• 무역학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.139-158
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• 2016

본 연구는 우리나라와 중국은 FTA에서 동일하게 협정을 체결한 국가는 칠레와 ASEAN이 동일한 국가로 나타나고 있어 한·칠레, 한·ASEAN과 중국·칠레, 중국·ASEAN에 대한 비교연구를 진행하고자 하였으며, 원산지 관련 규정에 대한 비교와 분석을 통해 추후의 체결하는 FTA 원산지 협상에 필요한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제74권
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• pp.125-150
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• 2017

Environment protection is one of the important political goals along with trade liberalization. Some of the institutions associated with it, however, either hinder trade or exert distorted influence and can arouse trade conflicts eventually. Therefore, harmony between environment protection and trade policy is becoming a crucial issue nowadays. Among the policies for environment, those related to climatic change are regarded as major tasks to deal with in the world commonly. Saying that it is for environment protection, advanced countries impose fines for environment protection on developing countries through border tax adjustments about the items imported from them. However, there is no such agreement about it internationally, so disputes often arise regarding what extent is appropriate as countries cope with it differently in their own way. Disputes about measures for climatic change are highly influential economically, and due to the severe conflicts of interests between states, they often tend to become politicized. Accordingly, we can say that such disputes affect international trade based on the WTO system seriously. When it comes to negotiation for climatic change, we should establish international systems urgently which can work fairly and effectively for all the countries joining in it. Therefore, it is important to examine the treatment of trade restriction measures intended to solve climatic change in international negotiations and establish definite conditions about which measures are allowed and which are not. In conclusion, we should devise rules for environment protection internationally which all the countries in the world can accept and agree on and also make the definite criteria of interpretation as well. Also, through those trade regulations, we should be able to accomplish environment protection globally and at the same time produce synergy, that is, economic growth through trading.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2023

Purpose - The bank payment obligation is a transaction method that combines the certainty of L/C transactions with the speed of remittance payments, so the main purpose of this study is to highlight the superiority of bank payment obligation, noting the difference between bank payment obligation and L/C transactions. In addition, we would like to examine how bank payment obligations can actually be applied to support various valuable proposals such as post-shipment and post-shipment finance according to the payment process.. Design/methodology - This study focused on literature based on data from ICC and SWIFT along with previous domestic and international studies. In terms of a research method, a literature review was adopted with electronic trade-related books and journals and policy-related reports from international trade-related agencies. Findings - Unlike L/C transaction, BPO transaction verify the data inquiry process based only on the combination result of the established baseline and dataset. Accordingly, it is superior to L/C transaction in that there is no confrontation between the parties over the results of the inquiry, and clear transactions are possible according to the principle of proof after prepayment. In addition, unlike credit transactions, data inconsistency acceptance procedures confirm payment obligations in consideration of importers' intentions. As a result, as long as trade documents are in the hands of exporting countries, flexible document disposition is possible in response to the situation after payment, which is more advantageous than L/C transaction. Originality/value - Specifically, from the importer's point of view, BPO transactions have the advantage of reducing the manpower required to prepare and review trade documents and processing transaction negotiations with exporters advantageously due to the strength of payment obligations. From the perspective of the exporter, it has the advantage of enabling rapid recovery of trade payments and reducing the risk of importer's cancellation of transactions or content change. From the perspective of participating banks, it is possible to strengthen relations with importer and obtain high commission income by increasing the role of bank reduced by reducing L/C transaction.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2022

This study is to analyze the economic effects of tariff reduction using computable general equilibrium(CGE) model. We set up the social accounting matrix for five-base equilibrium year. Our main findings are as follows. First, the impact of tariff reduction on GDP was different from time to time. It meas that the differentiated economics structure was affected by tariff reduction. As our economic grew up, the impact of tariff reduction was measured much higher. Second, until 1995 the impact of tariff reduction on total export and import was increased, then while 1995 the increase was dropped. This is because we reduced the tariff by the WTO negotiations. Third, the tariff reduction affected the price of imported goods, so it contributed to substitute effects between domestic and imported goods. According to these results, we found out the importance of the linkage between the tariff reduction and economic structure.

• 무역학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.185-215
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• 2017

미국의 탈퇴 이후 불확실성이 많지만, TPP는 정부조달 시장개방에 소극적이었던 베트남, 말레이시아, 브루나이, 멕시코 등의 주요 중진국들의 정부조달 시장을 개방하는 데에 성공하였다. 본 글에서는 현재 가장 큰 규모의 세계 정부조달 시장개방 협정인 WTO GPA와 TPP의 조건들과 규정을 비교하면서 어떻게 TPP가 이 국가들의 시장을 개방하였는지에 대한 함의를 얻고자 한다. 시장개방범위 및 하한선 차원에서 TPP 정부조달 분야의 가장 큰 특징은 정부조달 시장개방에 소극적인 중진국들에게 20년까지의 전환기간을 부여하고, 하한선을 단계적으로 내리게 했다는 점이다. 또한, TPP는 GPA에 비해서 개도국 정부기관들의 행정적 부담 및 비용을 낮추어 주고자 하고 있다. 정부는 새로운 정부조달 시장개방 협상에서 정부조달 시장의 개방을 위해 위의 협상 전략을 고려할 필요가 있다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.85-107
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• 2010

