• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.308-317
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• 2008

Throughout history, tableware has attained an important position in human culture, and historical eras are clearly reflected in the shape of tableware items, which are tied to the cultural background of foods. In particular, the distinctive qualities of foods within a food-culture, such as the means for cooking, storing, or eating, have impacted the usage and shape of tableware along with the food behaviors of individuals. Korea, China, and Japan have all played important roles in producing limitless amounts of high quality porcelain products and take pride in being leaders of the world's porcelain production industry. Based on their natural geographical proximity and political and cultural exchanges, these three countries have long influenced one another not only in terms of technical concepts but also in improving quality within the tableware industry. Thus, by comparing Korea, China, and Japan's evolutionary interdependable variance with regard to their tableware, food-culture, and food-behavior, one can provide information on the historical stream and cultural exchanges relevant to china and porcelain. Ultimately, through the examination of tableware, the conclusions of this conceptual study offer researchers a deeper understanding of the historical stance of food-culture and contribute new and useful information for the future.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.6 s.181
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• pp.689-697
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• 2006

Distribution and speciation of arsenic in water resources was investigated in the Ulsan mine area. In 62% of uoundwater samples from the mine area, total As concentrations exceeded 0.05 mg/l, the Korean Drinking Water Standard. As(V) was the major type in groundwater with minor As(III). Arsenic species appeared to be in transition stages following redox changes after exposure to the air through the monitoring wells. In areas around the mine, the mine and Cheongog spring appeared to be the sources of arsenic contamination of water resources. The spring showed 0.345 mg/1-As, as much as seven times of the Korean standard. Groundwater and stream samples showed As-concentrations greater than 0.05 mg/l in 30% and 33% samples, respectively, and 60 and 67% of samples exceeded 0.01 mg/l of WHO guideline, respectively. Again, As(V) was a dominant species, however, several samples had As(III) in appreciable levels. In one stream sample, organic species including DMA and AsB were detected in low levels, probably resulted from transformation or related biogeochemical processes.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2018

The activity period and feeding ecology of the Iksookimia yongdokensis were investigated to obtain baseline data for its ecological characteristics in the Chuksan Stream and Gokgang Stream, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea from 2015 to 2016. I. yongdokensis were active on cobble, pebble and sand bottom from March to November when the water temperature exceeded $10^{\circ}C$, but tended to overwinter in cobble and pebble during the winter months (December~February) when the water temperature was lower than $10^{\circ}C$. During the day from 9 am to 15 pm, individuals of I. yongdokensis were highly active with a high rate of food consumption. I. yongdokensis activley fed on the surface of stone, pebble and sand as a filter feeder. Their main food sources analyzed with an index of relative importance (IRI) include Chironomidae (54.7%), Branchiopoda (10.1%), Rotatoria (8.7%), Arcellidae (8.6%), Chlorophyceae (6.5%) and Bacillariophyceae (5.1%). Juveniles of I. yongdokensis (total length 20~39 mm) fed on small-sized preys such as Rotatoria, Branchiopoda and Arcellidae, but they exhibited a transition in their prey-size markedly dominated by large-sized preys such as Chironomidae and Ephemeroptera as they grow.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.322-334
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• 2010

Spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation in Korea, associated with the weakening of Tropical Cyclones (TCs) around the Korean Peninsula ($32-36^{\circ}N$, $122-132^{\circ}E$) over the last 30 years (1979-2008), were investigated. Weakened TCs are classified as WEC (Weakened to Extratropical Cyclone) and WTD (Weakened to Tropical Depression). In WEC, precipitation was evenly distributed all over the Korean Peninsula and the greater precipitation was recorded in the southern coast. In WTD, the most precipitation was recorded in the southern coast but low precipitation was recorded in the central and inland areas of Korea. The difference of precipitation between WEC and WTD was not statistically significant in Region 2 (Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, southeastern part of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeju-do); however, the precipitation resulting from WEC was greater than that resulting from WTD in Region 1 (central area of Korea, Jeollabuk-do, inland of Gyeongsangbuk-do). In WEC, the developed upper-level potential vorticity (PV) and low-level temperature trough shifted to the northwest of TCs approaching Korea. In addition, an upper-level jet stream and strong divergence field were observed to the northeast of the TCs. It was assumed that these meteorological factors had induced baroclinic instability and diabatic process, which created a large precipitation area around the TCs. However, the intense PV, temperature trough, jet stream were not observed in WTD, which created a small precipitation area around the TCs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1308-1312
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• 2016

