• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2012

Recently urban areas have been advanced in the aspects of convenience, traffic, and cultural environments, but they have faced various problems including environmental issues, traffic congestion, and increasing stress. In contrast, rural areas are in charge of various functions, conservations of natural environments and traditional cultures. Rural life style may be beneficial to urbanites. As urbanites are increasingly interested in leisure activities, such as experiences of tradition cultures and education, safe foods and rural tourism are gaining attention as alternative ways of satisfying their desires. In other words, the rural tourism not only provides urbanites with leisure spaces by playing a role in relations between urban and rural areas, but also acts as a nonfarm income to the rural residents. With the changes of time, the number of current rural experience tourism on a nationwide is increasing and competition among locations is getting intensive. Particularly, despite various rural tourism villages in operation, there is not a standard in the dice for experience cost and accommodation costs. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to estimate urbanites' willingness to pay(WTP) for rural experience tourism and to provide basic data for qualitative growth and revitalization with regard to the tours. The estimated WTP for rural experience tourism was found to be 5,600won for experience, 5,600won for food, 42,000won for accommodation, and 13,000won for purchasing farm products, respectively. This trend could be similarly found (there were slight differences in food cost) on all analyses, such as the research of the current situations of rural tourism villages in Gyeongnam province, the pilot survey and the estimation depending on whether or not urbanites experienced the tours. In other words, the WTP for urban hands-on experience tours estimated by this study is considered highly significant in terms with possibility of its application in the sites. It is concluded that the urbanites' WTP for rural experience tourism obtained by this study will contribute to the setup of standard index of rural tourism, the qualitative development of rural hands-on experiences, and the raise of nonfarm income.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.380-389
• /
• 2012

This study aims to argue fundamental issues on factors associated with revenues of hand injury patients to effectively manage hospitals specialized in hand injuries. The study employes 2,461 patients who entered S hospital from 2008 to 2010 with hand injuries. The followings are the results of the study. First, there is significant difference among occurrence of hand injuries with regard to demographics of patients. That is, it is likely to have longer average length of stay(ALOS) of male over female, of the elderly over infants and toddlers, and vice versa on average daily patient revenues. Also, compared to patients with traffic and labor insurance, patients with health insurance is likely to stay longer at lower daily cost. Fifth, demographics and incidence of hand injuries were significantly associated with average length of stay(ALOS) and average daily patient revenues. That is, male over female, age over 60 over any other age categories, patients with traffic and labor insurances over one with health insurance, cases with laceration, avulsion and bone transplantation over any other types of hand injury patients were factors significantly related to ALOS and average daily patient revenues. In sum, it is needed to focus on education and campaign to raise attentions on preventing various hand injuries. Also, managers at hospitals specialized in hand injuries should pay attention on issues such as reducing ALOS to run the organization effectively.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2015

There have been sustained developments of advanced technologies using traffic safety facilities recently and techniques for identifying failure modes and devices which could result in fatal outcomes. The purpose of this research is aimed at improving the driving conditions in advance through analyzing the IT convergence, driving education, researches for vehicles, field of construction and robotics. The researchers evaluate on usability tests of the driving with 26 candidates through focusing on safety, convenience, efficiency, effectiveness. Using specialized LED panel to enhance driving performances of disabled people are for cautious road conditions like foggy weather or heavy rain. As a result, there were improvements in the driving conditions, and candidates reported this system was helpful. It allows them for maintaining proper driving all times and was especially informative for people with low vision or visually impaired. This system plays a pivotal role as a prevention mechanism not only for regular drivers but also for further delict of traffic violations or accident offenders who already have former record on tort.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.674-694
• /
• 2007

