• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2011

This study is explored the relationship of cultural history between the culture of mental stroll about nature and the traditional landscape architecture spaces, which showed various aspects of developments, based on the records as to landscape architecture spaces. The philosophical view on nature was turned into the esthetic view with the mellow ripeness of multifarious cultures in Choseon period, since the life of literati had to be a comprise between the Confucius' life and the Taoist life. Around the seventeenth century, as the culture of enjoying a secluded life in city had been descended, the aspiration to appreciate nature in daily life with the changed view on nature. Those desires made the Wa-yu culture, which has a meaning of mental stroll about nature, and drew the attention and various kinds of the Wa-yu culture had bloomed. In the field of Korean literature, the record of strolling in nature had flourished, while the realistic landscape painting had emerged in the field of art. In the field of landscape architecture, the building of places where the vivid experience of nature was realized in the aspect of impressions was performed to express their utopia. Indeed, the space of traditional landscape architecture in the reality meant more than the actual nature.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.101-115
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• 2005

The main aim of this research is centered on the relation between nature and humans, and is to study the ecological characteristics appearing both in Landscape Architecture, one of the currents of ecological architecture as the architectural solution on the relation between humans and nature, and in our traditional architecture. Through this study, we were able to see that our traditional architecture was influenced by our ancestor's view of nature, and that the foremost feature of our ancestor's view of nature on our traditional architecture is not conflicting with nature, but, instead it is complying with it through seeking harmony with nature. Also we could see that our ancestor's view of nature is similar to Landscape Architecture having come to the fore toward the tendency of modern ecological paradigm in that it is the representation seeking the organic view of nature pursuing the oneness among artificial structure, humans, and nature. That is, we could figure out that various ecological features appearing in modem Landscape Architecture had been represented for a long long time, in a natural fashion, In the manner of space makeup in our traditional architecture. This is the characteristic of our ecological thinking system understanding nature and humans at the same context, and it has come down not only to our everyday living but to the manner of architectural solutions as well. Through this research, we could reconsider the modern value of ecological architecture inherent in our traditional architecture.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

The Asian cultural landscape is a mirrored ecosystem of great complexity, formed by the interaction of man and nature, coupled with a host of ecological processes. The human dependencies on and environmental adaptation of the bio-organisms and the surrounding landscape constitute the typical cultural landscape. Islands are a good example of a cultural landscape, and each mosaic pattern of marine and coastal ecosystems reflects bio-cultural diversity. Along with land-use patterns, wise use of biological organisms and indigenous knowledge has expanded to islands in the Asia-Pacific region in several ways (sea current and human impact, etc.). Loss in biodiversity and landscape diversity as well as cultural diversity owing to global warming and rapid urbanization are emerging issues for island ecosystems all over the world. In order to sustain the historical coexistence between man and natural systems, we ecologists must continue to search for a holistic solution for academic consilience. In this paper, I present the vision and practical characteristics of island ecology with a view toward the conservation of the traditional landscape and bio-cultural diversities in the seascape.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the tendency of the research on the traditional scenery architecture based on the old literature for the last 10 years and to suggest direction of the research on the traditional scenery through utilization of the old literature. For the tendency analysis of the research on the traditional scenery, I investigated and analyzed researches published in the Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture between 2002 and 2012, and reviewed the utilization of the old literature about research on the traditional scenery. The number of the research papers through the old literature was two or three a year by 2009, but has increased to more than eight from 2010. The utilization tendency of the old literature was mostly to use the Korean translations or to use a collection of an individual's works after partially translating. As some of the researches were carried out only through translations even when they used the original, historical evidence on the translation of the original was insufficient. I can suggest the direction of the research on the traditional scenery by the results as follows: it is necessary to present both translation and the original and to specify the source of translation, for the efficient understanding and verification of the original. Professional translation of landscape architecture and scenery also seems to be necessary for the records of the current state. For the analysis of the old literature, as the analysis of the traditional scenery both through poetry and records facilitates assumption of the location of landscape by the abundant data, it seems to be necessary to approach research, using poetry and prose complementarily, after preparing foundation of research based on the records.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

