• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.178-202
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• 2012

In this paper, we first survey cross-layer architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). Afterwards, we propose a novel cross-layer architecture for QoS provisioning in clustered and multi-hop based WMSNs. The proposed architecture provides support for multiple network-based applications on a single sensor node. For supporting multiple applications on a single node, an area in memory is reserved where each application can store its network protocols settings. Furthermore, the proposed cross-layer architecture supports heterogeneous flows by classifying WMSN traffic into six traffic classes. The architecture incorporates a service differentiation module for QoS provisioning in WMSNs. The service differentiation module defines the forwarding behavior corresponding to each traffic class. The forwarding behavior is primarily determined by the priority of the traffic class, moreover the service differentiation module allocates bandwidth to each traffic class with goals to maximize network utilization and avoid starvation of low priority flows. The proposal incorporates the congestion detection and control algorithm. Upon detection of congestion, the congested node makes an estimate of the data rate that should be used by the node itself and its one-hop away upstream nodes. While estimating the data rate, the congested node considers the characteristics of different traffic classes along with their total bandwidth usage. The architecture uses a shared database to enable cross-layer interactions. Application's network protocol settings and the interaction with the shared database is done through a cross-layer optimization middleware.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2005

This paper presents an advanced architecture for a traffic generator capable of producing ATM traffic streams according to fully general semi-Markovian stochastic models. The architecture employs a basic traffic generator platform and enhances it by adding facilities for 'driving' the cell generation process through high-level specifications. Several kinds of optimization are employed for enhancing the software's speed to match the hardware's potential and for ensuring that traffic streams corresponding to models with a wide range of parameters can be generated efficiently and reliably. The proposed traffic generation procedure is highly modular. Thus, although this paper deals with ATM traffic, the main elements of the architecture can be used equally well for generating traffic loads on other networking technologies, IP-based networks being a notable example.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 CBQ (Class Based Queuing) 알고리즘을 이용하여 DDoS 공격으로부터 메일 서버를 보호할 수 있는 효과적인 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법에서는 메일 서버로 입력되는 트래픽을 중요한 메일 트래픽, 덜 중요한 메일 트래픽, 그 외의 공격의 가능성이 있는 알 수 없는 트래픽으로 구분하고 이들 각 트래픽에 서로 다른 대역폭을 할당함으로써 DDoS 공격 하에서도 정상적인 메일의 송신을 가능하게 한다. 제안하는 방법은 입출력 포트의 대역폭을 별도의 서비스(트래픽 클래스)마다 분산 할당하는 데에 유용한 가중치 사용 라운드 로빈 큐 스케줄링을 이용하는 WFHBD(Weighted Fair Hashed Bandwidth Distribution) 엔진을 고속 스위칭 프로세서를 내장한 임베디드 시스템에서 사용하고 실험을 통하여 DDoS 공격으로부터 메일 서버가 효율적으로 보호될 수 있음을 검증한다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2011

OFDMA systems have been expected to be widely used to provide multimedia services over wireless channels. To evaluate performance of the OFDMA system, power should be considered as system resource as well as subcarriers. This study propose a queueing traffic model incorporating two kinds of resources (power and subcarriers), and an extended model giving a priority to handoff calls over new calls. Some extensive experiments are conducted to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed traffic model.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.45-48
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• 2002

This paper presents a QoS-guaranteed traffic control system which supports QoS of realtime packet transmission for the multimedia communication. The traffic control system presented in this paper applies the integrated service model and provides QoS o(packet transmission by means of determining the packet transmission rate with the policy of network manager and the optimal resource allocation according to the end-to-end traffic load. It also provides QoS for the realtime packet transmission through the AWF2Q+ Scheduling algorithm and per-class queuing method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.473-494
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• 2020

