• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.227-247
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• 2012

This paper investigates the source of bilateral trade imbalance at industry level. We build a simple model based on gravity theory and derive the prediction that the bilateral trade balance in an industry is increasing in the difference between trading partners in the output share of the industry. We test this prediction and find that the difference in industry share is highly significant in predicting both the sign and the magnitude of trade balance at industry level. We also find that FTAs tend to enlarge trade imbalance at industry level. However, the overall predictive power of the model is rather limited, suggesting that factors other than production specialization are important in determining trade balance at industry level. Another finding of the paper is that the influence of the difference in industry share on trade balance increases as we move to industries that produce more homogeneous products. This finding calls into question monopolistic competition as the main driver of gravity in international trade.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2015

This paper applied a VAR model to analyze the effects of RMB exchange rate brought to processing trade, non-processing trade and FDI. Then we can get the results that the appreciation of RMB could not solve the problem of US trade deficit. It is more likely that the appreciation just can transfer the trade imbalance to other country with US, which could not radically solve the economic problems of US. Also this paper find that the data of service trade is surplus while the main goods deficit was occur in advanced technology product, especially in the information & communications trade And US has real advantage in these industries, so the situation will be changed if US decreased the barrier in these industries. In that way, the imbalance situation should be greatly reduced.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 Asia Navigation Conference
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• pp.87-95
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• 2004

Economic development is remarkable in Asia and progress of industrialization of NIES, ASEAN, and China in East Asia has increased the international physical distribution in this area. However, an imbalance of trade becomes severe in these areas. The imbalance is especially big in the Asia-North America route and the Japan-China route. The imbalance in the Asia -North America liner route is 5.04 million TEUS in 2002.The transportation ratio of loaded containers between China and Japan route is approximately 3:1 in 2000. In other words, it means that the transportation of loaded containers from China to Japan is 3, the transportation of loaded containers from Japan to China is I. The imbalance at a port is generally obtained by subtracting export loaded container cargo volume from import container cargo volume. However, the imbalance and the empty containers at the port are not always same. Then, in order to evaluate rationalization and efficiency of maritime container transportation, we introduce the amount of empty containers at a port as an evaluation index. However, the past data of the amount of handling empty containers have a lot of lacking portions. Then, it is necessary to estimate the past amount of empty containers in order to grasp the amount of empty containers historically. So, we construct the model that estimates the amount of empty containers using the imbalance of main port statistics in Japan.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

China and Korea are good neighbors and partners. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992, the two countries have made promising achievements in political, economic, and humanistic exchanges for over three decades. In particular, bilateral economic and trade relations have yielded fruitful results, attracting worldwide attention. There are also unavoidable issues in the rapid development of bilateral trade and economic cooperation. And it is of great significance to look back on the past and look forward to the future on the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and the Korea. With the upgrading of China's industrial structure and technological level, the bilateral trade relationship has gradually shifted from a complementary one to a competitive one. It is essential that both countries keep in mind the mutually beneficial nature of their relationship and make due contribution to the development of the Northeast Asian region and the world economy.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제17권31호
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• pp.141-154
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• 1994

This thesis looks out for the korean trade present condition of the korean machinery industry through time series data, analyze the problem about machinery industry by deepening the trade imbalance between JAPANESE and KOEA (The trabe balance of payment about machinery between JAPANESE and KOREA, US＄7,750,000,000 in 1992, us＄8,450,000 in 1993,US＄9,500,000,000 in 1994 forecast), have shown a reform measure of the balance of payment with indicate the importance of rearing the machinery industry.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.173-201
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• 2009

As a result of overemphasizing the goods sector in trade structure, Korea does not meet properly the global trend which has the key role of 'trade in services' as the service economy have been expanded. Hereafter, it is easily forecasted that trade in services will be one of the main factors for Korea's competitiveness and engine of growth. Nevertheless, because Korea does not equip the concreteness of governance for trade in services, it is possible that the efficiency deterioration of trade volume, confusion of Korea's trade policy, conflict among trading countries, and discordance between the interested parties may be occurred. This paper analyzes the governance system of Korea for trade in services in order to enhance the competitiveness reflecting the importance of trade in services and to draw some strategies for remodeling the service governance system. It is expected to raise the efficiency of Korea's trade policy by constructing the systematic governance for trade in services, and to remove lots of latent risks during global transactions by improving the imbalance between manufacturing and service part for the development of trade in services in Korea. Analysis revealed itself the result that Korea is weak enough to can not identify the governance system about trade in services. Except 'Extent of Services' article of the Foreign Trade Act, Korea has not prepared the governance system for trade in services so that governance system have been scattered overly or decentralized. Problems about trade in services are not limited to enterprise's side, but extended to all the players including government agency whole, academic world and research institute. Therefore, the governance of trade in services should be strengthened and systematized by making the model law for trade in services(provisional name : Master Law for Trade in Services or Promotion Law for Trade in Services) by formatting type of fundamental law or separate legislation. If the bill legislation does not meet the conditions, the Foreign Trade Act should be totally reformed to Omnibus Trade Act concept including trade in services.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2013

