• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.339-358
• /
• 2004

This article discusses the critical issues on obligations and responsibilities in electronic funds transfer(EFT) between Article 4A of the UCC and the Model Law on International Credit Transfers of UNCITRAL. The electronic fund transfers begin with the issue of the payment order by the originator to the receiving bank for the beneficiary. All obligations and responsibilities of parties concerned occur when the receiving bank accept the originator's payment order to executes. So far, some the most compelling studies have focused on the legal obligations and responsibilities of electronic fund transfer in Korea. Therefore, In this paper, we would like to examine some problems of obligations and responsibilities in electronic fund transfer from Article 4A of UCC and the Model Law on International Credit Transfers of UNCITRAL. And also we present some Implications to reform EFT Law for the efficient application.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제38권8호
• /
• pp.733-752
• /
• 2006

Severe accidents in PWRs are characterized by a continuously changing geometry of the core due to chemical reactions, melting and mechanical failure of the rods and other structures. These local variations of the porosity and other parameters lead to multi-dimensionnal flows and heat transfers. In this paper, a comprehensive set of multi-dimensionnal models describing heat transfers, thermal-hydraulics and melt relocation in a reactor vessel is presented. Those models are suitable for the core description during a severe accident transient. A series of applications at the reactor scale shows the benefits of using such models.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2005년도 춘계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.835-838
• /
• 2005

스택 기반 구조를 갖는 자바가상기계(JVM)에서는 전체 동작의 상당 부분이 데이터 이동에 소요되는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 따라서 효율적인 JVM의 개발을 위해서는 JVM 내부에서 데이터가 어떻게 이동되는지를 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 오퍼랜드 스택, 지역변수배열, 힙, 그리고 상수 풀 사이에서 데이터의 이동에 대해 바이트코드 수준에서 분석 조사하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.94-102
• /
• 1984

UNIX system사이에 file transfer, remote command execution, mail transfer등의 기능을 갖는 UUCP에 대한 설명, SDN(System Development Network)에 설치하는 과정, USENET와 EUNET같은 해외 네트워크와의 연결 등에 대해 기술한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.441-444
• /
• 1991

The intramolecular proton transfers of 2-hydroxy-4,5-naphthotropone in room temperature solutions are studied using static and time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy. Dual normal and tautomer fluorescence is observed in ethanol solution, while only the tautomer fluorescence is observed in cyclohexane solution. The fluorescence lifetimes and quantum yields in ethanol and cyclohexane solutions indicate that in hydrocarbon solvents, rapid intersystem crossing competes with proton transfer in the first excited singlet state. Transient absorption spectra and kinetics indicate that proton transfer also undergoes in the first triplet state with a transfer time of ∼ 3 ns. No transient absorption from the tautomer ground state indicates a rapid back proton transfer in the ground state.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.443-452
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 대중교통 카드 자료를 이용하여 대중교통 이용자의 통행행태를 분석한다. 통행행태 분석을 위해 토지 이용방식에 따라 공간적 범위를 주거지역, 업무지역, 쇼핑지역 등 세 종류로 분류하였다. 각 역별 환승 비율 분석 결과 주거지역이 쇼핑지구와 업무지구에 비해 환승 비율이 높게 분석되었으며 주거지역의 경우 마을버스 보다 지선버스 및 간선버스의 통행 비율이 더 높게 나타났다. 또한, 쇼핑지구와 업무지구의 간선 버스 및 기타 버스의 통행 비율이 마을버스 및 지선 버스 보다 더 높게 나타나 토지이용별로 버스 수단 이용에 있어 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 보행거리는 일반적으로 사용 되어온 400m와 유사한 300m ~ 400m가 최대 보행거리로 분석 되었으며, 일반인보다 청소년의 최대 보행거리가 더 짧은 것으로 나타났다.

• 중환자간호학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.12-23
• /
• 2020

Purpose : This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of direct interhospital transfers (IHTs) of patients with acute aortic syndrome (AAS) led by advanced practice nurses (APNs). Methods : From September 2014 to June 2017, the study retrospectively investigated 183 patients with AAS who were transferred to a high-volume tertiary hospital. Results : One hundred forty-eight (81%) patients were admitted through direct IHTs, and 35 (19%) patients were admitted through non-direct IHTs. The direct IHT group had a significantly shorter time from symptom onset to hospital arrival than the non-direct IHT group (11.4 vs. 32.1 h, p=.043). There were no significant differences in other clinical outcomes, such as peri-transfer status, mortality, hospital length of stay, and readmission, between the two groups. In the direct IHT group, 55% of transfers were led by APNs. There was no significant difference in outcomes between APN- and physician-led transfers. Conclusions : Implementation of direct IHTs markedly shortened the time from symptom onset to hospital arrival in patients with AAS. Finally, direct IHTs can potentially improve the outcomes of patients with AAS, a condition with time-dependent mortality and morbidity. In addition, APNs can effectively lead the direct IHT of patients with AAS.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.299-307
• /
• 2020

