• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.130-136
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• 2014

This paper reviews the research on silicon based phased array system operating from microwave to millimeter wave frequencies. First, the design of phase shifter using CMOS technology is presented. The passive phase shifter is applied to the transmit/receive module from one to 16 channel in a single chip. The 35 GHz 4-element T/R module consumes less than 200 mW both transmit and receive modes. The architecture can extend to 16-channel operating at 44 GHz, thereby improving transmit power and linearity. The Ku-band 2-antenna 4-element receiver was developed using active phase shifter based on vector sum method. It is important to minimize coupling between beams because the chip contains four independent beams. The method of coupling is presented and verified.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.135-141
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• 2008

The utilization techniques for multiple transmit and receive antennas or high capacity modulation schemes are essential to cope with the rapidly increasing demand for realizing more diverse wireless communication services with high rates. However, employing multiple receive antennas at the mobile units seems less practical due at the size and power limitations. Therefore, transmit diversify techniques have been extensively investigated for the downlink transmission to improve the performance In order to overcome the above mentioned problems, we construct a simulation model which combines STC and polarization diversity which scheme is requiring less cost to realize. Multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) is an attractive modulation scheme for wireless communication due to the high spectral efficiency it provides. Thus, the performance for our scheme is presented when 16QAM modulation techniques are applied. and compared with the former schemes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.7C
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• pp.617-623
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• 2005

In this paper, new space-time block codes achieving full rate and full diversity for QAM and quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels when using 3 transmit antennas are proposed. These codes are constructed by serially concatenating the constellation rotating precoders with the Alamouti scheme like the conventional A-ST-CR code Computer simulations show that all of the proposed codes achieve the coding gains greater than the existing ST-CR code, in which the best has approximately 1.5dB and 3dB larger coding gains than the ST-CR code for QPSK and 16-QAM, respectively, at average SER= 10$^{-5}$.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2010

In cluster-based wireless sensor networks, the energy could be saved when the nodes that have data to transmit participate in cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). In this paper, by making the idle nodes that have no data to transmit participate in the cooperative MIMO, it is found that much more energy could be saved. The number of the idle nodes that participate in the cooperative MIMO is optimized to minimize the total energy consumption. It is also found that the optimal number of all the nodes participating in cooperative communication does not vary with the number of nodes that have data to transmit. The proposition is proved mathematically. The influence of long-haul distance and modulation constellation size on the total energy consumption is investigated. A cooperative MIMO scheme with help-node participation is proposed and the simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves significant energy saving.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.7
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• pp.552-559
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• 2013

In this paper, the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with a precoder is considered in the transmit-correlated Rayleigh channels. We specifically target the MIMO system employing the minimum mean square error receivers. Based on random matrix theory, we first present a direct and generalized formulation for deriving a probability density function (PDF) of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Then, we derive the accurate closed-form SINR PDFs for a small number of transmit and receive antennas. Based on the SINR PDFs, tight closed-form approximations of the symbol error rate (SER) are derived. Our analysis suggests that the SER approximations can be used to accurately estimate the error probabilities or as a useful tool for the system design.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2018

In Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks, the transmit power control (TPC) mechanism consists of two parts: the open loop (OL) and closed loop. Most cellular networks consider OL/TPC because of its simple implementation and low operation cost. The analysis of OL/TPC parameters is essential for efficient resource management from the cellular operator's viewpoint. In this work, the impact of the OL/TPC parameters is investigated for homogeneous small cells and heterogeneous small-cell/macrocell network environments. A mathematical model is derived to compute the transmit power at the user equipment, the received power at the eNodeB, the interference in the network, and the received signal-to-interference ratio. Using the analytical platform, the effects of the OL/TPC parameters on the system performance in LTE networks are investigated. Numerical results show that, in order to achieve the best performance, it is appropriate to choose ${\alpha}_{small}=1$ and $P_{o-small}=-100dBm$ in a homogenous small-cell network. Further, the selections of ${\alpha}_{small}=1$ and $P_{o-small}=-100dBm$ in the small cells and ${\alpha}_{macro}=0.8$ and $P_{o-macro}=-100dBm$ in the macrocells seem to be suitable for heterogeneous network deployment.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1678-1681
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• 2004

The light-transmission technique has been applied to a slit rheometer for measuring red blood cell aggregation as well as blood viscosity over a range of shear rates. For measurement of blood viscosity and aggregation, instantaneous pressure and transmit-light intensity are measured with time. Using a precision pressure measurement, one can determine the shear stress and shear rate. In addition, a transmitted light through a blood sample indicates degree of RBC aggregation. With abruptly flowing with high shear rate, RBCs rapidly disaggregate and the intensity of the transmitted light becomes low. When continuously flowing with decreasing shear rate, RBCs tend to re-aggregate and the corresponding transmit-intensity gradually increases with time. The light intensity as a degree of RBC aggregation is plotted against shear rate and compared with blood viscosity. The advantages of this design are dual measurement at a time, simplicity, i.e., ease of operation and no moving parts, low cost, short operating time, and the disposable kit which is contacted with blood sample.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.153-158
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• 2017

Reducer is a device to transmit and change torque and speed from drive shaft to driven shaft with excellent transmission efficiency, and it is widely used in many areas today. Reduction gear consists of two axes, gear, bearing supporting axes, and housing. The simplest method to transmit rotation or power to multiple axes is to attach circular plates to two axes and contact each other. However, in this case, if increasing number of rotations or if contact pressure is small, because of slipping, it cannot transmit power. For problems for the current reducer case, it is heavy and its assembling and repair is difficult. In addition, there are few studies about manufacturing and performance testing of worm gear reducer, causing lack of the foundation to improve the product competition and the performance.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.609-614
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• 2015

Implanted telemetry systems provide the ability to monitor different species of animals while they move within their cages. Species monitored include mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, primates, sheep, horses, cattle, and others. A miniature transmitter implanted in each animal measures one or more parameters. Parameters measured include arterial pressure, intra-pleural pressure, left ventricular pressure, intra-ocular pressure, bladder pressure, ECG, EMG, EEG, EOG, temperature, activity, and other parameters and transmits the data via radio frequency signals to a nearby receiver. Every conventional dedicated transmitter contains one or more sensors, cpu and battery. Due to the expected life of the battery, the measuring time is limited. To overcome these problems, electromagnetic inductive coupling based wireless power transmission technology using multiple transmit coils were proposed, with each coil having a different active area driven by the coil driver. In this research, a parallel resonance based coil driver and serial resonance based coil driver are proposed. From the experiments we see that the parallel coil driver shows better performance under a low impedance and multiple coils configuration. However, the serial coil driver is more efficient for high impedance transmit coils.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.55-61
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• 2004

This paper proposes an antenna selection and switching system between spatial multiplexing and diversity techniques. The proposed system overcomes spatial correlation by using antenna selection method and improve bit error performance with switching encoding nudes between a spatial multipexing encoder and a diversity encoder. Therefore, in a 4 transmit and 2 receive antenna system first, the proposed system selects 2 transmit antennas, and next, switches encoding modes between Space-Time Transmit Diversity and BLAST according to instantaneous channel information. Computer simulations showed that the proposed system improves about 2 or 3 ㏈ SNR in low correlated channel and about 3 ㏈ SNR in highly correlated channel rather than a 2 by 2 antenna switching system.