• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2022

Recently the use of personal mobility devices is rapidly increasing, and the businesses related to personal mobility devices are quickly growing as well. Although the use of personal mobility devices provides convenience for short distance movements, many problems occur due to the lack of safety devices and the absence of associated road traffic laws. The number of accidents caused by using personal mobility devices continues increasing every year, and the injuries or deaths are seriously happening with those accidents. When using personal mobility devices, there are basic safety precautions such as wearing a helmet, prohibiting boarding with more than two people, prohibiting boarding with more than 100kg, prohibiting using after drinking alcohol, and so on. However, it is exposed to traffic accidents because there is no way to check before using the system. Therefore, to ensure the user's safety in using the electric kickboard among personal mobility devices, this paper proposes a system that can check the user's safety state before using the electric kickboard. It is possible to safely use personal mobility devices and prevent accidents by proposing a system structure of the electric kickboard that can be used after checking for the use of more than two people, overweight, wearing a helmet, and drinking alcohol.

• 한국항공운항학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.38-53
• /
• 2007

In a seminal judgment of November 2002 (Case C-476/98) relating to the compatibility with Community laws of the 'nationality clause' in the 1996 amending protocol to the 1955 U.S.-German Air Services Agreement, the European Court of Justice(ECJ) decided that the provision constituted a measure of an intrinsically discriminatory nature and was thus contrary to the principle of national treatment established under Art. 52 of the EC Treaty. The Court, rejecting bluntly the German government' submissions relying on public policy grounds(Art. 56, EC Treaty), seemed content to declare and rule that the protocol provision requiring a contracting state party to ensure substantial ownership and effective control by its nationals of its designated airlines had violated the requirement of national treatment reserved for other Community Members under the salient Treaty provision. The German counterclaims against the Commission, although tantalizing not only from the perusal of the judgment but from the perspective of international air law, were nonetheless invariably correct and to the point. For such a clause has been justified to defend the 'fundamental interests of society from a serious threat' that may result from granting operating licenses or necessary technical authorizations to an airline company of a third country. Indeed, the nationality clause has been inserted in most of the liberal bilaterals to allow the parties to enforce their own national laws and regulations governing aviation safety and security. Such a clause is not targeted as a device for discriminating against the nationals of any third State. It simply acts as the minimum legal safeguards against aviation risk empowering a party to take legal control of the designated airlines. Unfortunately, the German call for the review of such a foremost objective and rationale underlying the nationality clause landed on the deaf ears of the Court which appeared quite happy not to take stock of the potential implications and consequences in its absence and of the legality under international law of the 'national treatment' requirement of Community laws. Again, while US law limits foreign shareholders to 24.9% of its airlines, the European Community limits non-EC ownership to 49%, precluding any ownership and effective control by foreign nationals of EC airlines, let alone any foreign takeover and merger. Given this, it appears inconsistent and unreasonable for the EC to demand, $vis-{\grave{a}}-vis$ a non-EC third State, national treatment for all of its Member States. The ECJ's decision was also wrongly premised on the precedence of Community laws over international law, and in particular, international air law. It simply is another form of asserting and enforcing de facto extraterritorial application of Community laws to a non-EC third country. Again, the ruling runs counter to an established rule of international law that a treaty does not, as a matter of principle, create either obligations or rights for a third State. Aside from the legal problems, the 'national treatment' may not be economically justified either, in light of the free-rider problem and resulting externalities or inefficiency. On the strength of international law and economics, therefore, airlines of Community Members other than the designated German and U.S. air carriers are neither eligible for traffic rights, nor entitled to operate between or 'free-ride' on the U.S. and German points. All in all and in all fairness, the European Court's ruling was nothing short of an outright condemnation of established rules and principles of international law and international air law. Nor is the national treatment requirement justified by the economic logic of deregulation or liberalization of aviation markets. Nor has the requirement much to do with fair competition and increased efficiency.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.339-350
• /
• 2010