Recently private procurement projects for urban infrastructure have been emphasized and introduced by government(both central and local) as an important method to supplement public budget shortage and to improve creativity and efficiency in its construction and operation, and hence to promote regional development. But these private procurement projects seem to be implemented under the neoliberal condition of urban policy for private capital to extend its sphere of investment and to ensure its opportunity of profit. Such private procurement projects for urban infrastructure have been legislated and widely applied since 1994 in S. Korea, but in recent years they have triggered out a variety of serious problems. In results of this study on the private procurement for construction and operation of Burnan Road in Daegu, it can be pointed out, it has led serious problems such as overestimation of traffic volume in plan, over-appropriation of construction cost and appurtenant business, irYational operation and account of the operating firm, problem in refinancing and change in contents of practical agreement, and over-compensation of minimum operation revenue. Some measures that can be considered as alternatives to resolve those problems and to operate more rationally the Buman Road include those of increasing traffic revenues, of reducing supports of public financing, and withdrawal of (part or whole of) operational right from the private firm.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.117-132
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze factors that affect road users' acceptance of fully autonomous vehicles (level 4 or higher). A survey was done with drivers of general cars and pedestrians who share roads with fully autonomous vehicles. Five acceptability factors were selected: trust towards technology, compatibility, policy, perceived safety, and perceived usefulness. The effect on behavioral intention was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The perceived safety and trust towards technology were found to be very important in the acceptance of fully autonomous vehicles, regardless of the respondent, and policy was not influential. Compatibility and perceived usefulness were particularly influential factors for drivers. In order to improve the acceptance by road users, securing technical completeness of fully autonomous vehicles is important. Certification and evaluation of the safe driving ability of fully autonomous vehicles should be thoroughly performed, and based on the results, it is necessary to improve the perception by road users. It is necessary to positively recognize fully autonomous vehicles through education and publicity for road users and to support their smooth interaction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.98-107
• /
• 2013

Big and old trees in the scenic spots with the attributes of remote villas are vulnerable to man-made damages and very sensitive to the external environment such as soil conditions, so the corresponding management plans are required. Thus this study has been conducted to survey the big and old trees in the scenic remote villas and suggest the ideal management plans. The results can be summarized as follows. First, regarding the tree heath above the ground, transformation of tree, death of branches, and death of barks are closely related to tree vigor. Particularly, the areas receiving many visitors require prompt countermeasures against the dried and dead tress above the ground and the areas in which dried and dead tress occurred and also the safety measures for the visitors and facilities. Second, regarding the soil environment, visitor traffic is closely related to the tree vigor. In 15 remote villa gardens, 64% of trees are exposed to heavy traffic and the tree vigor has declined due to an increase of visitor. Thus, there is a need to give positive consideration the installation of the complementary facilities and the plantation of herbal plants in the congested areas to form the ground surface that can tolerate the heavy visitor traffic. Third, remote gardens are in general located adjacent to ponds and mountain streams and thus the trees in the waterfront areas require the prompt countermeasures against the decline of growth due to the excess-moisture in the soil. Further the blockage of the sewage system due to the heavy rains dampens the surrounding soil, which results in lethal damages to the trees. Thus, there is a need of the maintenance of the waterfront areas and sewage system before and after the rainy season. In addition, there is a need to establish medium-long term management polices through the recognition of the importance of the main trees of remote villa gardens in scenic spots and prepare the tree management manual depending on the attributes of the corresponding areas. I strongly suggest making manuals for the systematic management as well as the extensive PR activities and education for the preservation of tress on a long-term basis; and furthermore securing the budget and manpower for the research and development of a systematic management system.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.556-569
• /
• 2015

With about 75% of the population of Korea criticizing the government's disaster policy and a failure to respond to large-scale emergency like the Sewol ferry sinking means that there is a deep distrust in the government. In order to prevent dreadful disasters such as the Sewol ferry sinking, it is important to secure a prime time with respect to disaster safety. Improving crisis management skills and managerial role of police officers who are in close proximity to the people is necessary for the success of disaster management. With disaster management as one of the most essential missions of the police, as a part of a national crisis management, a step by step strengthening of the disaster safety management system of the police is necessary, as below. First, at the prevention phase, law enforcement officers were not injected into for profit large-scale assemblies or events, but in the future the involvement, injection should be based on the level of potential risk, rather than profitability. In the past and now, the priortiy was the priority was on traffic flow, traffic communication, however, the paradigm of traffic policy should be changed to a safety-centered policy. To prevent large-scale accidents, police investigators should root out improper routines and illegal construction subcontracting. The police (intelligence) should strengthen efforts to collect intelligence under the subject of "safety". Second, with respect to the preparatory phase, on a survey of police officers, the result showed that 72% of police officers responded that safety management was not related to the job descriptions of the police. This, along with other results, shows that the awareness of disaster safety must be adopted by, or rather changed in the police urgently. The training in disaster safety education should be strengthened. A network of experts (private, administrative, and police) in safety management should be established to take advantage of private resources with regard to crisis situtions. Third, with respect to the response phase, for rapid first responses to occur, a unified communication network should be established, and a real-time video information network should be adopted by the police and installed in the police situation room. Fourth, during the recovery phase, recovery teams should be injected, added and operated to minimize secondary damage.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.165-182
• /
• 1998

