• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2214-2223
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• 2016

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognize conserved molecular patterns and initiate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune responses against invading infectious agents. The aim of this study was to assess the transcript profile of mink TLRs (mTLRs) in mink peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and a range of tissues, and to explore the potential role of mTLRs in the antiviral immune response process. The results indicated that the mTLR partial nucleotide sequences had a high degree of nucleotide identity with ferret sequences (95-98%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that mammalian TLRs grouped into five TLR families, with a closer relationship of the mTLRs with those of ferret than the other mammalian sequences. Moreover, all the mTLRs were ubiquitously expressed in lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph nodes) and PBMCs. Interestingly, the mTLR expression patterns in lung, uterus, and heart showed quite a lot of similarity. Another remarkable observation was the wide expression of mTLR1-3 mRNAs in all tissues. Among the analyzed tissues, skeletal muscle was revealed to being the lowest repertoire of mTLR expression. Additionally, mink PBMCs exposed to the canine distemper virus revealed significant upregulation of mTLR2, mTLR4, mTLR7, and mTLR8 mRNAs, indicating that mTLRs have a role in innate immunity in the mink. Collectively, our results are the first to establish the basic expression patterns of mTLRs and the relationship between mTLRs and a virus, which will contribute to better understanding of the evolution and the functions of mTLRs in the innate immune system in minks.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2008

We have developed an efficient system of assessing the ability of a gene silencing cassette to silence transcripts from recalcitrant or poorly studied plant species by using a model plant as a host for the gene of interest. Tobacco plants transgenic for Lachrymatory Factor Synthase (LFS) enzyme activity from onion were first produced by introducing a CaMV 35S-onion-lfs gene construct. These plants were then subjected to a second transformation with an RNAi construct directed against the lfs gene sequence. LFS enzyme activity assay showed that the transgenic plants, containing both the lfs gene and the RNAi construct, had significantly reduced LFS activity. This observation was supported by Western analysis for the LFS protein and further validated by quantitative RT-PCR analysis that demonstrated a significant reduction in the lfs transcript level in the dual transformants. In this work, we have demonstrated that the RNAi construct is a suitable candidate for the development of a non-lachrymatory onion. Our model plant RNAi system has wide-reaching applications for assessment and targeting of plant secondary pathway genes, from poorly studied or recalcitrant plant species, that are important in the pharmacological, food and process industries.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.9 no.4 s.32
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• pp.71-76
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• 2004

In this paper, a web-based automatic transcription component is designed and implemented for mechanical conversion of revised Korean-to-Romanization notation rule. Specially. we proposes system architecture and algorithms that transcript Korean to Roman automatically after transliterate Korean to phonetic symbol applying phonological principles. The components operate under the web server's script mechanism. and the dictionary for exceptional usage is designed as an accessorial function supported either operating at web server internally or externally. The overall system architecture is presented by UML. specification and pseudo code. The proposed architecture can be implemented in encapsulated service by object oriented component and that can be easily adapted and modified on the internet environment and this system may have many advantages to improve efficiency, library reuse. extensibility at software development.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.299-332
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• 2005

The "Ojangyukbudo五臟六腑圖", cited in "Ojangmun五藏門" of "Euibangyuchwi醫方類聚", was written by Ho Eum, a woman Taoist master who lived in Dang Dynasty. She put stress on the medical theory of the five viscera and the six entrails to overcome the side effects of Oedansul[alchemy for immortality] which prevailed during the period of Dang, and established a medical system which was based on six viscera and entrails and combined with Taoist theories. The major features of "Ojangyukbudo五臟六腑圖" can be summarized in the six-part medical system, the diagrams which describe the principles of viscera and entrails in detail, and the methods of Suyang[修養法:mental training], Tonap[吐納 法:respiration] and Doin[導引法:physical training] for regulating the functions of viscera and entrails and curing diseases. The "Dongeuibogam東醫寶鑑", a medical book from Joseon Dynasty, accepted the methods of Suyang and Doin, and the "Yorayak要略", a transcript from Joseon's later period, accepted the Taoist medicine based on six viscera and entrails, combined it with the contents of "Dongeuibogam東醫寶鑑", thus composing a unique medical system. Especially, the "Yorayak要略" is a literature important for the study of Joseon's Taoist medicine.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1243-1246
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• 2006

초고속 통신망의 확대 적용으로 인터넷의 빠른 성장과 함께 음성과 비디오 그리고 데이터를 통합하고자 하는 노력이 시도되고 있다. VoIP(Voice over IP)는 IP를 이용하여 음성과 데이터를 패킷 형태로 통합하여 실시간으로 전송하는 기술이다[1]. 패킷 네트워크에서 VoIP 시그널링 기술을 이용하면 망 자원으 효율적 이용 및 PSTN에 가까운 음질 그리고 인터넷과 연계한 다양한 음성서비스 지원이 가능하다. 콜센터에서도 VoIP를 사용하게 됨에 따라 VoIP망에서의 녹취 시스템이 필요하다. VoIP 녹취 시스템은 상담원과 고객 간의 통화 내용을 자동으로 녹음하여 보관함으로써 고객의 요구사항을 명확하게 파악할 수 있으며 녹취 데이터의 통계 자료 제공으로 효율적인 관리가 가능하고, 선택 녹취, 스케쥴링 녹취, 상담원의 평가 자료를 제공하여 고객 관리의 질적인 향상을 지원한다. 본 논문에서는 성능에 큰 영향을 주지 않고 기존의 VoIP 녹취 시스템의 문제점을 해결한 에이전트를 포함한 VoIP 녹취 시스템을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1235-1238
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• 2006

