• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.808-812
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• 2015

Highly optical transparent photoelectric devices were realized by using a transparent metal-oxide semiconductor heterojunction of p-type NiO and n-type ZnO. A functional template of ITO nanowires (NWs) was applied to this transparent heterojunction device to enlarge the light-reactive surface. The ITO NWs/n-ZnO/p-NiO heterojunction device provided a significant high rectification ratio of 275 with a considerably low reverse saturation current of 0.2 nA. The optical transparency was about 80% for visible wavelengths, however showed an excellent blocking UV light. The nanostructured transparent heterojunction devices were applied for UV photodetectors to show ultra fast photoresponses with a rise time of 8.3 mS and a fall time of 20 ms, respectively. We suggest this transparent and super-performing UV responser can practically applied in transparent electronics and smart window applications.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.55-60
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• 2008

This study is on the analysis of power output of transparent thin-film PV windows which are integrated into the building envelope instead of traditional windows. 3 installation angles of vertical, horizontal and $30^{\circ}C$ inclination are investigated. To measure power output of PV windows, full scale mock-up house was designed and constructed. The power performance of PV window system was analyzed for horizontal angle, declination angle and vertical angle according to incline angle. Monitoring data are gathered from November 2006 to August 2007 and statistical analysis is performed to analysis a characteristics of power performance of transparent PV windows. Results show that annual power output of PV window with horizontal angle is 844.4kWh/kWp/year, declination angle 1,060kWh/kWp/year and vertical angle 431.6 kWh/kWp/year.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

Semi-transparent Photovoltaics (STPV) works as an exterior material replacing windows as well as functioning as a electricity generator. As a result, it also affects the building's heating, cooling and lighting loads. In this study, we used the concept of Net Electricity Benefit(NEB) to conduct a parametric analysis of building energy impact of STPV. The NEB of STPV is from $-1kWh/m^2$ to $6kWh/m^2$. Since NEB represents the amount of energy increase or decrease when STPV is applied compared to the standard window, a value of 0 or less means that the demand for building energy can be increased rather than applying a general window having high thermal performance and high visible light transmittance value. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a comprehensive performance evaluation considering both the performance evaluation based on the existing power generation performance and the influence on the building energy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.107-109
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• 1998

The $SnO_2$, Sn-doped $In_2O+3\; and \;Ce-doped\; TiO_2$ films have been prepared by RF sputtering method, and their opto-electrochemical properties were investigated in view of the applicability as counter electrodes in the electrochromic window system. These oxide films could reversibly intercalate $Li^+$ ions owing to the nanocrystalline texture, but remained colorless and transparent. The high transmittance of the lithiated films could be attributed to the prevalence of the $Sn^{4+}/Sn^{2+}\; and\; Ce^{4+}/Ce^{3+}$ redox couples having 5s and 6s character conduction bands, respectively. For the Ce-doped $TiO_2$ film, $(TiO_2)_{1-x}(CeO_2)_x$, an optimized electrochemical reversibility was found in the film with the composition of x = 0.1.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2004

In this paper, we investigate the impact of window mechanisms on end to end delay in a series of nodes with constant service times. It is shown that arbitrary combinations of window mechanisms, each applying to an arbitrary subset of data, can be embedded on the nodes without affecting the departure instants from the system if the windows are at least as large as the number of nodes spanned. The window mechanisms are shown to have no impact on the average end to end delay of data. As the condition on the windows is a minimal necessary requirement for full parallelism, the results show that the transparent operation from viewpoint of data transmission can be achieved with minimal resources.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2017

We fabricated two different transparent conducting oxide thin films of ZnO doped with Ga ($Ga_2O_3$ 0.9 wt%) as well as Al ($Al_2O_3$ 2.1 wt%) (GAZO) and ZnO doped only with Al ($Al_2O_3$ 3 wt%) (AZO). It was investigated how it affects the moisture resistance of the transparent electrode. In addition, $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ thin film solar cells with two transparent oxides as front electrodes were fabricated, and the correlation between humidity resistance of transparent electrodes and device performance of solar cells was examined. When both transparent electrodes were exposed to high temperature distilled water, they showed a rapid increase in sheet resistance and a decrease in the fill factor of the solar cell. However, AZO showed a drastic decrease in efficiency at the beginning of exposure, while GAZO showed that the deterioration of efficiency occurred over a long period of time and that the long term moisture resistance of GAZO was better.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2014

