• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

Purpose Despite the ongoing digital transformation, it is not clear whether emerging market firms follow their manufacturing FDI path in the emerging digital industries. This paper examines how digital orientation affects the location strategies in internationalization and how the existing innovation capacities moderate the link between digital orientation and the location strategies. Design/methodology/approach This study chooses the Chinese setting for research design because digital transformation is already prevalent in the society and the cases of outward expansion are salient among the emerging markets. It uses the panel dataset of 976 Chinese listed firms that consists of 6,648 observations spanning from 2007 to 2017. Ordinary least square regression is used for the statistical approach with a one-year lag in the model. Findings Digital orientation increases a likelihood of emerging multinationals' entries in developed countries, and a high level of innovative capacities strengthens the link. Two groups seem to prefer entries in developed countries: firms with a high level of digital orientation with a high level of innovative capacities and firms with a low level of digital orientation, if with a low level of innovative capacities. The former reflects the context of digital transformation and the latter hints at the tax avoidance or interests in real estate. Research implications or originality While emerging multinationals are known to prefer entries in developing countries for capacity arbitrage, our results forecast that their FDI strategies may have a drastic change as digital transformation deepens.

• 4차산업연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2022

Purpose - With the rapid development of information technology, the digital economy has become an important grip of the new development pattern, and the digital transformation of enterprises is a major trend. As SMEs are the mainstay of the economy and employment, it is important to study the digital transformation of SMEs to promote the development of the digital economy. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on a resource-based view, this report analyses the current situation and issues of digital transformation of SMEs from the perspective of digital orientation as well as the breadth and depth of technological capabilities of enterprises, using data from a survey of 200 manufacturing enterprises in China. Result - The results show that SMEs generally have a digital transformation mindset, but a weak digital foundation. In order to execute a digital strategy, companies need digital transformation capabilities. These behavioral capabilities are guided by the strategic direction of the business, and companies with strong capabilities are always trying to tap into the full digital potential. Conclusion - In order to effectively promote the digital transformation of SMEs, we suggest that SMEs pay attention to digital capability building, make good use of digital platforms and network resources, and lay a solid foundation for digital transformation; meanwhile, we suggest that government departments play a guiding and supporting role to build a cross-industry and cross-sector digital synergy system to help promote the development of SMEs' digital transformation. This paper presents some suggestions from both the internal and external environment of the enterprise, with the expectation of contributing to the digital transformation practices of SMEs.

• 센서학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2019

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are widely used for wearable motion-capturing systems in the fields of biomechanics and robotics. When the IMUs are combined with optical motion sensors (hereafter, OPTs) for their complementary capabilities, it is necessary to align the coordinate system orientations between the IMU and OPT. In this study, we compare the application of two coordinate transformation-based orientation alignment methods between two coordinate systems. The first method (M1) applies angular velocity coordinate transformation, while the other method (M2) applies gyroscopic angle coordinate transformation. In M1 and M2, the angular velocities and angles, respectively, are acquired during random movement for a least-square algorithm to determine the alignment matrix between the two coordinate systems. The performance of each method is evaluated under various conditions according to the type of motion during measurement, number of data points, amount of noise, and the alignment matrix. The results show that M1 is free from drift errors, while drift errors are present in most cases where M2 is applied. Thus, this study indicates that M1 has a far superior performance than M2 for the alignment of IMU and OPT coordinate systems for motion analysis.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 새롭게 추가될 GPS civil signal 에 실릴 civil navigation message 중에서 Earth Orientation Parameter를 이용하여 ECEF 좌표계에서의 위치를 ECI로 변환하는 알고리즘을 설명하고 시뮬레이션을 통해서 결과를 분석하였다. Civil navigation message에 실릴 예정인 EOP를 이용하기 위해서는 GPS 시간을 UTC로 변환하여야 하고 좌표 변환의 중간 단계별로 필요한 여러 종류의 시간과 EOP 데이터를 활용할 수 있어야 한다. 알고리즘의 검증은 Earth Orientation Center에서 제공하는 EOP 데이터를 GPS CNAV에 실린 가상의 EOP 데이터로 가정하고 이를 이용하여 저궤도 위성의 위치와 속도를 변환하고 그 결과를 분석하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.723-731
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• 2005