This study attempted to examine the loving pigeon culture practiced in traditional gardens and to illuminate the aspect of pigeons as a landscape animal material. In order to understand the culture of enjoying old garden through pigeons, the contents were analyzed for the translated version of the old literatures and paintings. Pigeons have been used as Jeonseo-gu(傳書鳩) and also for medicinal purposes and food. Pigeons have various symbolic meanings such as abundance, hospitality, and longevity. From the Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty, pigeons were raised in the palace and private garden. In the late Joseon Dynasty, temporary trend of ornamental pigeon culture occurred. Pigeons were synesthesia materials that enriched the forest. Various beautiful pigeons created a variable landscape of the primeval forest as a moving landscape material. The bell sounds that appear differently depending on the pigeon's movement led to a rich auditory experience of the landscape. The pigeon house was an ornamental element that enriched the old garden along with the pigeon. The owners of garden were involved in gardening through the act of buying a pigeon house and placing it in the garden or making a pigeon house themselves. In addition, the writers planted plum trees, peach trees, apricot trees, and hawthorn trees as a symbol of spring and a source of food for pigeons, and expressed them in poems and paintings. This study has a limitation in that the translation of the old text was used as an analysis data. The follow-up studies on specific cases of raising pigeons in the old garden, in modern and contemporary landscape spaces are urged.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 1999

The Fallingwater, one of Wright's best designs, is known as a good example of "Organic Architecture". Its landscape characteristics are harmonious relationship between architecture and landscape, adaptable siting, composition of spatial and visual structure, floating spaceness, interlocking of water and house, dramatic approach, and vernacular material use. This characteristics had begun from the Prairie architecture, but also had influenced by the culture and art of the Far East. He was open to foreign cultures. Staying in Japan for years, he had travelled China, too. In this process, he might be exposed to Korean art and culture which were under Japan at that time. Comparing the front image of the Songkwang Temple to that of the Fallingwater, their compositions between architecture, water, and landscape are so similar to each other. They are also close to each other in terms of spatial structure. Therefore the landscape characteristics found in the Fallingwater design are more similar to Korean landscape architectural characteristics than Japanese ones. Therefore we are going to suggest the hypothesis that Wright is influenced by Korean landscape design in the design of the Fallingwater. Considering his impact upon the design world, it will be significant if the concept of Korean traditional landscape design is placed behind his design of the great architecture.hitecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Recently the concerns of landscape resources were on the increase about the landscape of control and landscape design. In order to this, purpose of this paper is to develop architectural landscape design data of individual house in Gangwon Provinces. The type of landscape in Donghae seaside consist of three; Road, Mountain, Seaside. And the type of images about individual housing are three; Western, Traditional, Modern. This research is analyzed 18-simulation scenes, factor analysis is used for the SPSS. The results of this study are as follows. First, the housing of western style do not correspond with landscape of Road, but landscape of mountain and seaside were suitable to the western style. Second, mountain in Donghae seaside harmonizes with housing of traditional style. Third, even though the housing of modern style were marked low assessment in three landscape, we found out relation, modern housing was well-matched load landscape. Finally, to improve of landscape housing, which will serve as systematic approach with association of clients, constructors, designers and public service personnel.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.122-130
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• 2010