In this study, Sputtering method was used to grow Al-dopes ZnO films on a CIGS absorber layer, in order to examine the effect of TCO on properties of CIGS solar cell devices. Structural, electrical and optical properties were investigated by varied thickness of Al-dopes ZnO films. Also, relation to the application as a window layer in CIGS thin film solar cell were studied. It was found that the electrical and structural properties of ZnO:Al film improved with increasing its thickness. However, the optical properties degraded. Jsc of the fabricated CIGS based solar cells was significantly influenced by the variation of the ZnO:Al window layer thickness. Because ZnO:Al window layer is one of the Rs factors in CIGS solar cell. Rs has the biggest influence on efficiency characteristic. In order to obtain high efficiency of CIGS solar cell, ZnO:Al window layer should be fabricated with electrically and optically optimized.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.300.2-300.2
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• 2016

Increasing of the demand for energy savings for buildings, thermal barrier films have more attracted. In particular, as heat loss through the windows have been pointed out to major problems in the construction and automobile industries, the research is consistently conducted for improving the thermal blocking performance for windows. The main theory of the technology is reflect the infrared rays to help the cut off the inflow of the solar energy in summer and outflow of the heat from indoors in winter to save the energy on cooling and heating. Furthermore, this is well known for prevent glare, reduces fading caused by harmful ultraviolet radiation and easy to apply on constructed buildings if it made as a film. In addition to these advantages, apply the transparent electrode to eliminate condensation by heating. Generally ITO is used as a transparent electrode, but is has a low stability in environmental factors. In this study, ITO and its alternative, ATO, is deposited by sputtering system and then the characteristic is evaluated each material based thermal barrier thin film. The optical property was measured on wide range of wavelength (200 nm 2500 nm) to know the transparency in visible wavelength and reflectivity in IR wavelength range. The electrical property was judged by sheet resistivity. Finally the changes of the temperature and current of the deposited film was observed while applying a DC power.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.983-991
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 정사각형 밀폐공간에서 밑면과 윗면이 각각 고온과 저온부이고 좌측, 우측면일부가 단열이며 우측면 일부는 저온부인 온돌공간으로 가정하였다. 일 사에너지가 우측면 저온부(창)으로 통과된 경우와 통과되지 않는 경우의 표면복사와 자연대류에 관하여 연구하였다.그리고 창에서 일사 에너지가 존재하는 표면복사의 경우는 표면복사와 구별하기 위하여 일사복사로 취급하였다. 표면복사 열전달을 해 석하기 위해서는 Hottel에 의해 고안된후 보안 발전된 정미복사방법(net radiation method)을 이용하여 벽면에서의 정미 복사량을 구하였으며 형상계수(shape factor)를 구하기 위하여 교차선방법(crossed string method)을 이용하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 RF/DC 마그네트론 증착법을 이용하여 유리 기판 상에 실온에서 TIZO/Ag/TIZO 다층막 투명전극 필름을 증착하였다. 전체 박막 두께 60 nm TIZO/Ag/TIZO (10 nm/10 nm/40 nm)로 이루어진 다층막의 경우 650 nm에서 투과도는 86.5%, 면저항 값은 8.1 Ω/□를 나타냈으며, 적외선(열선)을 효과적으로 차단할 수 있는 투과도 특성 때문에 향후 에너지 절약형 스마트 윈도우로서의 적용도 가능할 것으로 판단된다. TIZO/Ag/TIZO 다층막 투명전극을 적용한 폴리에스터 아크릴레이트 기반 고분자분산액정(polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, PDLC) 시스템에 있어서 액정과 prepolymer의 함량비, PDLC 코팅층의 두께 및 자외선 세기 변화에 따른 전기광학 특성 및 표면 형태학에 미치는 영향이 조사되었다. 15 ㎛의 PDLC 층 두께에 1.5 mW/cm²의 UV 세기로 광경화된 TIZO/Ag/TIZO 다층막 투명전극 적용 PDLC 셀이 전반적으로 양호한 구동 전압과 on-state 투과도 및 뛰어난 off haze를 나타냈으며, PDLC 복합체의 고분자 매트릭스 표면에 형성된 액정 droplet들은 입사광을 효율적으로 산란시킬 수 있는 1~3 ㎛ 크기를 갖고 있었다. 또한, 본 연구에서 제조된 TIZO/Ag/TIZO 다층막 투명전극 적용 PDLC 기반 스마트 윈도우는 연한 갈색의 색조를 띠고 있어서 심미적 측면에서 색다른 장점을 부여할 것으로 기대된다.