• International Journal of Contents
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Recently, the number of traffic accidents on trunk roads tends to decrease due to the performance improvement of passenger vehicles. In the commuter rush hour of morning and evening, vehicles via residential road increases without going along trunk roads. Therefore, there are many traffic accidents of pedestrians (or bicycles) and vehicles on residential roads. In order to safeguard residents against traffic accidents, traffic calming devices (TCD), such as chicane, speed hump, and school zone, etc. have been introduced. Investigating these effects repeatedly is not easy since many times and efforts are required, such as observed at the place actually. In this paper, the effects of TCDs in residential areas, such as noise, speed, and emission of a vehicle, using Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) are examined. As a result, it is found that it is possible to reduce the speed of the vehicle by TCD, and the level of noise at the location behind TCD becomes higher than the level of noise at the location of TCD implemented.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2004

대기오염 중 자동차에서 배출되는 오염물질이 차지하는 비중이 '92년 60.8%에서 '99년 85.2%로 점차 증가하고 있는 현실을 반영하여 자동차 배기가스로 인한 대기오염 문제는 최근 몇 년 동안 교통 및 환경분야에서 중요한 연구과제로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ITS 검지정보를 입력하여 네트워크 상에서 개별 차량의 운행 패턴과 교통류 특성 변화를 모사하고 이러한 변화에 따라 도로에서 발생하는 자동차 배기가스 배출량을 추정하고 이를 시각적으로 표현할 수 있는 모니터링 시스템 개발을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 교통류 시뮬레이션 모형에 대한 고찰을 통해 국내 외 미시적 교통류 시뮬레이션 프로그램의 내부 알고리즘을 고찰하고, 모니터링 시스템에 탑재하기 위한 교통류 알고리즘을 구축하였다. 또한 배기가스 추정을 위해 배기가스 배출량 산정 및 확산에 관한 연구의 검토를 통해 기존 모형의 한계를 제시하면서 대안적 접근방향을 제시하였고 이러한 연구를 체계화하여 교통류 변화에 따른 대기오염 변화를 모니터링 할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2007

단순한 배기가스의 양적 감소를 위한 노력에서 벗어나 환경정의와 같은 새로운 이론적 체계 속에서 교통 운영 개선과 대기오염 개선을 함께 살펴보았다. 즉, 환경정의의 관점에서 새로운 목표를 설정하고. 설정된 목표를 달성하기 위한 교통운영 대안들을 마련한 후, 교통 및 환경차원에서 동시에 적용 평가하는 틀을 마련하였다. 이러한 이론적 틀은 교통개선을 통한 환경정의 구현 목표 설정, 교통운영전략 시나리오 수립, 시나리오별 결과 산출, 결과 분석 및 시사점 도출의 과정으로 구성된다. 본 연구를 통해 환경적 요구가 뚜렷하게 강조되어야 하는 경우에는 환경정의가 우선되는 교통운영 개선전략을 마련하고 평가하여 시행할 수 있는 도구를 마련하였다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 대기오염 물질이 대기 변화에 따라 주변 지역의 오염농도에 미치는 영향 분석에 대한 필요성과 구체적인 방법론을 제시하였다. 이에 대한 사례연구로서 경기도 포천지역 도로망을 대상으로 본 방법론을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 방법론은 1) 교통에서 배출된 오염물질만을 고려한 확산 분석, 2) 교통에서 배출된 오염물질과 주변오염물질농도를 결합하여 분석하는 두 가지 분석 모형을 포함하고 있다. 이를 통해 교통에 의해 발생된 대기오염물질이 교통망과 교통망 주변지역에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 유용 할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 교통에 의해 발생된 대기오염원과 대기오염원이 인체에 미치는 영향을 본 분석에 근거하여 도로주변 고농도의 대기오염물질에 의한 위해성(危害性)을 평가하는데 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1994

The research described in this paper is conducted to estimate the short-term concentrations of nonreactive pollutants such as CO and TSP from vehicle emissions near Kyungbu Highway. An emphasis is placed on the development of a model for a hourly traffic volume for each vehicle type, which is based on real traffic data. By using the model and the calculated emission factor due to vehicle speed for each vehicle type, the emission rate of CO and TSP for each traffic line is computed. The hourly emission rate and meteorological data are used to simulate by HIWAY-2 for the distance of 5m and 10m from the downwind edge of Kyungbu Highway located in relatively uncomplicated terrain.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.506-517
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• 2012

Electronic Toll Collection System (ETCS), so called "Hi-Pass" in Korea, has improved traffic flow at toll gate of highways. It is known that the improvement of traffic flow should reduce air pollutants and $CO_2$ from vehicles. In this study, real driving emission of a light duty truck with Portable Emission Measurement System(PEMS) has been measured to evaluate the emission reduction effect due to ETCS. The correlations between driving variables and emissions have been analyzed to verify its effect on traffic flow improvement and emission reduction at toll gate. We considered average vehicle speed, Relative Positive Acceleration (RPA), and the distance of queue as driving variables. Compared to passing Manual Toll Collection System (MTCS) lane without queue, ETCS was able to reduce 38.7% of $NO_x$, 21.6% of soot, and 27.7% of $CO_2$. The results showed that the higher the average vehicle speed, the lower RPA and no queue in ETCS contributed to the emission reductions. Linear equation models with RPA and queue have been established by the multiple linear regression method. The linear models resulted in the higher coefficient of determination than those with only average vehicle speed used for establishing vehicle emission factors.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.454-465
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• 2012