When tour site is being used by people for the destination of tour, it has a life, or it will lose its life as a tour site. Therefore this paper aims to, based on Butler's theory, has chosen 46 hot spring spots in Korea which are legally assigned and presently running, and tried to analyze the life cycles, the stage of dispositional characteristics, and visitors' favoritism, and to try to find activating method which is not decline. Out of 46 spots, 29 Places were found on the stage of development, which took high percentage, 4 were on the growing stage, 5 were on the mature stage, 5 were on the stagnation or decline stage and the rest 3 were on the stage of rejuvenation. Geographically, Korean hot springs were located on the plain or mountainous areas mostly, and less of them were on hills and coast lines. In water quality, most of places had simple water while the places with salt and sulfur contained water were marked low rate. The temperatures of hot spring water were variable between $25^{\circ}C{\sim}78^{\circ}C$, but the older hot springs were hotter than new ones. After observing the relationship between disposition characteristics and life cycles, the geographical locations and the matter of approach were found as majour influential factors to the life cycles of them. The type of mountainous areas were observed slow progress in life cycle, due to traffic problem, until the road expansion or pavement work were done. Meanwhile, the suburban ones adjacent to big cities were favored by hot spring tourists due to their easy approach and easy traffic. The new born hot springs with such conditions have shown the fast growth. As studied above, since the hot springs were supposed to be for recuperation and vacational, a hot spring with better recreational and accommodational facilities was more favored by tourists than the one with pretty interior decorations. It was because the tour purpose of people has been switched from single purpose to multi one. Thus, the suggestion for activating a declining hot spring and bringing people in them is to develop new and attractive tour resources, expanding the related area, maintaining good quality of water, developing a complex site for long-term tour, developed traffic routs, hot spring festivals, utilizing adjacent tour resources, preparing public water supply system, and assigning as special tour zone.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.4801-4806
• /
• 2012

There are still problems have to solve for safety of driving comparing to the upgraded convenience of advanced vehicle. Most traffic accident is by uncareful driving cause of interface operations which are directive reasons of it in controlling the complicate multimedia device. According to interesting in smart automobile, various approaches for safe driving have been studied. The current multimedia interface embedded in vehicle is lacking the safety due to loss the sense and operation capacity by instantaneous view movement. In this paper, we propose a safe dialing system for safe driving to control dial and search dictionary by hand-gesture. The proposed system improved the user convenience and safety in automobile operation using intuitive gesture and TTS(Text to Speech).

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.467-484
• /
• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to review, with the main focus on aviation safety technology and management program, how human factors are currently taken into consideration within transportation sectors, especially aviation, and to further share related information. Background: Human factors account for the majority of aviation accidents/incidents. Thus, the aviation sector has been comparatively quick in developing and applying technologies and management programs that deal with human factors. This paper reviews the latest safety technologies and management programs regarding human factors and aims to identify the trend. Method: This paper, based on literature research and practical experience, examines the latest international standards on technologies and management programs, those that deal with human factors and are adopted by international and domestic aviation organization. The main focus of discussion is how human factors are reflected during the system design and operation process. Results: The current most important issue in designing is the consideration of human factors in Cockpit, Automation, and Safety system technology design. From an operational point of view, the issues at hand are screening and training aviation workers to promote aviation safety, providing education on human factors and CRM/TEM, and running a safety management program to implement SMS. They were discussed based on the operational experience within the aviation sector. Conclusion: Major examples of a human factors approach to promote aviation safety are safety programs and various safety and monitoring technologies applied to aviation personnel for error management. These programs must be managed in an integrated manner that takes both the system designing and operational point of view into account. Application: It is thought that the human factors approach for promoting aviation safety reviewed in this paper can be extended and applied to safety management programs in other transportation sectors such as the railroad, maritime, road traffic etc.