• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

Transport is animportant sector of government regulation. Every country has its own transport policy, but European countries are evolving a common transport policy, which has a long history. The establishment of a consistent common policy in the EU's transport sector is still underway. The key motivations of this policy are 1) to establish and implement a common transport policy, 2) to clarify the concept of sustainability in the transport sector, and 3) to integrate transport services into a common infrastructure. One of the policy's objectives is the progressive movement towards sustainable development in the transport section. The EU'stransport policy has recognised that intermodality is a very important competitive tool. The EU's policy thrustin intermodal transport can be catergorised into infrastructure, technology, and standards and rules. However, obstacles to success can be detected. Cases like that of TEN-T and Marco Polo illustrate European intermodal policies in practice. As regards sustainability in the transport sector, intermodality can be an alternative solution to the increasing imbalance between transport modes and congestion arising from increased road use. Sustainability has been emphasised by the EU, which aims to establish intermodality in its future alternative transport systems while fostering sustainable development in the transport sector. Therefore, intermodality can be defined as a general trend in the current transport market, drawing interest from public institutions and transport-related market players. The EU has thus made an effort to facilitate intermodality in its territory, materialised through various policy options. Therefore, looking into the EU's intermodal transport policies is worthwhile, as doing so can provide useful lessons for all concerned parties.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.69-80
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• 2021

Purpose - This study investigated the development process of the Chinese distribution industry and analyzed the current status of China's offline and online distribution industries under the development process of the Chinese distribution industry. In addition, the current status of offline distributors in China and representative companies were analyzed as case studies. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzed the overall environment of the Chinese distribution industry by using literature data. Then, this study conducted a case analysis using RT Mart and Jingdong, major companies in the distribution industry. Result -The main research results of this study show that the Chinese distribution market has already matured, and retailers are fiercely competing to secure sales and operating profits through various methods such as finding new management methods, improving awareness and customer loyalty by expanding the number of stores. Conclusion -Recently, the characteristic of China's distribution industry is that the boundaries of distribution are breaking down. Chinese retailers are taking strategies to expand the scope of services by erasing the boundaries of distribution. In other words, distribution companies are promoting a borderless distribution strategy in which consumers purchase products online and offline without restrictions on time and space. In addition, small stores in residential areas are on the rise compared to large-scale stores in the city center. The existing distribution industry operates various types of distribution stores to prepare for the post-COVID-19 crisis.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2009

Electronic commerce markets have been increasing rapidly, which has resulted in parallel growth in the door-to-door delivery service industry. The door-to-door delivery service industry is projected to be more competitive, due to the large amount of companies that are already established and the fact that several leading multinational logistics companies are rushing into the domestic market. This is a critical period for the companies which are attempting to obtain a competitive advantage. Previous research on door-to-door delivery services has been undertaken, in relation to strategic exploration, political proposals, and user satisfaction. However, there is a lack of practical studies focused on the information systems of door-to-door service companies and its decisive roles have been undertaken. This study aims to investigate, compare, and analyze the information systems of door-to-door delivery service companies. Also, the study proposes developmental direction of how the information systems should be improved. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, first, we examined previous research on door-to-door delivery services and their information systems. Second, we investigated and analyzed the information systems of four leading domestic companies by conducting interviews. Third, we compared and identified factors of the information systems that could be improved. Finally, we proposed its developmental direction. As a result of the study, the information systems of door-to-door delivery service companies required to provide classified services using diverse tools and develop the optimized routing model to reduce logistics costs.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 2023

This study measured the social value of social economy enterprises in Incheon Metropolitan City using the Social Value Index (SVI) developed by the Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency. The results showed that the social value orientation of the business activities of SSEs averaged 9.3 out of 15 points, and their innovation efforts were 8.0 out of 10 points. The average monetary and non-monetary social contribution efforts of SSEs was 5.1 out of 10. When comparing the average sales and social value scores by industry, the manufacturing sector shows that social enterprises have higher average sales and social value orientation of business activities, but lower social return efforts. Social work facility management and business support services have high average sales, but low social value orientation of business activities and efforts to make monetary or non-monetary social contributions. On the other hand, education services; arts, sports, and leisure-related services; and publishing, video, broadcasting, communication, and information services have lower average revenues but higher social value orientation of business activities. These SVI indicators are well utilized by local governments, but not yet by the central government. In the future, governments and public institutions should reflect the differences between sectors when formulating policies for social enterprises.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.69
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• pp.495-522
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• 2016

The Mongolia is one of the highly impressive potential developing countries in Asia according to open the economic market. Since early 1990 as the falling apart from Russian union, Mongolia has tried to developing economic status with plentiful stocked natural resources in their country. The Mongolia has been accepting the modernizing their legal systems including national amended law of arbitration 2003 which was based in the 'UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1985' to harmonize with the international arbitration trends. However, UNCITRAL council announced the adapting members countries excluding Mongolia caused by the inappropriate international standard conditions. As the foreign business partners with Mongolian, it is not easy to agree a site in Mongolia for the place of arbitration on their disputes settlement cause by the weak confidence and precarious interruption under the arbitration processing and enforcement of award on the uncertain law of arbitration on their law of arbitration. Recently, the Mongolian government intends to revise their arbitration law to comply to newly UNCITRAL Model Law in 2006 revision for improving the putting confidence and promoting the choosing arbitration on the place of commercial disputes in Mongolia. It is the point to considering in this article to compare to the problems and alternative ways to the legal and practical arbitration services for reliant and confirming arbitration system in Mongolia for the business parties of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.402-417
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• 2001