한국과 미국 간의 방산수출입은 그 규모면에서 무역역조 현상을 보이고 있다. 이러한 방산 교역의 현상을 계량적으로 분석 하고, 무역역조의 원인이라고 할 수 있는 제도적 장벽에 대하여 분석을 하였다. 우선 대미 방산수입액의 규모는 2011년도 기준 대미 방산수출액의 수십 배라는 것을 규명하였다. 심각한 방산분야 역조현상은 미국의 국방획득 제도에서 그 원인을 찾을 수 있다. 한미 FTA에 군수물자는 적용대상에서 제외되었다는 점, 미국이 정부조달 시에 미국산 구매 우선법을 적용하고 있다는 점, 그리고 미 국방성이 국방조달에만 적용하고 있는 미국산 100%의 조달을 규정한 베리 개정법 등이다. 미국산 우선 구매법과 베리 개정법은 미국 국방조달규정에서 구체화되어 시행되고 있어서 대미 방산 수출의 장애물로 작용하고 있다. 이를 극복할 수 있는 방향은 한미 간에 상호 방산양해각서를 맺는 것이다. 상호간에 각 국의 방산시장을 개방하게 되면 국내 방산업체의 체질도 선진화하고 대미 방산 수출도 늘릴 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 또한 미국으로부터 방산수입 시에 절충교역을 효과적으로 활용하는 것도 하나의 방안으로 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.58-74
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• 2021

Purpose - This paper research on the embodied carbon emission in Sino-Korea trade. It calculates and analyzes the carbon emission coefficient and specific carbon emissions in Sino-Korea trade from 2005 to 2014. Design/methodology - This paper conducted an empirical analysis for embodied carbon emission in Sino-Korea trade during the years 2005-2014, using a multi-region input-output model. First, direct and complete CO2 emission coefficient of the two countries were calculated and compared. On this basis, combined with the world input-output table, the annual import and export volume and sector volume of embodied carbon emission are determined. Then through the comparative analysis of the empirical results, the reasons for the carbon imbalance in Sino-Korea trade are clarified, and the corresponding suggestions are put forward according to the environmental protection policies being implemented by the two countries. Findings - The results show that South Korea is in the state of net trade export and net embodied carbon import. The carbon emission coefficient of most sectors in South Korea is lower than that of China. However, the reduction of carbon emission coefficient in China is significantly faster than that in South Korea in this decade. The change of Korea's complete CO2 emission coefficient shows that policy factors have a great impact on environmental protection. The proportion of intra industry trade between China and South Korea is relatively large and concentrated in mechanical and electrical products, chemical products, etc. These sectors generally have large carbon emissions, which need to be noticed by both countries. Originality/value - To the best knowledge of the authors, this study is the first attempt to research the embodied carbon emission of ten consecutive years in Sino-Korea Trade. In addition, In this paper, some mathematical methods are used to overcome the error problem caused by different statistical caliber in different databases. Finally, the accurate measurement of carbon level in bilateral trade will provide some reference for trade development and environmental protection.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1104-1111
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 직접 변환 방식의 수신기에서 발생하는 I 채널 및 Q 채널 간의 이득 및 위상 불일치를 보상하는 방법에 대해서 기술한다. 직접 변환 방식의 복조기에서의 이득 및 위상 불일치를 가변 스텝(Variable Step-size) 적응적 루프를 이용하여 블라인드(blind) 등화 방식으로 보상하는 알고리즘을 된 논문에서 제안한다. 이득 및 위상 불일치를 보상하기 위해 일반적인 블라인더 등화 기법을 이용할 경우 루프 이득에 따라 수렴속도와 지터(jitter) 영향이 trade-off 관계에 있다. 본 논문에서는 이들 문제를 극복하기 위하여 적응적 루프의 이득을 오차에 따라 가변 하는 방법을 제시한다. 본 논문에서는 가변 스텝 적응적 루프를 이용하여 빠른 수렴속도와 지터의 영향을 줄이도록 하는 방법을 제시하였고, 모의실험을 통하여 신호 손실 보상과 수렴 속도의 향상을 확인한다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.79-101
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the international competitiveness of digital service trade between Korea and China and to help enhance the competitive advantage of digital service trade between the two countries. Design/methodology - This paper designs and establishes a comprehensive evaluation system for the international competitiveness of the Korea-China digital service trade. By using the analytical methods of combining theory and demonstration through qualitative and quantitative analysis, this paper makes a concrete and complete theoretical deconstruction and empirical measurement of its international competitiveness from the two levels of overall competitiveness and departmental competitiveness. At the same time, the study also analyzes the competitive advantages and comparative disadvantages of the two countries. Findings - It is found that South Korea has a strong competitive advantage in the sector competitiveness of digital service trade, and the export structure is reasonable and balanced, but the deficit pattern affects the overall competitiveness. China has a strong competitive advantage in the overall competitiveness of the digital service trade. However, the structural imbalance in the export sector weakens the competitiveness of the sector. Both Korea and China have the space advantage and competitive potential to enhance international competitiveness in terms of development trends. Originality/value - This paper takes the lead in solving the pain point of the relative lack of similar research topics. It demonstrates the evolution process, development trends, and structural characteristics of the digital service trade. A new combination of competitive power research methods is innovated, and a comprehensive evaluation system is established. The above innovation points show the academic theoretical value and practical application value of this study.