• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 2006

Importance of and need for grid resource management have accelerated in accordance with increasing development of grid computing. However, it is very complex to distribute and utilize resources efficiently in geographically dispersed environments. This is due to the different access policies and constraints of grid resource owners. Users request resources according to their needs. Operators of a grid computing system need to be able to monitor the system states for reflecting these demands. So, a grid computing system needs a resource management policy that monitors states of resources and then allocates resources. This paper proposes a user demand-based grid trade management model that provides an efficient resource management by the trade allocation based on a users' demand and providers' supply strategy. To evaluate performance, this paper measures increasing rate of resource trades, average response time of trades, and processing time utilization. Firstly, the average increasing rates of trade are 585.7% and 322.6% higher than an auction model and a double auction model. Secondly, the average response time of the user demand-based grid trade management model is maintained between 3 and 5 simulation time. Finally, it is found that the processing time utilization is an average of 145.4% and 118.0% higher than an auction model and a double auction model. These empirical results demonstrate the usefulness of the user demand-based grid trade management model.

• Journal of Distribution Research
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.123-140
• /
• 2011

This study analyzed large distributors' trade features with local suppliers and their direct purchase features through the survey and the interview targeting some MDs(Merchandisers) in large retailers responsible for buying fresh foods (agricultural, fishery, livestock and proceeded products). As the result of conducting the survey targeting the large purchase MDs, it was found that when they select local suppliers, they importantly consider the factors of stable products supply, the quality management, the aggressive management attitude, the affordable (cheap) price, and the suggestion of differentiated goods in order. Concerning their direct purchases in local places, their preference toward the direct-purchase traders were higher than that toward vendors and whole markets as their existing major traders. Among the traders for direct purchase, they preferred farm corporations (including agricultural corporations) the most, and followed the National Agricultural Cooperative, and the unit agricultural cooperative in order. Regarding to the trades with suppliers, when they set the trade price, the merchandisers (MDs) of large distributors preferred long-term trades over 2 years, and utilized the factors of market rate(50.9%), production cost(31.2%) and sale price in the same industry(18.0%). For the local distribution organizations to aggressively counteract the changes of distribution environment in the consumption places, it needs some strategies to organize the agricultural production, to expand the production size and to specialize the distribution channels. And the supply system's continuality and stability are required, so it needs to establish the counteract system enabling to supply all year round through the link of production organizations. Additionally, as an effort to intensify the market negotiation ability, it should collect various market information from the consumption places.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.97-114
• /
• 2018

The East Asian region, an important part of Korea's imports and exports, is expected to grow further driven by the geographical, political, economic, social, and cultural complementarity. With the recent increase in imports and exports, the port trade volume between Korea and East Asian countries is also growing. However, due to various factors, such as economic size, growth rate, port infrastructure level, and geographical location of these countries, the volume of traffic with these ports is fluctuating. Despite much research on the volatility of port trade volume and changes in port network, this study tries to supplement the gap in a more detailed study of ports in Korea and East Asia since these kinds of studies are limited. The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of distribution routes of export container cargo among ports in Korea and to present policy and practical implications of Korean trading companies, shipping companies, logistics companies, and port authorities. This study analyzes the variability of the trade volume between Korea's major ports and Daedong. Results show that Shanghai, Ningbo, Ho Chi Minh, and Haiphong were the most important factors in terms of size and volume increase. In terms of ports, the Busan port is the port responsible for trades with Yantai, Weihai, Hakata, Kobe, Ho Chi Minh, and Haiphong; Incheon port deals with Lianyungang, Tianjin, Osaka, Kobe, Ho Chi Minh, Haiphong; Gwangyang port trades with Tianjinxingang, Weihai, Yokohama, Mihn and Tanjong, and Ulsan port is strategically important for the Yantai, Lianyungang, Nagoya, Kobe, Ho Chi Minh and Portkelang ports. Therefore, the Korean government, port authorities, and shipping and logistics companies need to strengthen logistic network cooperation with these ports and actively promote investments in them.

• Women's Studies Review
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.183-206
• /
• 2009

This study attempts to explore a phenomenon of an expansion of emotional capitalism in the context of marriage migration. Emphasizing that 'emotion,' 'love,' 'affection,' 'intimacy,' and 'care' are neither materialistic nor a work, and noting that they are social roles attached to natural femininity and that they are separated from the economic realm, modern myth has been challenged by the increase of marriage industry, emotional/service work, and care industry. This study discusses the ways in which individual desires for love and intimacy and her/his economical needs are combined or negotiated. Specifically, this study 1) reviews existing literature on how 'love' and 'intimacy' has been combined with economy under capitalism in general, 2) discusses the ways in which a marriage has been commercially negotiated within the context of South Korea, 3) analyzes combined aspects of 'love' and 'economy' within cross-border marriages and suggests that cross-border marriages, even though they are highly commercially negotiated, may not be fully explained by 'economy' only as other marriages have both aspects of 'love' and 'economy.' An analysis on 'love' and 'economy,' not only separated from each other but also controversial, is essential for understanding 'intimacy' and transitions of Korean families in post-modern era. However, the evaluation criteria for commercial trades in 'love' and 'intimacy' have not developed yet. Whereas a certain trade is inevitable or essential, others may threaten our lives. Developing the ethical and political evaluation criteria on such commercial trades requires future study.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 2019