각각의 AS 레벨에서 정확한 연결구조를 얻기 위해 들이는 노력에도 불구하고 이들 AS 레벨 인터넷 토폴로지를 이용한 응용 연구들이 매우 드물다. 본 논문에서는 UCLA IRL 연구실이 제공하는 데이터를 이용해 AS 노드의 하위 스트림 AS 분포의 power-laws 특정과 인터넷 라우팅 패스 구조에 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 AS 링크 분포를 살펴 보았다. 또한, 한국과 미국 사이트를 중심으로 (발신지-목적지) 라우팅 흡수 분포를 조사하고 이들 분포와 BGP 밸리-프리 라우팅 정책 특정을 이용하여 분산서비스거부(DDoS) 공격 시 예상되는 인터넷 트래픽 임의성(randomness)을 근거로 DDoS 공격 징후를 인터넷 AS 레벨에서 발견하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2023

고화질 블랙박스의 확산과 '스마트 국민제보', '안전신문고' 등 모바일 애플리케이션의 도입에 따른 영향으로 교통법규 위반 공익신고가 급증하였으며, 이로 인해 이를 처리할 담당 경찰 인력은 부족한 상황이 되었다. 본 논문에서는 교통법규 위반 공익신고 영상 중, 가장 많은 비중을 차지하는 차선위반에 대해 딥러닝 알고리즘을 활용하여 자동 검출할 수 있는 시스템의 개발내용에 관해 기술한다. 본 연구에서는 YOLO 모델과 Lanenet 모델을 사용하여 차량과 실선 객체를 인식하고 deep sort 알고리즘을 사용하여 객체를 개별로 추적하는 방법, 그리고 차량 객체의 바운딩 박스와 실선 객체의 범위가 겹치는 부분을 인식하여 진로변경 위반을 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 시스템을 통해 신고된 영상에 대해 교통법규 위반 여부를 자동 분석해줌으로써 담당 경찰 인력 부족난을 해소할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국화재소방학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.28-41
• /
• 2000

Since a few years ago, great disasters have often took place in domestic and abroad, such as Sampoong Department store collapse, Sea-land disaster accident, Incheon Hof fire accidents. Whenever a lot of accidents occurred such as fire, gas explosion, traffic accident, mountain accident, various disease, people required 119 first aid service. As the result, even for the last year, average 2,608 person per day were temporary treated and carried to near hospital by 119 system. But first-aid team or first grade EMT(emergency medical technician) that should provide high quality service and save important lives, might have negatively treated or made their duty only for simple transfer, when they were imminent of emergency case in every kinds of accident spot. Because they worried about medical dispute for "task restriction for EMT" decided by medical laws or rules of first aid. So it was proposed that "task restriction for EMT" should be mitigated or released in the possible range on this occasion.

• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.13-38
• /
• 1991

This paper intends to develop a Prototype Expert Collision Avoidance System by introducing expert system techniques into the decision block of anti-collision loop. The problem domain of this study is characterized and specified by combining the concepts of anti-collision loop and knowledge -based system for collision avoidance. Domain in knowledge which may originates from the appropriate sources such as the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea 1972, Marine Traffic Laws, and many texts on the subject of anticollision navigation and good seamanship is acquired and formalized into the knowledge-base system using production rule. Finally, a Prototype Expert Collision Avoidance System is built by using the CLIPS, developed by AIS NASA written in and fully integrated with the C language, and some test-and-run results of the system are demonstrated and examined. The author considers the proposed system which is named PECAS to be meaningful as a test bed for a further refined Expert Collision Avoidance System on board the Automated Ship.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.73-91
• /
• 2005