VoIP(Voice over IP)는 IP를 이용하여 음성과 데이터를 패킷 형태로 통합하여 실시간으로 전송하는 기술이다[1]. 본 논문에서는 VoIP망에서 리눅스 기반 IP 녹취 시스템을 설계 및 구현한다. 녹취 시스템은 고객과 상담원의 통화 내용을 자동으로 녹음하여 보관함으로써 고객의 요구 사항을 명확히 파악할 수 있다. 녹취 시스템으로 모든 네트워크 환경에서 사용할 수 있으며 CTI와 연동하여 효율적이고 체계적인 녹취 시스템 구축이 가능하다.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.48-55
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• 2001

When an elongating RNA polymerase encounters DNA damage on the template strand of a transcribed gene it can either be arrested by or be transcribed through the lesion. Lesions that arrest RNA polymerases are thought to be subject to transcription-coupled repair, whereas that damage that is bypassed can cause miscoding, resulting in mutations in the transcript (transcriptional mutagenesis). We have developed a technique using a plasmid-based luciferase reporter assay to determine the extent to which a particular type of DNA base modification is capable of causing transcriptional mutagenesis in vivo. The system uses Escherichia coli strains with different DNA repair backgrounds and is designed to detect phenotypic changes caused by transcriptional mutageneis under nongrowth conditions. In addition, this method is capable of indicating the extent to which a particular DNA repair enzyme (or pathway) suppresses the occurrence of transcriptional mutagenesis. Thus, this technique provides a tool with which the effects of various genes on non-replication-dependent pathways resulting in the generation of mutant proteins can be gauged.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.51-51
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• 2001

Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a satiety factor that is regulated by leptin. It was reported that the mice intracerebroventricularly injected with CART showed behavioral changes resembled with the typical behavioral alterations found in the mice carrying disorders in the brain serotonergic (5-HT) system. Hence, this study was conducted to find out the relationships between CART and 5-HT. We first examined the mRNA levels of CART after the injections of para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA, 300 mg/kg i.p., single injection or daily for three consecutive days) in the rat brains by in situ hybridization using the mouse CART cDNA probe cloned in our laboratory. Systemic administrations of pCPA, a potent inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of 5-HT biosynthesis, acutely depletes the brain 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), which reuptakes terminal 5-HT. Results indicated that the mRNA level of CART significantly decreased in the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, and lateral hypothalamic nucleus by three days of daily injection with pCPA with no noticeable change detected 24 hrs after the single injection. The message levels of 5-HTT in DRN decreased in both single and three days of injections. Secondly, to investigate whether CART affect to 5-HT, mouse genomic CART gene, which is consist of 3 exons and 2 introns and mouse neurofilament light (NF-L) chain promoter were cloned. Then, we constructed neuron specific expression vector, which was transfected into HeLa cell using lipid-mediated transfection system. Expression of GFP and CART linked to NF-L-chain promoter in the transfected HeLa cell were detected by using fluorescent microscope and RT-PCR. These results confirmed normal expression of DNA constructs in vitro. Then, to increase brain specific expression of CART in vivo transgenic mice carrying CART gene controlled the deleted NF-L-chain promoter were generated by the DNA microinjection into pronuclei of fertilized embryos. Transgenic mice were detected by Southern blot. Further study is necessary to examine CART expression and 5-HTT in these transgenic mice. Therefore, these results suggest that there maybe a positive molecular correlation between CART and 5-HT in responding to the stimuli.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 1999

Effects of jasmonic acid treatment, UV-B and white light treatment on the anthocyanin biosynthesis and cell growth were investigated using the cell suspension culture system of grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Cell growth was not affected by white light irradiation, while it was remarkably suppressed by UV-B irradiation from 8 to 32 h. Anthocyanin accumulation dramatically increased after 16 h from irradiation of UV-B. Simultaneous treatment of jasmonic acid and UV-B increased anthocyanin accumulation by 10-fold. The cell division was restored when anthocyanin was abundantly accumulated after 32 h from UV-B irradiation. Optimum concentration of jasmonic acid was found to be 5 uM for maximum accumulation of anthocyanin. Application of jasmonic acid to grape suspension cells rapidly induced the expression of CHS gene after 2 h from treatment and showed maximum level at 32 h. Simultaneous treatment of jasmonic acid and light also induced CHS gene expression after 2 h, but the maximum level of CHS transcript was observed at 16 h with white light and 8 h with UV-B exposure. The synergistical effects could be explained by the defense mechanism that UV irradiation is mediated in part by alterations in JA and its signaling pathway.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.149-153
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• 2008

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is unequivocally elevated in the kidney with ischemic acute renal failure (ARF), whereas ET receptors ($ET_AR$ and $ET_BR$) are variably expressed. Although renal functional and structural changes are similar between ischemic and nephrotoxic ARF, there are few reports on the alteration in the ET system in nephrotoxic ARF. This study was, therefore, undertaken to investigate changes in renal expression of ET-l and its receptors in nephrotoxic ARF induced by cisplatin. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 16 mg of cisplatin/kg at a single dose, and the expression of mRNA and protein was then quantified by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was conducted for localization. Three days after treatment, ET-1 transcript in cisplatin-treated mice was thirteen times higher than that in controls, whereas ET-1 peptide was increased by 1.5-fold. Cisplatin caused a 2-fold increase in the levels of ETAR mRNA and protein. Most of the increased immunoreactive ET-1 and ETAR were localized in damaged tubules. Neither the expression of ETBR mRNA nor the abundance and immunoreactive level of ETBR protein were changed. The findings suggest that the individual components of the renal ET system are differentially regulated in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic ARF.