• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.291-303
• /
• 2021

The study tried to examine the characteristics of transcription culture on YouTube through narrative analysis methods. The study found five meaningful features in YouTube's transcription culture. YouTube's transcription culture was first characterized by efficient writing and learning skills. Second, there was a characteristic of a transcription to read and understand text more deeply. Third, it had the characteristics of five strategies to advance my writing. Fourth, YouTubers had time to self-heal and comfort through transcription. Fifth, YouTube's transcription culture has expanded and developed into left-handed writing and digital writing. The characteristics of these YouTubers' transcription culture are expected to enrich the transcription culture that has been handed down for many years.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.15 no.9 s.90
• /
• pp.692-696
• /
• 2006

Micro fabrication of polymeric materials becomes increasingly important. And it is considered as a low-cost alternative to the silicon or glass-based Micro Electro-Mechanical System(MEMS) technologies. In the present study, micro channels were fabricated via LiGA(Lithographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung) process used for Capillary Electrophoresis(CE) chip. Taguchi method was applied to investigate the effects of process conditions in injection molding(melt temperature, injection speed, mold temperature and packing pressure) on the transcription characteristics of the micro channel. It was found that the skin layer disturbs a formation of micro channel. Furthermore, mold temperature and injection speed were two important factors to affect the replication characteristics of micro channel.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• spring
• /
• pp.87-90
• /
• 2002

This paper analyzes statistically the relationship between size and balance of text corpus by evaluation of the effect of interview sentences in language model for Korean broadcast news transcription system. Our Korean broadcast news transcription system's ultimate purpose is to recognize not interview speech, but the anchor's and reporter's speech in broadcast news show. But the gathered text corpus for constructing language model consists of interview sentences a portion of the whole, $15\%$ approximately. The characteristic of interview sentence is different from the anchor's and the reporter's in one thing or another. Therefore it disturbs the anchor and reporter oriented language modeling. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of interview sentences in language model for Korean broadcast news transcription system and analyze statistically the relationship between size and balance of text corpus by making an experiment as the same procedure according to varying the size of corpus.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.45-60
• /
• 2008

This study lists the vocabulary of the inscriptions on SeoGwol-YeongGeon-DoGam-UiGwe(西闕營建都監儀軌 1831). This study also deciphers and explains the meanings of them. In advance, this study compares them with the vocabulary of the national language in the middle ages and in modem times. There are two important missions in deciphering a transcription marking of the architectural vocabulary of UiGwe(儀軌). One is to gain an understanding of the reading method of transcription marking and the other is an explanation of what that means. As a result, we can correctly understand the UiGwe(儀軌) written in transcription marks. If we could decipher the transcription markings of the documents as it is, we cannot only recover plenty of vocabulary related with characteristic architecture in the age of the later Joseon Dynasty, but also correct wrongly used vocabulary in the present. As a result, we can standardize and adjust the vocabulary use of Korean traditional architecture. In advance, we can correct errors of spelling and mistaken explanations in the Korean Encyclopedia.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.175-176
• /
• 2002

Airway inflammation is a characteristic of many lung disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. All these diseases involve the recruitment of immune and inflammatory cells to the lungs leading to systemic and local chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. (omitted)

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.29-48
• /
• 2007

This study is an investigation that explication of the reading method of transcription marking, and explains what it means and where to use transcription marking of architectural vocabulary. focusing on timber class vocabulary from on SeoGwolYeongGeonDoGamUiGwe(${\ulcorner}$西闕營建都監儀軌(1831)${\lrcorner}$). This study is reviewed sequentially classifying items according to timber class, stone class, iron class architectural vocabulary. This treatise, named 'Architectural Vocabulary Study (1)', is mainly focused on making out a transcription marking of timber class vocabulary on the documents. But, because of the properties of the UiGwe(儀軌), there are some different expressions used for the same vocabulary. Therefore, the different expressions are referenced according to vocabulary used from the 17th century to the 20c century. This study lists timber class architectural vocabulary of transcription marking on SeoGwolYeongGeonDoGamUiGwe(${\ulcorner}$西闕營建都監儀軌(1831)$\lrcorner$). This study also explicates and explains the meaning of them. In advance, this study compares them with the vocabulary of national language in the middle ages and modern times. If we could explicate the transcription marking of the documents as it is, we can't only recover plenty of vocabulary related with characteristic architecture in the age of later Chosun Dynasty, but also correct wrongly used vocabulary nowadays. With the results, we can standardize and adjust vocabulary use of Korean traditional architecture. In advance, we can correct errors of spelling and mistaken explanation in the Korean Encyclopedia.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.94-104
• /
• 2011

