• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.133-142
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• 2004

Recently, the growth of Internet and a variety of multimedia services through Internet increasingly demands high-speed packet transmission, the new routing function, and QoS guarantee on conventional routers. Thus, a new switching mechanical called the MPLS(Multi-Protocol Label Switching), was proposed by IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force) as a solution to meet these demands. In addition the deployment of MPLS network supporting Differentiated Services is required. In this paper, we propose the architecture of the MPLS switch supporting Differentiated Services in the MPLS-based network. The traffic conditioner consists of a classifier, a meter, and a marker. The VOQ-PHB module, which combines input Queue with each PHB queue, is implemented to utilize the resources efficiently. It employs the Priority-iSLIP scheduling algorithm to support high-speed switching. We have designed and verified the new and fast hardware architecture of VOQ-PHB and the traffic conditioner for QoS and high-speed switching using NS-2 simulator. In addition, the proposed architecture is modeled in VHDL, synthesized and verified by the VSS analyzer from SYNOPSYS. Finally, to justify the validity of the hardware architecture, the proposed architecture is placed and routed using Apollo tool.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.1351-1354
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 Differentiated Services (DiffServ) 망의 edge 라우터에 적용되는 3 단계 트래픽 제어기 (3 phased traffic conditioner : 3PTC)를 제안하였다. 제안된 3PTC 는 TCP 트래픽의 예약된 대역폭 (reserved rate) 의 차이, UDP/TCP의 상호작용, RTT 및 집합된 트래픽을 구성하는 작은 트래픽 수에 의한 영향을 최소화함으로써, DiffServ 망에서 제공하는 Assured Services 사용자들에게 공정한 대역폭을 보장해 줄 수 있다. 3PTC 는 토큰버킷 단계, 확률결정 단계, 그리고 버퍼관리 단계로 이루어져 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.552-558
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• 2002

Differentiated services (DiffServ) architecture defines a new framework for the support of quality of service (QoS) in IP-based networks. RIO has received the most attention among all the active queue management mechanisms proposed for assured service in DiffServ environment. The paper proposed the enhanced RIO which could alleviate the impact of flow's packet sire on the realized throughput. The simulation results indicate that this mechanism, when combined with TSW as traffic conditioner, provide better throughput assurance and fair distribution of excess bandwidth independent of packet size of flows in case of well-provisioned network environment.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.249-250
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• 2007

This paper presents design of meter for estimation Committed Information Rate(CIR) in Differentiated Services(DiffServ) networks. The DiffServ is a target model rather than a specification that contains detailed information about the required implementation. DiffServ provides a moderate level of quality differentiation without strict guarantees[1]. A DiffServ router consists of different components including classifier, meter, marker, dropper, shaper and scheduler. In this paper, we use the benefits of the fuzzy logic controller to design a fuzzy based traffic conditioner for DiffServ[2]. Simulations show that the approach is efficient and promising.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.538-543
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• 2000

DS(Differentiated Service)에서는 RSVP와 같이 개별 flow에 대한 QoS제공이 아닌 flow들의 집합(aggregate)으로 차등적인 서비스를 제공하는 방법이다. 확장성을 고려한 이러한 방안은 광역백본망 에서와 같이 수천, 수만의 flow들에 대해 서비스를 제공하고자 할때 flow들을 집합(aggregate)화 하여 차등적인 서비스를 제공하고자 하는 것은 매우 큰 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 DS에서는 Token Bucket 방법을 사용하여 트래픽 스트림을 측정하는 이유로 불특정 flow에 대해 심각한 QoS손실을 야기할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 자원공유의 공정성을 기여하기 위해 Traffic Conditioner에서 사전 모니터링 방법을 사용하고 이 모니터링 결과를 Weighted Fair Queuing의 파라메터로 사용하여 잉여 자원을 효율적으로 사용하는 방안을 제시한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.148-156
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to compare NOx emissions from light duty diesel vehicles measured from on-road tests that conducted under various driving routes and seasonal conditions. We measured real-driving NOx emissions using PEMS, portable emissions measurement system, under the urban, rural and motorway road traffic conditions. On-road tests were repeated at summer, fall and winter season. The accumulated driving distance is more than 1,200 km per each vehicle. Route average NOx emission factors were compared among nine route-season combinations. The emission characteristics of each combinations were investigated using time series mass emission rates and vehicle operation-based emission rates and activities, which is based on U.S. EPA's MOVES model. Most concerned route-season combination is "urban road condition at summer", which shows two to eleven times higher NOx emissions than other combinations. The emission rates and activities under low speed operating conditions should be managed in order to reduce urban-summer NOx. From a NOx control strategy perspective, the exhaust gas recirculation, EGR, is observed to be properly operated under wide range of vehicle driving conditions in Euro-5 vehicles, even if the air conditioner turns on. In high power demanding conditions, the effect of overspeeding could be more critical than that of air conditioner activation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.215-225
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• 2010

This study had the purpose of presenting a residential environment solution as a desirable educational environment for middle school students to grow soundly and to achieve proper self-realization while providing basic materials to build up a suitable residential environment by comparing and analyzing what relationships exist between different home backgrounds, residential environments and middle school students' social maturity. This research was conducted from Feb. 11, 2008 to Feb. 13, 2008. The subject of this research was 601 students in 3 middle schools located in Gyunggi-do. The data analyzed used the SPSS 11.5 version. The summary of this study's results is as follows. First, in terms of home background, the higher the parents' educational background and social and economic position, the greater the students' social maturity. Second, in terms of home environment, the more spacious the living space, the better the water and sewage system and rest room, the more convenient the air conditioner and kitchen system, the better the lighting, ventilation, soundproofness, insulation, the less the danger in relation to fire, crime, traffic accidents, disaster, the greater the students' social maturity. Third, in terms of the home environment related to the correlation between the residential environment and social maturity, all areas such as housing facilities, housing structural environment and housing safety showed static correlations and proved that the residential environment has an important influence on social maturity. Accordingly, in order to build up an ideal residential environment, we should make efforts to expand and improve better facilities at home considering privacy, lighting, ventilation, soundproofness, heating etc. and remove unsound factors that obstruct students social maturity and build up clean and safe residential environment with good relations with their neighbors.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.358-367
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• 2002

The IETF Differentiated Services (Diffserv) WG focused on Providing service differentiation on the Internet. One problem of the Diffserv Assured Services (AS) architecture is that it cannot guarantee fairness and throughput assurance. In this paper, we propose two schemes for guaranteeing fairness among the various target rates in the AS architecture. One is a variant of RED with IN and OUT (RIO), called the improved RIO (IRIO). The other is a variant of Time Sliding Window (TSW), called the improved TSW (ITSW). To validate the Proposed schemes, their behaviors are then examined under various simulation environments. The simulation results showed that IRIO and ITSW improved fairness and the throughput assurance in the AS architecture.