Heavy metals such as gallium (Ga) cause serious physiological damage to exposed organisms, mostly of aquatic species. Ga one of the inter-metallic, transition elements increasingly being used in making high-speed semiconductors, such as Ga arsenide. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of Ga on acute toxicity, serum biochemical changes, and erythrocyte morphological changes in the blood stream of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Median lethal concentrations were determined in acute tests. The 96 hr $LC_{50}$ value was 9.15 mg/ml. Goldfish were exposed to different Ga concentrations (2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/ml) for 30 days to assess its toxic effects. The results indicate that the measured serum biochemistry parameters (including glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride) of the Ga-exposed fish groups differed significantly from the untreated fish group. In addition, a change in the erythrocytes' morphology at a high concentration (8.0 mg/ml) of Ga exposure shows respiratory problems. Our results suggest that 2.0 mg/ml is proposed as a biologically safe concentration that can be used for establishing tentative water quality criteria concerning the same-size goldfish.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.2 s.34
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• pp.41-59
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• 2003

Hugo $H\"{a}ring$(1882-1952) belonged to that special generation of architects born in the 1880s which became responsible for the establishment of Modern Movement in the 1920s as W. Gropius, Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, etc. Although he have been overlooked by many historian, He was a key figure of the Modern architecture and as the main theorist for Organic stream in German architecture. He is well-known for his theory of 'Neues Bauen(New Building)', the organic functionalism that is epitomized as the design process from the inside outwards, starting with the life-processes of dwelling. So he argued that the builder must become aware of the life process his building is to serve, and he should not impose a form but try to find the form. These concepts are expressed well in his key-words, the 'Organwerk(organ-work)' and 'Leistungsform(form as achievement)'s. $H\"{a}ring's$ theory can be found in the short early essay, 'Wege zur Form(approaches to form)' of 1925. But His concept of 'function' is based on the speciality and individual identity that concerned him from the start, not purely pragmatic aspects. After 1940s his theory moved increasingly in this direction. He defined this as the transition from 'Organwerk' to 'Gesetaltwerk', from mere anatomy to essence, being, personality, life. It suggest that Hugo Haring's idea of Gestalt is a dimension of mystical or symbolic meaning. This paper Is about the way in which this theoretical transition can be parallel with contemporary philosophers as E. Cassirer's philosophy of symbolic forms and M. Heldegger's phenomenology. And the key example of this viewpoint is (1921-1926) near Lubuk in Germany, with its 'cowshed' of pear shaped plan devised around the requirements and rituals of farm. This study presents the symbolic conception of Hugo $H\"{a}ring's$ theory can propose the ability of a symbolic intuition as a view that re-integrate technical thinking with knowledge of other kinds beyond the immediate material.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1525-1533
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• 2010

With the digital terrestrial television broadcasting transition, terrestrial television broadcasting have required the replacement of retransmission facilities for the analog broadcasting installed in the existing apartment, building, cable TV station, MATV system and so on. In addition, new standards have been enacted for retransmission of the digital television broadcasting in MATV system. To deal with this issue, in this paper, we propose a new 8-VSB remodulator that can retransmit signals of the terrestrial digital television broadcasting. Moreover, we present a standard and the process composition of the 8-VSB remodulator, and an experimental environment configuration for performance evaluation. To achieve this, we have implemented the 8-VSB remodulator with the sequential process components comprised of the RF signal retransmission, the TS stream modulator, the RF signal reception and demodulation. Through the simulation, we analyze the performance standard from the measured data such as spurious and phase noise. And then, we measure SNR and EVM of each attenuation step of the signal obtained by the signal processor and the 8-VSB remodulator with the same retransmission environment and conditions. Experimental results show that both the 8-VSB remodulator and the signal processor can be used as equipment for the retransmission of the terrestrial digital television broadcasting. In addition, the 8-VSB remodulator performed well to improve the transmission efficiency for the digital broadcasting signal, compare to the existing signal processor.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.422-426
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• 1977