The Korean government decided to reduce 30% of GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions BAU in 2020. Since many efforts to reduce emissions are urgently needed in Korea, the central administrative organization urges local governments to establish their own reduction schemes. Among many GHG emission categories, the emission from mobile source in Gyeonggi Province accounted for 25.3% of total emissions in 2007 and further the emission from road transport sector occupied the most dominant portion in this transportation category. The objective of this study was to compare 3 types of GHG emissions from road transport sector in 31 local cities/counties of Gyeonggi Province, which have been estimated by Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 methodologies. As results, the GHG emission rates by the Tier 1 and Tier 2 were $19,991kt-CO_2\;Eq/yr$ and $18,511kt-CO_2\;Eq/yr$, respectively. On the other hand, the emission rate by Tier 3 excluding a branch road emission portion was $18,051kt-CO_2\;Eq/yr$. In addition, the total emission rate including all the main and branch road portions in Gyeonggi Province was $24,152kt-CO_2\;Eq/yr$, which was estimated by a new Tier 3 methodology. Based on this study, we could conclude that Tier 3 is a reasonable methodology than Tier 1 or Tier 2. However, more accurate and less uncertain methodology must be developed by expanding traffic survey areas and adopting a suitable model for traffic volumes.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.94-104
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to quantify the compliance of on-road emission from a light duty diesel vehicle, based on a comparison to emission regulation standard. $NO_x$, CO and THC emissions were measured using a portable device on a selected real-world driving route with a length of approximately 22 km. On-road measurements were repeated by 10 times on a same route to reflect variability in traffic conditions. A test route was divided into 22 road links with length of 1 km to analyze emission results with higher spatial resolution. The average emissions of $NO_x$, CO and THC over total travel distance, which is approximately 220 km, were quantified to be in compliance with emission regulation standards. Under higher spatial resolution, $NO_x$ concentration exceeded a standard in 92 links out of 220 links. The extended time in stop period and the stop-and-go driving cycle were identified as two important reasons for increased $NO_x$ emissions in observed cases. Heavy traffics showed higher $NO_x$ emissions than free flow. These results indicate that the real-world vehicle emissions might exceed the compliance level associate with traffic conditions. Another interesting observation of this research is that the on-road emission characteristics can be independent to the average speed of road links with higher spatial resolution. Variability in on-road emission might not be fully described by solely relying on an average speed, because variability in traffic conditions and road conditions can influence on real-world vehicle emissions.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2007

교통정책측면에서 국내의 자동차 배출가스로 인한 대기오염 문제는 그 중요성에 비해 구체화된 연구가 부족한 것이 현실이다. 이에 본 연구는 국내외 교통환경 관련연구를 차량배출량 산정, 차량배출량감소 정책, 차량배출량감소 교통운영 관련연구로 구분하고 연구동향 및 시사점을 도출하였다. 그 결과, 국내의 차량배출량 산정관련 연구는 차량의 주행특성을 반영하지 못하는 거시적인 산정방법위주의 연구에 그치고 있어, 미시적인 배출량산정 모형을 개발해야 할 필요성을 제기하였다. 차량배출량감소 정책관련 연구는 계량화된 기초자료를 축적하여 권역별 대기오염 수준에 맞는 차별화된 정책을 수립해야 함을 강조하였으며, 차량배출량감소 교통운영관련 연구는 환경영향의 정량적 평가와 ITS 및 신호시스템의 영향을 고려할 수 있는 시뮬레이션 기법 개발을 통해 차량배출량을 최소화 시키는 교통신호운영전략의 수립이 이루어져야함을 제안하였다. 최근 교통분야에서 환경의 고려가 중요시 되는바, 본 연구결과가 연구자들에게 최근 연구사항을 신속히 파악하여 연구효율을 극대화 하는데 기여하길 기대한다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.214-222
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• 2016

Changes in road infrastructure affect driving patterns and pollutant emission characteristics. we analyzed the changes in driving patterns and pollutant emission characteristics of the driving route via measured driving patterns at year 2009 and 2016. Since 2009, there has been an increase in population and traffic demand, including residential areas and industrial facilities. Traffic conditions were improved such as the opening of the highway Inter-Change to Seoul and the construction of underground driveway. As a result, the average vehicle speed increased. More detail comparisons have made on the changes of the underground driveway section and the crossroad section, which are expected to have significant changes in the transportation infrastructure. The vehicle speed distribution of the underground driveway changed from low speed to high speed, and the increase of the time spent at the high speed and high load caused the increase of NOx emissions. The vehicle speed also increased at the crossroad section, and the consequence NOx and $CO_2$ emissions decreased. It is mainly because the decreased time spent at idle, which results from the proper traffic demand management at this area.