The Study takes the rivers in Zhouzhuang - traditional Chinese Kangnam watery landscape as the object. The purpose of this study is to grasp the relationships between visual characteristics and the preference. The following is the research process: Firstly, the theoretical study of Zhouzhuang, the traditional Kangnam region in China, is conducted, the watery landscape is taken pictures, and 22 photos are selected. Secondly, in order to grasp the visual preference and landscape characteristics of the watery landscape in Zhouzhuang, 22 pictures and 25 pairs of adjectives are adopted for the questionnaire survey. Thirdly, in order to have a better understanding on the physical properties and effects of physical quantity on the preference, the occupation ratios of buildings and sculptures, natural elements, footpaths, bank revetments and other landscape elements are calculated, and the mean analysis, dispersion analysis and regression analysis are conducted. In order to grasp the landscape characteristics and preference factors, 25 pairs of adjectives are used to conduct the factor analysis. In order to grasp the effects of characteristics of visual factors on the preference, the dispersion analysis and regression analysis are carried out. The results are as follows: From the results of the landscape preference analysis, in the No.22 photo with the top preference, 11 pairs of adjectives, namely, "harmonious-disharmonious", "beautiful-ugly", "rural-urban", "soft-rough", "stable-instable", "romantic-realistic", "cheerful-gloomy", "brilliant-simple", "natural-artificial", "familiar-strange", and "clean-dirty" have positive effects on watery landscape. It can be viewed as the relatively important factor in the visual preference. In terms of the results of visual physical quantity analysis of traditional Chinese Kangnam watery landscape, the landscape with high occupation ratio of buildings and sculptures has positive effects on visual preference. The results of analysis of visual physical quantity and preference show that the preference degree increases as the occupation ratio of footpath area increases. The analysis results of visual characteristics of traditional Chinese Kangnam watery landscape identify four factors, namely psychological factor, cultural factor, condition factor and physical factor. It can be concluded from the results of analysis of the relationships between visual preference and visual characteristics that the return coefficient B of the psychological factor is +0.936. It can significantly affect the watery landscape, so it can be identified as the most important factor among the visual preference factors of Chinese Kangnam watery landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.106-113
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• 2013

This study aims to establish the identity of traditional Korean gardens and develop a universal way for overseas Koreans and foreigners to have an appropriate understanding of traditional Korean gardens, as part of efforts to distribute and promote the overseas establishment of traditional Korean gardens. The focus of this study is on developing planning and design guidelines to ensure that traditional Korean gardens have individuality when they are established overseas and on establishing directional rules for planners. Although traditional Korean gardens may vary in form according to their purposes and spatial scales, the most important thing is that they should incorporate emotions that are well-matched with Korean landscapes and that their design language should be easily recognizable and understandable to everyone. The basic spatial types of traditional Korean gardens for overseas establishment, which are presented in this study, include the exhibition(fair) type, the garden type and the park type. These basic types serve as prototypes that correspond to the purposes of the gardens. In consideration of the spatial scale, the exhibition(fair) type is set as the minimum unit for composition, and suggested basic facilities include trees, a well, a pond and an island in the pond, flower beds and fences. The results of this study have significance as basic information for planning and designing traditional Korean gardens for overseas establishment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

As urbanization becomes widely spread, environmental benefits of natural landscapes have been highly appreciated. The social demands to conserve such landscapes are becoming stronger in modem society. In order to effectively manage natural landscapes, one should know what natural landscapes are. The characteristics of natural landscapes revealed by foreign research include wilderness, absence of human intrusion, and presence of diverse natural element (plants, trees, waters). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of diverse natural landscapes with different levels of naturalness. The methods adopted here consist of three phases. First, 368 landscapes were photographed to include different levels of naturalness. Second, two professional landscape groups assessed the degree of naturalness of the collected landscapes, in which the characteristics of five degrees of naturalness were examined. Lastly, undergraduate students, as laypersons, assessed the 33 landscapes that were selected as representative of the five degrees of naturalness. The results show that there is no difference between professionals and laypersons on the assessment of naturalness of landscape. The characteristics of natural landscape that participants perceive include no human intrusion, preservation of original state, traditional quality such as Korean-style architecture, dominance of natural elements, and minimum facilities that harmonize with natural surroundings, Many characteristics are similar to the results of foreign research, However, the results reveal that Koreans do not perceive man-made nature as natural, while they perceive traditional elements as natural. Based on the results, some suggestions for landscape management are presented in the conclusion section.