Transition-metal-loaded zeolite Y catalysts were prepared from LaY by exchanging with cobalt, nickel and palladium ions, followed by reduction in a hydrogen stream. The reactions of 1-butene and n-butane were studied on Co-, Ni-and Pd-loaded Y as well as La-exchanged Y using micro-catalytic pulse technique. For 1-butene reaction Ni-, Co-, Pd-loaded Y and La-exchanged Y all showed high activity suggesting that the acidic component, not the metallic component, was primarily responsible for the activity. For n-butane reaction on La-exchanged Y, the addition of 1-butene enhanced the activity. Significant cracking conversion of n-butane was observed for Ni-and Pd-loaded Y. Activity was higher on samples reduced at higher temperature and of higher metal content. It seems that the dehydrogenation to butenes at metallic sites is the primary step in the n-butane cracking reaction. On Ni-Y the cracking product was C_1$ both from the mixture of 1-butane and hydrogen and from n-butane. It may be that on Ni-Y, n-butane is dehydrogenated to butenes and subsequently hydro-cracked to C_1$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.135-148
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• 2016

This study aimed to understand whether or not academic outcomes in digital studies shown in detailed field of costume were generated appropriately according to the development of digital technology by analyzing contents of studies in the digital-related studies, which were conducted with a background of the digital age. First, as a result of frequency of digital-related theses by the age of 'Internet Age(1994-2000)', 'Digital Age(2000-2009)', and 'Smart Life Age(After 2010)', which were classified according to the digital environmental changes, the number of theses increased drastically based on the transition point of each age. Second, representative keywords that appeared in each age included 'digital' and 'Internet' in the Internet Age, and 'digital', 'smart', 'Internet', '3D', and 'wearable' were shown in the 'Digital Age' and 'Smart Life Age'. Third, results of analysis according to the field of costume show that relevant studies were conducted in three fields of marketing/information, clothing construction and fashion design in the Internet Age, whereas the Digital Age produced relevant studies in all fields, and Smart Life Age was characterized by increase in studies in the field of fashion design and clothing construction. Fourth, results of analysis according to the contents of study show that relevant studies in the Internet Age were shown only in two subjects of 'preliminary study and trend of study' and 'studies using technical programs', and 'preliminary study and trend of study' decreased, but relevant studies in other fields of subject increased in the Smart Life Age. As shown above, relevant studies appeared as various subjects in many different detailed fields of costume in costume studies according to the stream of the Smart Life Age, which is growing fast recently, and is considered an inspiring result for development of studies in the field of costume according to the environment of the age.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.702-713
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• 2003

The importance of protection for data and information is increasing by the rapid development of information communication and network. And the concern for protecting private information is also growing due to the increasing demand for lots of services by users. Asymmetric cryptosystem is the mainstream in encryption system rather than symmetric cryptosystem by above reasons. But asymmetric cryptosystem is restricted in applying fields by the reason it takes more times to process than symmetric cryptosystem. In this paper, encryption system which executes authentication works of asymmetric cryptosystem by means of symmetric cryptosystem. The proposed cryptosystem uses an algorithms combines that combines block cipherment with stream cipherment and has a high stability in aspect of secret rate by means of transition of key sequence according to the information of plaintext while symmetric/asymmetric cryptosystem conducts encipherment/deciphermeent using a fixed key. Consequently, it is very difficult to crack although unauthenticator acquires the key information. So, the proposed encryption system which has a certification function of asymmetric cryptosystem and a processing time equivalent to symmetric cryptosystems will be highly useful to authorize data or exchange important information.