Salt stress is a major environmental factor influencing plant growth and development. To identify salt tolerance determinants, we systematically screened salt sensitive rice mutants by use of the Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) transposon tagging system. In this study, we focused on the salt sensitive mutant line, designated SSM-1. A gene encoding a NAC transcription factor homologue was disrupted by the insertion of a Ds transposon into SSM-1 line. The OsNAC075 gene (EU541472) has 7 exons and encodes a protein (486-aa) containing the NAC domain in its N-terminal region. Sequence comparison showed that the OsNAC075 protein had a strikingly conserved region at the N-terminus, which is considered as the characteristic of the NAC protein family. OsNAC075 protein was orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana ANAC075. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed OsNAC075 belonged to the OsNAC3 subfamily, which plays an important role in response to stress stimuli. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of OsNAC075 gene was rapidly and strongly induced by stresses such as NaCl, ABA and low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$). Our data suggest that OsNAC075 holds promising utility in improving salt tolerance in rice.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.602-608
• /
• 2005

As a crucial transcription factor family, heat-shock factors were mainly analyzed and characterized in tomato and Arabidopsis. In this study, we isolated two putative heat shock factors OsHSF6 and OsHSF12 that interact specifically with heat-shock element (HSE) from Oryza sativa L by yeast one-hybrid method. The full-length cDNA of OsHSF6 and OsHSF12 have 1074bp and 920bp open reading frame (ORF), respectively. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that OsHSF6 was a class A heat shock factor (HSF) with all the conserved sequence elements characteristic of heat stress transcription factor, while OsHSF12 was a class B HSF with C-terminal domain (CTD) lacking of AHA motif. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the sequences and structures of two HSFs' DNA binding domain (DBD) had a high similarity with LpHSF24. The results of RT-PCR indicated OsHSF6 gene was expressed immediately after rice plants exposure to heat stress, and the transcription of OsHSF6 gene accumulated primarily in immature seeds, roots and leaves. However, we did not find the transcription of OsHSF12 gene in different organs and growth periods. Our results implied that OsHSF6 might be function as a HSF regulating early expression of stress genes in response to heat shock, and OsHSF12 might be act as a synergistic factor to regulate the expression of down-stream genes.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.109-112
• /
• 2013

Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is the most common and well known mandibulofacial dysostosis with characteristic clinical features including downward slanting of palpebral fissures, coloboma of the lower eyelid, hypoplastic zygomatic arches, micrognathia, macrostomia, microtia, and other deformities of the ears. TCS is caused by mutations in at least 3 genes involved in pre-rRNA transcription: TCOF1, POLR1D and POLR1C. We experienced a 1-day-old female infant with characteristic clinical features of TCS. A novel, heterozygotic mutation within the TCOF1 gene (c.3874_3875insG, p.Ala1292Glyfs*30) was identified to cause a premature stop codon.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.148-151
• /
• 2006

We have previously reported that 2.4 kb of L-plastin promoter (LP) could regulate the expression of adenoviral vector (AV) exogenous genes in a tumor cell specific manner. In the present study, we tested if the replication competent AdLPE1A vector results in a direct cytotoxic effect in hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) cells. In vitro cytotoxicity tests were carried out with replication-competent (AdLPE1A) and -incompetent (AdLPCD) LP-driven vectors. AdLPE1A is an AV in which LP was inserted 5' to the E1A and E1B genes. The AdLPCD vector contains LP and the E. coli cytosine deaminase (CD) gene in transcription unit. Exposure of cells to AdLPE1A generated a significant cytotoxic effect as compared to the control. Almost 90% of the cell had manifested the characteristic cytopatic effect on day 9 after infection of cells with 10 MOI of AdLPE1A. On the other hand, almost 35% of the cells were left when the cells had been treated with 100 MOI of AdLPCD together with 5-FC on day 9 when compared with the cells which had never been exposed neither 5-FC nor AdLPCD. These results showed that the replication competent AdLPE1A vector could kill the HepG2 cells directly by the oncolytic effect of the virus. The replication competent AV vector carrying viral E1A generated greater cytotoxic effect than the replication incompetent AV, which contains the CD prodrug activation transcription unit without E1A, in HepG2 cells.