This study empahsized the nature of spatial patterns, characteristics and embeddeness of foreign business service firms in Korea utilizing questionnaire survey and interview data. Foreign business services firms are active in forming interfirm networks with clients and supply firms in Korea for widening the market share in Korea. But a low proportion of foreign firms is engaged in academies-industry linkages, government organizations, research institutes, and trade associations. Knowledge transfer and interaction also shows low level of network and the regional development of foreign firms is still in the process of developing, not quite embedded yet. Policy guidances and instituional supports are very essential to strenthen interfirm network and collective learning process of foreing firms in Korea lather than mechanical accumulation of investments. Thus, regional foreign direct investment policy should be targeted towards the incrementation of the potential of foreign firms as a knowledge-intensive industry.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.4
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• pp.139-154
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• 1992

The Chicago-Bermuda system has been charaterizing international aviation order sine 1940's. Bilateralism was established as 'the' way of nogotiation in exchange of traffic rights among nations thanks to the system. The system was stable until new phenomena came into the scene. The orderly development of international aviation began to be threatened by a series of technological and commercial breakthroughs in the late 60's and 70's. Also, in the field of international aviation, aspiration of the newemerging third world countries was hightened and the emergence of an unified Europe was added to it. These caused worries on bilateralism as an efficient means of negotiation. New waves of multilateral(reginal or international) approaches have been conducted. Its formal discussion is accelerated by vigorous talk on multilateral liberalization of international trade in commodities and services, i.e., the Urguay Round. In this paper, we examine historical development of bilateralism and multilateralism in a perspective of political economy; changes in the international aviation industry, merits and demerits of the two regimes on competitiveness of negotiating partners. The ways Korea can respond to new changes are presented and compared and a tentative stance she can take is proposed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.55-65
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• 2020

The objective of this study is to investigate how investors in the Stock Exchange of Thailand practically trade in response to a magnitude of profits and losses, given a discussion of the widely well-known behavioral explanation, so called as the disposition effect. We provide empirical evidence of an existence of the V-shaped disposition effect, which has been recently found in several advanced equity markets. By adopting the methodology suggested by An's (2016) and Fama and Macbeth (1973), we document that stock return patterns in relation to aggregate unrealized gains and losses of investors are consistent with the V-shaped selling schedule, given an increase in unrealized gains and losses over the period of January 1996 to December 2015. The effect of unrealized gains is stronger than that of unrealized losses and this asymmetry underlies the existence of the V-shaped disposition effect in the Thai equity market. Interestingly, the effect of the V-shaped selling schedule is strongest over the short-term holding time horizon. Last but not the least, stocks for which investors have large unrealized gains and losses outperform in the following month and the long-short trading strategy, based on this premise, generates the average 1.7% monthly (equivalent to 20.0% per year) abnormal return.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-5
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• 2019

Purpose - Along with the rapid growth of the economics and IT industry, E-commerce appears as the next potential area of world economics. For this no-entity shops commerce style, logistics is crucial for the success of E-commerce. Research design, data and methodology - In this paper, Dangdang.com, the largest online marketplace in China, is studied and a conceptual model is present, to develop a practical way to develop the logistics system in E-commerce situation. Results - This research finds that following 4 factors are critical success factors for E-commerce logistics: 1) logistics centres are very important to control the inventory management; 2) keep good cooperation with third-party logistics (3PL) can guarantee good quality shipping service and also can reduce delivery costs; 3) build strong information system; 4) quick response system also needed for an efficient logistics system. When E-commerce firms are developing their logistics systems, they should pay more attention to these 4 critical success factors. Conclusions - In summary, successful 3PL management is vital for competing regionally and globally throughout the logistics value chain. We see information system as an enabler in logistics management to get the right products to the right place in the right quantity at the right time and to provide quality services to satisfy the customer's needs.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

The growth of digitalization processes around the world, covering almost all areas of human life, including the Fintech sector. In the field of financial technology, radical changes are taking place with increasing levels of automation, openness and consumer focus. In addition, in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection, quarantine and forced isolation, the role of digital technology is coming to the fore worldwide, including in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to assess the development of Fintech ecosystem of European countries and outline the strategic parameters of domestic Fintech development. The study concluded that the investment raised for the Fintech industry increases annually and the quality and size of transactions gradually increases. Today, Fintech maintains its position as one of the most attractive markets for venture capitalists and the image of an industry with high potential, especially in the era of open banking. The most attractive markets for investors are mature markets, such as the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom, and the preferred niches for investment - the vertical of payments and lending. Trends in investment activity in terms of investing in financial technologies are studied. Moreover, investors prefer businesses that already have a significant scale or considerable potential to achieve it and become sustainable businesses.