• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2019

Purpose: To manage radiation measurement equipment, a web-based management program has been developed in this study. Materials and Methods: This program is based on a web service and Java Server Pages (JSP) and employs compatibility and accessibility. Results: The first step in the workflow has been designed to create accounts for each user or organization and to log in. The program consists of two parts: fields for listed instruments, and measurement information. The instruments for measuring radiation listed in this program are as follows: ionization chambers, survey meters, thermometers, barometers, electrometers, and phantoms. Instrument properties can be put in the recording fields and browsing for associated instruments can be performed. The main part of the program is the cross-calibration for each ion chamber. For instance, the ionization chamber to be used as a relative dosimeter can be registered by cross-calibration data with a reference chamber calibrated by an accredited laboratory. This program supports methods using the central axis transfer theory for cross-calibration for the ionization chambers. The reference and field ionization chambers were placed in a solid water phantom along the beam central axis at two different depths, and then the positions were switched. Each measured value was used for calculating the cross-calibration factor. Conclusions: Because many instruments are used and managed in radiation oncology departments, systematic, traceable recording is very important. The web-based program developed in this study is expected to be used effectively in the maintenance of radiation measurement instruments.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제8권4B호
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• pp.548-555
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• 1999

The NBI (Neutral BGeam Injection) System for the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) is composed of ion sources, neutralizers, bending magnets, ion dumps, and calorimeter. The vacuum chamber, in which all of the beam line components are enclosed, is composed of differential pumping system for the effective transfer of the neutral beams. The needed pumping speeds of each of the divided vacuum chamber and the optimized gas flow rate ot the neutralizer were calculated with the help of the particle balance equations. The minimum gas flow rate to the ion sources for producing needed beam current (120kV, 65A, 78MW), the pressure distributions in the vacuum chamber for minimizing re-ionization loss, and the beam loss rate on the beam line components were used as the input in the calculation. Also the scenario for short pulse operation was determined by analysing the time dependent equations. It showed that beam extraction during less than 0.5 sec could be made only with TMP.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.3-7
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• 1993

1986년 11월에 Fiji의 수도 Suba에서 개최된 제7차 APMP 준비위원회 회의에서 한국표준과학연구원이 전리방사선 측정의 지역상호비교 프로그램을 주관하도록 결정되었다. KRISS의 방사선연구실은 공식적인 서신교환을 통하여 Australia, China, India, Japan 그리고 Malaysia등 5개국이 X-선 선량계측표준의 지역상호비교 연구에 참여할 수 있는 계기를 마련하였다.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제2C권5호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2002

Two-dimensional steady state simulations of planar type radio frequency inductively coupled plasma (RFICP) have been performed. The characteristics of RFICP were investigated in terms of power transfer efficiency, equivalent circuit analysis, spatial distribution of plasma density and electron temperature. Plasma density and electron temperature were determined from the equations of ambipolar diffusion and energy conservation. Joule heating, ionization, excitation and elastic collision loss were included as the source terms of the electron energy equation. The electromagnetic field was calculated from the vector potential formulation of ampere's law. The peak electron temperature decreases from about 4eV to 2eV as pressure increases from 5 mTorr to 100 mTorr. The peak density increases with increasing pressure. Electron temperatures at the center of the chamber are almost independent of input power and electron densities linearly increase with power level. The results agree well with theoretical analysis and experimental results. A single turn, edge feeding antenna configuration shows better density uniformity than a four-turn antenna system at relatively low pressure conditions. The thickness of the dielectric window should be minimized to reduce power loss. The equivalent resistance of the system increases with both power and pressure, which reflects the improvement of power transfer efficiency.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.603-609
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 핵의학 분야에서 사용 빈도가 높은 방사성 동위원소 ^99mTc, ¹⁸F을 대상으로 물 팬텀과 전리함을 이용한 실측 데이터와 몬테카를로 법 기반의 모의실험 계산을 통해 인체 내 선량 분포를 평가하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 방사성 동위원소를 중심으로 거리가 멀어질수록 선량이 지수함수적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히, 5 cm 이격 시 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이를 수치상으로 보면, ^99mTc의 경우 0.16 ~ 2.16 pC/min, ¹⁸F의 경우 0.49 ~ 9.29 pC/min 범위에서 형성되었다. 또한, 결과값을 이용하여 계산한 에너지 전달계수는 0.240 ~ 0.260 범위에서 실측값과 시뮬레이션 결과값이 유사하게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 실험 결과값에 대한 신뢰도를 확보한 것으로 판단이 되며, 특히, 인체 내 선원 집적 시 선원 이동 경로를 중심으로 4 cm 이내에 위치한 장기에 선량이 많이 전달될 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 방사성 동위원소에 의한 내부피폭 선량을 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 선원에서 발생하는 방사선 분포를 계산 하였으며, 실측과 모의실험 결과를 비교 분석을 통해 신뢰도가 높은 결과값을 제시할 수 있었다. 무엇보다도 계측기를 통해 체내 방사선 분포를 직접 측정하여 제시한 부분에서 큰 의미를 가지고 있다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2020