Inter vivos in the context of wealth and estate planning can be generally defined as a transfer that takes place between the livings. Parents are motivated to transfer for altruisme and exchange. In this context, this study aims to explore another potential motives of inter vivos, which is 'affection'. Data is collected through semi-structured interviews with inter vivos experts who have published articles in this area. The interview is encoded and thematic analysis is carried out to classify themes and subthemes that exist in the inter vivos transfers. This study discovers four main themes, which indicate that inter vivos transfers based on affection can be enlightened by the relationship between parents and children, responsibility for children, types of inter vivos, and effects to other heirs. Relationship between parents and children can be explained as parents transfer their wealth to the closest children, children who care for them and to family members only. Parents also are responsible to protect their children after they die and assist them who are in need. Types of inter vivos are considered as boundless inter vivos and without any material return. Inter vivos based on affection also aims not to abuse other heirs.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.1-29
• /
• 2002

The main objective of this research aims at analyzing efficiency of government financial transfers(GFTs) to the Korean fisheries sector, using the Linear Structural Relations model(i.e., LISERL model) and the field survey data. Most policies of GFTs tend to be implemented to protect industries with weak competitive advantages such as infant and/or primary industries. Specific policy instruments include income transfers, government loans with lower interest rates, taxes and the like. Fishing activities are made at a highly changeable natural environment of the ocean with a great amount of risk and uncertainty. Fishing households make their livelihood under the small-scale fisheries. Such fisheries and fishing households have also a relatively weak market power. Because of these fisheries characteristics most coastal states have adopted a variety of government support programs. However, despite such a huge government support, during the past several decades the world fishing communities have seen a tendency of continuous fishereis resource overexploitation. For this resason there have been hot debates over the government support policies for fisheries through OECD, FAO, WTO, and UNEP. In general, policy evaluations tend to be made on the basis of benefit-cost(B/C) analysis. However, the B/C analysis may produce results quite different from real ones primarily due to many unmeasurable effects. Thus, the authors composed simple questionaires and let fishermen, government officials and academic people answer the questions. The survery was made in several ways such as post-mail and personal/group interviews. In recent years, for analysis of policy performances and effectiveness, the LISREL model has often been used, which consists of structural and measurement eqquations. This model has a good advantage of transforming unobservable variables to observable ones so that it helps construct endogenous cause and effect relationships among relevant variables. The evaluation was done from the two aspects: policy results and policy effectiveness. The policy result evaluation showed that there is a need for improvement for policy problem perception and decision-making process, while the policy effect evaluation suggested that the policy goals were successfully achieved and social justice was improved from the perspective of the entire society as well. However, the research results showed that the GFT policies rendered little contrubtion to narrowing down the gap between GFT beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries incomes.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.185-195
• /
• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) on the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles in couples with unexplained infertility. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 145 couples who underwent ICSI cycles for unexplained infertility. Based on the SDF rate, patients were categorized into a low SDF group (SDF ≤30%, n=97) and a high SDF group (SDF >30%, n=48). SDF was assessed using the acridine orange test on density gradient centrifugation prepared samples. The CLBR was calculated as the first live birth event per woman per egg collection over 2 years. Results: The high SDF group (SDF >30%) showed a significantly lower CLBR (p<0.05) and a significantly higher miscarriage rate (p<0.05) than the low SDF group (SDF ≤30%). No significant difference was observed in the implantation and cumulative pregnancy rates between the two SDF groups. The total number of embryo transfers was stratified further into fresh and frozen embryo transfers. In the fresh embryo transfers, there were significant differences in the implantation rates, clinical pregnancy rates, and live birth rates (p<0.05) between the low SDF and high SDF groups. However, in the frozen embryo transfers, there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between the two groups. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, SDF was a predictor of CLBR (p<0.05) when adjusted for possible confounding factors. Conclusion: High SDF was associated with a lower CLBR and a higher miscarriage rate in the ICSI cycles of couples with unexplained infertility.