The goal of the project on developing Korea as the logistics hub of Northeast Asia is to develop Busan Port and Gwangyang Port as international logistics centers by promoting and attracting more warehouses. As is well known, there is intense competition among ports located in major economic blocs to become the regional logistics hub. Gwangyang is second to none in terms of being favorably located at the center of Northeast Asia. Gwangyang Port, however, lacked in SOC construction and faced the poor government support politics hub of Northeast Asia. They are i) expanding the logistics infrastructuressuch as expressway and railroads between Yeosu Airport and Gwangyang Port, ii) Setting up new port hinterland and industrial complex in the vicinity of Gwangyang Port iii) securing high value-added fixed cargo traffic, and iv) improving laws and institutions.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.342-345
• /
• 2019

자율주행자동차는 기술적 측면에서 많은 발전이 이루어져왔으나 자율주행자동차의 상용화가 가능하도록 다양한 법적 문제를 해결하는 작업은 매우 더디게 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 자율주행자동차에서 대표적인 법적 이슈인 도로 주행 근거를 분석하고 현행 법/규정상의 문제점을 파악하며 이에 대한 개선 방안을 제시한다. 자율주행자동차에서 기술 개발과 법/규정 정비는 상호 협력적으로 이루어져야 하며, 이러한 법적 이슈를 이해하는 것은 자율주행자동차를 개발하는 기술자에게도 큰 도움이 될 것으로 여겨진다.

• 전자통신동향분석
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.36-46
• /
• 2023

This paper presents concepts, policies, industry trends, and related issues in urban air mobility (UAM). UAM will contribute to transportation by mitigating traffic congestion and environmental problems in the future. Accordingly, governments of major countries are promoting UAM policies and demonstration projects as well as preparing laws and certification standards. In UAM, overseas startups lead airframe developments, and major companies from the aircraft, automotive, and information technology industries are also participating. In addition, startups and major companies are building the corresponding infrastructure. For the development of UAM, issues related to technology, regulation systems, and infrastructure still need to be resolved.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.25-42
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 사람들이 사소한 교통법규를 어기는 행동을 한 후에 법규를 준수해야 한다는 일반적인 태도와 위반행동 사이에서 인지부조화를 경험하며, 그 부조화를 경감시키기 위해 법규 준수에 대한 자신의 태도를 부정적으로 변화시킬 가능성을 확인하였다. 이를 위해 교통법규 위반 (무단횡단, 불법주차, 신호위반)을 묘사하는 시나리오를 읽고, 그 위반행동에 대해 지지하는 글을 쓰게 하여 인지부조화를 경험하게 한 실험참가자들에게서 태도변화가 일어나는지를 관련 교통법규준수 태도를 반복 측정하는 피험자 내 설계를 통해 조사하였다. 실험결과에 따르면, 부조화 처치 전과 후의 일반적인 교통법규준수 태도를 비교한 결과, 전보다 후에 태도가 더 부정적으로 변화하였으며, 시나리오로 제시된 각 교통법규 위반상황과 관련된 태도문항들에서도 부조화를 경험하기 전보다 후의 각각의 교통법규 준수태도가 더 부정적으로 변하였다. 더 나아가 태도변화에서 인지부조화의 역할을 확인하기 위한 추가분석에서, 시나리오로 제시되지 않은 교통법규와 관련된 태도문항들(인지부조화와 관련 없는 문항들)에서는 반복측정 간에 유의미한 차이가 없었으며, 3개의 시나리오 중에 더 많은 시나리오의 위반행동에 대해 지지하는 글을 쓸수록 태도가 더 부정적으로 변화하는 패턴을 확인할 수 있었다 또한, 각 시나리오의 위반행동에 대해 지지하는 글을 작성한 집단이 그렇지 않은 집단보다 태도가 더 부정적으로 변화하였고 초기의 교통법규준수에 대해 긍정적인 태도를 가진 실험참가자가 더 많은 태도 변화를 보였다. 이러한 결과들은 결론적으로 사소한 법규위반행동이 법규에 대한 부정적 태도를 유도하고, 그 과정에서 인지부조화 기제가 중요한 역할을 한다는 사실을 지지한다. 규범 행동 간의 부조화에 대한 태도변화 가능성을 인지 대리 부조화적 설명과 함께 비교문화적 관점에서 논의하였다.