Purpose: Gafchromic films for proton dosimetry are dependent on linear energy transfers (LETs), resulting in dose underestimation for high LETs. Despite efforts to resolve this problem for single-energy beams, there remains a need to do so for multi-energy beams. Here, a bimolecular reaction model was applied to correct the under-response of spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBPs). Methods: For depth-dose measurements, a Gafchromic EBT3 film was positioned in water perpendicular to the ground. The gantry was rotated at 15° to avoid disturbances in the beam path. A set of films was exposed to a uniformly scanned 112-MeV pristine proton beam with six different dose intensities, ranging from 0.373 to 4.865 Gy, at a 2-cm depth. Another set of films was irradiated with SOBPs with maximum energies of 110, 150, and 190 MeV having modulation widths of 5.39, 4.27, and 5.34 cm, respectively. The correction function was obtained using 150.8-MeV SOBP data. The LET of the SOBP was then analytically calculated. Finally, the model was validated for a uniform cubic dose distribution and compared with multilayered ionization chamber data. Results: The dose error in the plateau region was within 4% when normalized with the maximum dose. The discrepancy of the range was <1 mm for all measured energies. The highest errors occurred at 70 MeV owing to the steep gradient with the narrowest Bragg peak. Conclusions: With bimolecular model-based correction, an EBT3 film can be used to accurately verify the depth dose of scanned proton beams and could potentially be used to evaluate the depth-dose distribution for patient plans.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2018

The complex dose distribution and dose transfer characteristics of intensity-modulated radiotherapy increase the importance of precise beam data measurement and review in the acceptance inspection and preparation stages. In this study, we propose a process map for the introduction and installation of high-precision radiotherapy devices and present items and guidelines for risk management at the acceptance test procedure (ATP) and commissioning stages. Based on the ATP of the Varian and Elekta linear accelerators, the ATP items were checked step by step and compared with the quality assurance (QA) test items of the AAPM TG-142 described for the medical accelerator QA. Based on the commissioning procedure, dose quality control protocol, and mechanical quality control protocol presented at international conferences, step-by-step check items and commissioning guidelines were derived. The risk management items at each stage were (1) 21 ionization chamber performance test items and 9 electrometer, cable, and connector inspection items related to the dosimetry system; (2) 34 mechanical and dose-checking items during ATP, 22 multileaf collimator (MLC) items, and 36 imaging system items; and (3) 28 items in the measurement preparation stage and 32 items in the measurement stage after commissioning. Because the items presented in these guidelines are limited in terms of special treatment, items and practitioners can be modified to reflect the clinical needs of the institution. During the system installation, it is recommended that at least two clinically qualified medical physicists (CQMP) perform a double check in compliance with the two-person rule. We expect that this result will be useful as a radiation safety management tool that can prevent radiation accidents at each stage during the introduction of radiotherapy and the system installation process.