To provide a guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) to real-time traffic in High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) core network, we proposed an enhanced mechanism. For an enhanced QoS, a Class-Based Low Latency Fair Queueing (CBLLFQ) packet scheduling algorithm is introduced in this work. Packet classification, metering, queuing, and scheduling using differentiated services (DiffServ) environment was the points in focus. To classify different types of real-time voice and multimedia traffic, the QoS provisioning mechanisms use different DiffServ code points (DSCP).The proposed algorithm is based on traffic classes which efficiently require the guarantee of services and specified level of fairness. In CBLLFQ, a mapping criterion and an efficient queuing mechanism for voice, video and other traffic in separate queues are used. It is proved, that the algorithm enhances the throughput and fairness along with a reduction in the delay and packet loss factors for smooth and worst traffic conditions. The results calculated through simulation show that the proposed calculations meet the QoS prerequisites efficiently.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1907-1914
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• 1998

본 논문은 측정에 근거한 연결 수락 제어에서 입력 트래픽에 따라 측정 반영 비율을 적응적으로 변화시키는 방식을 제안한다. 측정 반영 비율은 다음 갱신 기간에서 발생될 셀의 확률분포를 추정하는데 사용되는 파라미터이며 추정치와 측정치의 오차를 줄여 줄 수있다. 만약 측정 반영 비율이 고정적인 값이라면 다양한 서비스 품질을 요구하는 트래픽에 적용하기가 어렵다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 추정치와 측정치의 차의 비율로 측정 반영 비율을 변화시켜서 추정 오차를 줄여주었다. 또한, 다양한 특성을 가진 트래픽이 다중화된 경우 각 트래픽 클래스체 대해서 개별 버퍼를 두어 다음 갱신 기간에서의 등가 대역을 적응적으로 추정하였다. 트래픽 클래스별 추정 등가 대역비에 따라 서비스를 수행하여 링크 효율을 높일 수 있었다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2013

Provisioning of quality of service (QoS) is a key issue in any multi-media system. However, in wireless systems, supporting QoS requirements of different traffic types is a more challenging problem due to the need to simultaneously minimize two performance metrics - the probability of dropping a handover call and the probability of blocking a new call. Since QoS requirements are not as stringent for non-real-time traffic, as opposed to real-time traffic, more calls can be accommodated by releasing some bandwidth from the already admitted non-real-time traffic calls. If the released bandwidth that is used to handle handover calls is larger than the released bandwidth that is used for new calls, then the resulting probability of dropping a handover call is smaller than the probability of blocking a new call. In this paper, we propose an efficient call admission control algorithm that relies on adaptive multi-level bandwidth-allocation scheme for non-realtime calls. The scheme allows reduction of the call dropping probability, along with an increase in the bandwidth utilization. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme is capable of attaining negligible handover call dropping probability without sacrificing bandwidth utilization.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.171-191
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose a new heuristic design algorithm for the virtual path (VP)-based ATM network with multiple traffic classes, in which QoS constraints associated with traffic class are taken into account. The minimum bandwidth of VP required to carry given amount of traffic is obtained by utilizing an equivalent bandwidth concept, and the route of each VP is placed so that the network cost is minimized while the QoS requirement is fulfilled To evaluate our design algorithm, we consider two kinds of traffic: voice traffic as low speed service and still picture traffic as high speed service. Through numerical examples, we demonstrate that our design method can achieve an efficient use of network resources, which results in providing a cost-effective VP-based ATM network.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2019

본 논문은 전술 통신망에서 QoS 향상을 위한 클래스 기반의 FQ-CoDel(Flow queue-Control Delay) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 전술 통신망에서 다양한 응용체계 서비스를 제공하게 되면서 병목현상으로 인한 트래픽 손실 및 지연 문제가 대두되었고 따라서 효과적인 트래픽 처리 방안 연구에 대한 필요성이 제기되었다. 제안방안은 클래스 기반의 FQ-CoDel 알고리즘을 이용한 동적인 버퍼 관리 및 스케줄링 기술로써 서비스 특성 및 중요도에 따라 해당 큐에 패킷을 분류하고 주기적으로 각 패킷의 대기시간을 체크하여 기준 대기 시간을 초과하는 경우 해당 패킷을 폐기하여 큐에 저장된 트래픽 양을 일정 수준으로 조절한다.