a result of demand uncertainty, and it fails to be quantified by the conventional NPV method of expressing in the text of the concession agreement. The purpose of this study is to estimate the value of investment risk sharing by the government considering the demand risk in the profit sharing system (BTO-a) introduced in 2015 as one of the demand risk sharing policy. The investment risk sharing will take the form of options in finance. Private investors have the right to claim subsidies from the government when their revenue declines, while the government has the obligation to pay subsidies under certain conditions. In this study, we have established a methodology for estimating the value of investment risk sharing by using the Black - Scholes option pricing model and examined the appropriateness of the results through case studies. As a result of the analysis, the value of investment risk sharing is estimated to be 12 billion won, which is about 4% of the investment cost of the private investment. In other words, it can be seen that the government will invest 12 billion won in financial support by sharing the investment risk. The option value when assuming the traffic volume risk as a random variable from the case studies is derived as an average of 12.2 billion won and a standard deviation of 3.67 billion won. As a result of the cumulative distribution, the option value of the 90% probability interval will be determined within the range of 6.9 to 18.8 billion won. The method proposed in this study is expected to help government and private investors understand the better risk analysis and economic value of better for investment risk sharing under the uncertainty of future demand.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2022

The recommended meal composition allows the general people to organize meals using the number of intakes of foods from each of six food groups (grains, meat·fish·eggs·beans, vegetables, fruits, milk·dairy products and oils·sugars) to meet Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) without calculating complex nutritional values. Through an integrated analysis of data from the 6th to 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2013-2018), representative foods for each food group were selected, and the amounts of representative foods per person were derived based on energy. Based on the EER by age and gender from the KDRIs, a total of 12 kinds of diets were suggested by differentiating meal compositions by age (aged 1-2, 3-5, 6-11, 12-18, 19-64, 65-74 and ≥ 75 years) and gender. The 2020 Food Balance Wheel included the 6th food group of oils and sugars to raise public awareness and avoid confusion in the practical utilization of the model by industries or individuals in reducing the consistent increasing intakes of oils and sugars. To promote the everyday use of the Food Balance Wheel and recommended meal compositions among the general public, the poster of the Food Balance Wheel was created in five languages (Korean, English, Japanese, Vietnamese and Chinese) along with card news. A survey was conducted to provide a basis for categorizing nutritional problems by life cycles and developing customized web-based messages to the public. Based on survey results two types of card news were produced for the general public and youth. Additionally, the educational program was developed through a series of processes, such as prioritization of educational topics, setting educational goals for each stage, creation of a detailed educational system chart and teaching-learning plans for the development of educational materials and media.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.176-186
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• 2009

Transportation policy to facilitate the public mode use is of the foremost importance to the local governments of Metropolitan Seoul, regarding the economic and environmental consequences of the increasing use of car. Understanding the travel behaviour is essential to the establishment of proper policy to guide more people to the use of public modes instead of private. The paper reports a result of sequential analysis of individual travel behaviour in Metropolitan Seoul, using a multi-dimensional motif search technique applied to Smart Card data that integrates individuals' different public mode uses. Groups of travel patterns with similar sequential information identified distinctive travel behaviour between Seoul north and south and between metro and bus uses. Travel patterns are more bounded within north Seoul and south Seoul respectively than crossing Han River between north and south. Within north and south, travel patterns visiting northern CBD and southern CBD, respectively, as well as their local neighbour in north and south, often use metro and metro-local bus combination, while travel patterns visiting only the north and south locals without CBDs more use only the local bus line and even only the areal bus line.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2019

Recently, the Korean military has been drastically reducing its active-duty troops due to rapid demographic changes and the reconciliatory mode between the two Koreas. Under these circumstances, the wartime reserve forces play an important role. In times of war, a successful personal mobilization is critical especially in early combat stage. Previous research has been carried out using insufficient data collected only within the military and there have been limitations on empirical analysis due to changes in the designation methods for personal mobilization. This study analyzes how much of the reserve forces can be filled at the prescribed time by analyzing the transportation route of the reserve forces in wartime by utilizing military-related data and credit card usage data of the reserve forces residing in Yong-in city. The analysis showed that all reserve forces could not be called up within the prescribed time. In particular, Gangwon Province has shown results of less than 70 percent call-ups, and could cause serious weakening of combat capabilities in the early stages of the war. The main reasons could be the difference between the actual residence and the residence address and the excessive time caused by the traffic congestion.