The $4{\times}4$ homogeneous transformation matrix is a compact representation of orientation and position of an object in robotics and computer graphics. A coordinate transformation is accomplished through the successive multiplications of homogeneous matrices, each of which represents the orientation and position of each corresponding link. Thus, for real time control applications in robotics or animation in computer graphics, the fast multiplication of homogeneous matrices is quite demanding. In this paper, a parallel-architecture vector processor is designed for this purpose. The processor has several key features. For the accuracy of computation for real application, the operands of the processors are floating point numbers based on the IEEE Standard 754. For the parallelism and reduction of hardware redundancy, the processor takes column vectors of homogeneous matrices as multiplication unit. To further improve the throughput, the processor structure and its control is based on a pipe-lined structure. Since the designed processor can be used as a special purpose coprocessor in robotics and computer graphics, additionally to special matrix/matrix or matrix/vector multiplication, several other useful instructions for various transformation algorithms are included for wide application of the new design. The suggested instruction set will serve as standard in future processor design for Robotics and Computer Graphics. The design is verified using FPGA implementation. Also a comparative performance improvement of the proposed design is studied compared to a uni-processor approach for possibilities of its real time application.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for estimating 3-D coordinates of lower trunk muscles using orientation angles during a motion. Traditional 3-D motion analysis system with DLT technique was used to track down the locations of eight reference markers which were attached on the back of the subject. In order to estimate the orientations of individual lumbar vertebrae and musculoskeletal parameters of the lower trunk muscle, the rotation matrix of the middle trunk reference frame relative to the lower trunk reference frame was determined and the angular locations of individual lumbar vertebrae were estimated by partitioning the orientation angles (Cardan angles) that represent the relative angles between the rotations of the middle and lower trunks. When the orientation angles of individual intervertebral joints were known at a given instant, the instantaneous coordinates of the origin and insertion for all selected muscles relative to the L5 local reference frame were obtained by applying the transformation matrix to the original coordinates which were relative to a local reference frame (S1, L4, L3, L2, or L1) in a rotation sequence about the Z-, X- and Y-axes. The multiplication of transformation matrices was performed to estimate the geometry and kinematics of all selected muscles. The time histories of the 3-D coordinates of the origin and insertion of all selected muscles relative to the center of the L4-L5 motion segment were determined for each trial.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.725-731
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• 2023

Following the new description of an oriented full transformation on a finite chain given recently by Higgins and Vernitski in [4], in this short note we present a refinement of this description which is extendable to partial transformations and to injective partial transformations.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

디지털 전환은 금융, 물류 등을 포함한 산업계, 학계에서 급부상하고 있으며, 디지털 전환 분야에 관한 컨설팅 시장도 함께 성장하고 있다. 선행연구에 따르면, 컨설팅 기관의 디지털 전환에 관한 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 이 과정에서 컨설턴트의 역할은 시대에 맞게 변화되어야 하며, 고객관계관리, 고객에 대한 태도가 강조되고 있다. 하지만 컨설팅 연구는 이에 관한 연구가 심도 있게 연구되지 않은 점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 디지털 전환 분야의 컨설턴트 태도에 초점에 맞춰 태도의 요소를 개발하는 것이 목적이다. 문헌분석과 수정된 델파이 기법을 활용하여 연구한 결과, '고객지향성', 성취지향성', 전문가 품위', 전문성 유지', 그리고 '윤리성' 등이 핵심 태도 요소인 것으로 도출되었다. 본 연구는 디지털 전환 시대에 맞게 디지털전환 분야의 컨설턴트 태도 요소를 탐색적이며, 내용타당도를 검증하여 개발했다는 것에 의의가 있으며, 디지털 전환 분야의 컨설턴트는 실무적으로 태도의 중요성을 인식하고 역량 향상의 기초 도구로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2019

사진측량에서 단사진의 후방교회법은 이미 알고 있는 카메라의 내부표정요소, 지상좌표, 사진좌표를 이용하여 촬영당시 카메라의 위치와 자세에 해당하는 외부표정요소를 결정하는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 코사인 법칙과 선형식기반의 3차원 좌표변환식을 이용하여 카메라의 외부표정요소를 결정할 수 있는 단사진의 공간후방교회법 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 먼저 렌즈왜곡이 보정된 정규좌표를 코사인 법칙을 이용하여 지상좌표와 이에 대응되는 정규좌표간의 축척을 계산하였다. 그리고 나서 축척을 고려한 정규좌표와 지상좌표를 이용하는 선형방정식 기반의 3차원 좌표변환식을 적용하여 외부표정요소를 결정하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 비선형방정식으로 편미분이 필요하나 지상좌표의 조합 중 가장 긴 거리를 구하여 각 지상좌표에 나누는 방법을 이용하여 초기값에 민감하지 않은 장점이 있었다. 또한, 세 점을 이용하여도 외부표정요소를 결정할 수 있기 때문에 기준점의 기하학적 배치에 안정적인 장점이 있었다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2002

Deformation behavior of nickel-rich Ti-51.5at.%Ni single crystals was investigated over a wide range of temperatures(77 to 440K) and strain levels(up to 9%) in compression. These alloys combined superior strength with wide range of pseudoelasticity temperature interval(~200K). The slip deformation in [001] orientation did not occur due to the prevailing slip system, and consequently, exhibited pseudoelastic deformation at temperatures ranging from 77 to 283K and 273 to 440K for the solutionized and over-aged cases, respectively. The critical transformation stress levels were in the range of 800 to 1800MPa for the solutionized case, and 200 to 1000MPa for the over-aged case depending on the temperature and specimen orientation. These stress levels are considerably higher compared to these class of alloys having lower Ni contents. The maximum transformation strains, measured from incremental straining experiments in compression, were lower compared to the phenomenological theory with Type II twinning. A compound twinning model depending on the successive austenite(B2) to intermediate phase(R) to martensite(B19') transformation predicts lower transformation strains compared to the Type II twinning case.