A comprehensive electronic trade portal such as the electronic bills of lading, e-negotiations and so on, is developed by the Korea Ministry of Knowledge Economy and International Trade Association and serviced by KTNET. The portal, so called u-TradeHub, formally started to provide its services on 22nd May, 2009. If the shipper issues electronic bills of lading, the negotiating bank examines it through the established e-Nego system. However, the issuing bank overseas cannot examine the electronic bills of lading, because any interactive system does not exist. So, after the e-Nego, the electronic bills of lading gets automatically transformed into the paper-type electronic bills of lading and issuing bank examine paper B/L. In process of examining documents, the beneficiary using electronic means in letter of credit transactions may face some risks such as the corruption to the electronic bill of lading after its issuance by the carrier, the corruption after e-Nego and the corruption after the presentation to the issuing bank. In this paper, we studied the problems on corruptions to occur in the middle of the examination process of the electronic bills of lading and suggestions how to solve them are discussed.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2017

Purpose - The paper aims to propose an optimization model for supporting the buyer-seller negotiations. We consider the price, quality, and delivery as evaluation criteria, also recognized as objectives for negotiation. Research design, data, and methodology - The methodology used in this paper involves the input-oriented DEA with the inverse optimization. Under the existence of several potential suppliers, the price would be considered to be the decision variable to conclude the negotiation so as to meet the desired level of the quality and delivery. The data set for six suppliers with three criteria is examined by the proposed approach. Results - We present the decision aid model by displaying the price spectrum as the changes of desired output levels. It overcomes the shortcomings from previous researches mainly based on the discrete types of scenario generations. This approach shows that the obtained results help the buyer understand the trade-offs between price and performance when he/she considers the negotiation. Conclusions - The paper contributes to the numerical models for buyer-supplier negotiation in that the model for the supplier evaluation and selection is closely linked with the model for negotiation. In addition, it eliminates the unrealistic negotiation strategy, and provides the negotiation strategies that the buyer would not shift the burden on suppliers by maintaining the current efficiency.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.217-240
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• 2013

한 미간 투자환경은 이전의 다자적 투자규범이나 BIT 협상단계 당시보다도 FTA 체결이후 더욱 개방적이고 투자보호 수준 또한 높아졌다. 이러한 성공요인은 무역자유화를 통한 시장 확대를 수반한 투자자유화 및 투자보호 강화와 이로 인한 투자유치 효과의 증대이다. FTA발효로 인한 무역전환효과로 인해 양자 간 투자는 급격히 증가 하였고, 이는 미국과 같은 거대 경제권과의 FTA발효를 통해 우리나라의 FTA네트워크가 확산되는 등 맞춤형 투자유치활동이 확대됨으로써 이루어진 성과이다. 향후 우리나라는 한 미FTA를 통해서 확보한 경쟁국 대비 선점효과를 극대화 할 필요가 있을 것이다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.195-211
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• 2006

무역과 관세에 관한 일반협정의 우루과이 라운드 교섭 하에 통과된 '무역관련 지적재산권에 관한 협정'은 지적재산권을 국제통상 분야에 도입시켰을 뿐만 아니라 지적재산권의 대상을 생물다양성에까지 확장시켰다는 중요성을 가진다. 본 연구는 지리학적 관점 (장소와 스케일의 중요성)이 생물다양성과 지적재산권에 관련된 다양한 이슈들을 분석하는데 있어 얼마나 중요성을 가지며, 환경윤리학, 환경경제학, 정치경제학과 같은 다른 학문분야의 접근방법을 통합하고 보완하는지 고찰하였다. 자연, 인문현상의 지역적 차이와 다양한 스케일을 중요시하는 지리학적 관점은 개별적 이슈들로 인식되고 다루어져 왔던 생물다양성, 지적재산권, 이의 국제 통상기구에의 도입이 어떻게 임의적으로 관련지어줬는지 밝혀내는데 공헌한다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.95-126
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• 2011

본 본 연구에서는 다(多)지역 다(多)산업 연산일반균형(CGE)모형을 이용하여 WTO의 비농산물 시장접근(NAMA) 협상이 우리나라를 비롯한 세계 주요 자동차 생산 국가와 이들 국가의 자동차 산업에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 비농산물의 관세인하는 2008년 12월 NAMA협상 의장이 발표한 내용을 근거로 스위스공식에서 계수(a)의 값이 다음과 같이 3가지 시나리오에 따라 이루어지는 것으로 가정하였다. 즉, 모든 선진국의 계수가 8이라고 가정하고 개발도상국의 계수는 20이라는 가정 하에 스위스공식에 따라 관세를 인하하는 경우(시나리오 1), 모든 선진국의 계수가 8이라고 가정하고 개발도상국의 계수는 22라는 가정 하에 스위스공식에 따라 관세를 인하하는 경우(시나리오 2), 모든 선진국의 계수가 8이라고 가정하고 개발도상국의 계수는 25라는 가정 하에 스위스공식에 따라 관세를 인하하는 경우(시나리오 3)이다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 본 논문의 분석대상이 되는 21개국/지역의 거시경제적 영향과 미시경제적 영향을 보여준다. 특히 한국은 비농산물 시장접근의 무역자유화에 의해 매우 긍정적인 영향을 받는 국가가 될 것이며, 한국의 자동차산업은 생산, 내수 및 수출이 크게 증가하고 무역수지가 개선될 것으로 전망된다. 따라서 우리나라는 WTO의 비농산물 시장접근 협상, 특히 자동차산업 측면에서는 보다 적극적으로 추진해나가야 할 것으로 판단된다.