Now we are facing with a possibility of having crimes, which have been only possible offline, in cyber spaces as well.Especially, a recent growth in the use of SNS, promoted by popularization of smart phones, also has led an abrupt increase in cyber crime. It would be important to have a understanding of cyber crime and its characteristics by type as well as factors associated with each type of cyber crime in order to devise appropriate preventive measures against cyber crime. However, most of the previous studies on cyber crimesolely made through literature review or indirect approaches. Therefore, this study has been designed to conduct the interview with actual suspects(criminals) of cyber crime to address factors of cyber crime and to devise specific preventive measures and countermeasures against cyber crime. Especially, among various types of cyber crime, this study aims at addressing the 'trades' and 'financial transaction' of crimes committed using the information and communication network and the 'cyber libel/insult'of crimes committed using unlicensed contents, which have been soared recently and become significant issues. The findings of this study could be beneficial for the society since it has managed to conduct the interview and reveal relationships among major factors of cyber crime. The findings of this study could be used for devising and developing proper preventive and countermeasures against cyber crime, in turn reducing and preventing its damage.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.813-817
• /
• 2003

By increasing trades between countries, importance of harbors is becoming serious, including our country. When it comes to Container Crane Operation, the most important matter is how many containers are loaded in a truck or a ship by given time. This can be a crucial matter of harbors in taking care of materials. The present harbors' crane uses a wire-rope conveyance materials are transported in the air and have high free-angle of location. The sway can cause the delay of time, wrong position of Trolley and the damage of materials. In this study, we obtain the optimal PID parameters with GA(Genetic Algorithm) and apply those parameters to the PID Controller. In the result of the experimentation, we can see how effectively the PID controller, applied with the optimal parameters obtained by GA, can control the sway angle.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.137-155
• /
• 2007

Since China joined the WTO, the trade between Korea and China has continued to grow by leaps and bounds, making both nations become mutually important trading partners to each other. The volume of trades with China showed a rapid upward trend with an average annual increase rate of 20% and the resultant dispute is also rising. Thus, this study was aimed to make some suggestions and come up with ways of responding claims by surveying Korean trading firms which have experience in making transactions with China to investigate the current status and the actual condition of their occurrence. As a result of this study, firstly, the main cause of such dispute was shown to be the failure to perform the agreement. Secondly, there were malty verbal agreements and due to a deterioration of trust in Chinese firms, the method of a letter of credit was adopted by many Korean firms. Thirdly, the payment and credit appeared to be most important in transactions with China. A credit inquiry is a must in future transactions with China. Fourthly, the indirect cause of the occurrence of trade claims was the difference in commercial practices and as for the way of settling disputes, the agreement through negotiations between the parties involved was the most. Fifthly, small and medium firms should make more of their credit and English proficiency than large ones do.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.754-769
• /
• 2015

Global sourcing refers to activities performed to acquire materials, finished products and apparel production all around the world. The purposes of the study were to examine basic job requirements and primary skills of sales team and supporting team in global sourcing companies, to investigate educational programs provided by the companies or other educational institutions, and to examine courses to be newly established in the curriculum of clothing and textile majors. The results of the study found that the ability to use English and communication skills were important to perform their tasks (sales and supporting teams). The results revealed that fabric and textile, sewing, and apparel production process were the most frequently taken educational programs provided by global sourcing companies and English classes were the most frequently taken educational programs in the other educational institutions. The results also found that the clothing and textile curriculum need to add classes that help sales and supporting teams perform global sourcing tasks, such as fashion practical English, fabric and textile, apparel production processes, textile and apparel trades, fiber and fabric testing, and presentation skills. The study suggested educational directions for developing curriculum contents of clothing and textiles and cultivating professionals in the global sourcing industries.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.56-60
• /
• 1979

A survey was performed from April 1975 to Oct. 1978, on the high blood pressure of workers employed at industries in Busan area in order to seek for the environmental factors on blood pressure. The number of workers surveyed in the manufacturing industries occupied 72.4 percent of the total. By the age group of all workers, 39.9 percent belonged to the 20-29 year group. For the age distribution and sex of the workers, the highest frequency was found in the 20-29 year group in both sexes and was 36.8% and 46.1% in male and female, respectively. The prevalence rate of hypertension among the workers was 15.9. The industries showing the highest prevalence rate equivalent to wholesale, retail trades, restaurants, and hotels. This survey presented a tendency of increasing prevalence rate as the age increases.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.23
• /
• pp.39-70
• /
• 2004

On the above, character of Incoterms and CISG, applicability of Incoterms to the principles of interpretation of CISG for contracts terms, and to the regulations of delivery and payment of price in connection with applicability of Incoterms to CISG are discussed. Conclusions are as follows : Although both rules is regulations which have to understand in connection with int'l trades of goods but CISG is a comprehensive substantive law in connection with a whole dealing course. On the other hand Incoterms are detailed substantive law of performance for two important sphere, that is to say, delivery and payment in the field of performance of CISG. According to both rules, letter credit is realizing processes of detailed performance for delivery and payment. As professor of Honnold's opinion, the relationship between Incoterms and CISG is peculiar and complementary. Therefore instead of considering the both from a point of pure legal views which both rules raise many problems that still a wait well consolidated and acknowledged answers, we have th consider the both with L/C system that still constitute a main payment system. Particularly ICC and Uncitral know that they are not only directly and indirectly involved in regulating process of the both sets but also can apply Incoterms to CISG on connection with the use of L/C.