• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.611-620
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• 2007

Statement of problem: Second-generation indirect composite resins have been improved flexural strength, compressive strength, hydrolytic degradation resistance, wear resistance compared to first-generation indirect composite resins, but there are still some problems as hydrolysis and low wear resistance. Some manufacturers claim that wear resistance of their materials has been improved, but little independent study has been published on wear properties of these materials and the properties specified in the advertising materials are largely derived from in-house or contracted testing. Purpose: This study was to evaluate the wear of indirect composite resins (SR Adore, Sinfony, Tescera ATL) and gold alloy against the human enamel. Material and method: Extracted human incisors and premolars were sectioned to $2{\times}2{\times}2mm$ cube and embedded in the clear resin and formed conical shaped antagonist to fit the jig of pin-on-disk tribometer. Total 20 antagonists were stored in distilled water. Five disk samples, 24mm in diameter and 1.5mm thick, were made for each of three groups of indirect composite resins and gold alloy group, and polished to #2,000 SiC paper on auto-polishing machine. Disk specimens were tested for wear against enamel antagonists. Wear test were conducted in distilled water using a pin-on-disk tribometer under condition (sliding speed 200rpm contact load 24N, sliding distance 160m). The wear of the enamel was determined by weighing the enamel antagonist before and after test, and the weight was converted to volumes by average density. The wear tracks were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and surface profilometer to elucidate the wear mechanisms. Statistical analysis of the enamel wear volume, wear track depth and wear tract width of disk specimens were accomplished with one-way ANOVA and the means were compared for significant differences with Scheffe's test. Results: 1. The enamel wear was most in gold alloy, but there were no statistically significant differences among all the groups (P>.05). 2. In indirect composite resin groups, the group to make the most shallow depth of wear tract was Sinfony, followed by Tescera ATL, SR Adoro (P<.05). Gold alloy was shallower than Sinfony, but there was no statistically significant difference between Sinfony and gold alloy (P>.05). 3. The width of wear tract of SR Adore was larger than the other groups (P<.05), and there were no statistically significant differences among the other groups (P>.05). 4. SEM analysis revealed that Sinfony and gold alloy showed less wear scars after test, Tescera ATL showed more wear scars and SR Adore showed the most. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, Sinfony and gold alloy showed the least wear rates and showed similar wear patterns.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2004

사공과 백(2003)에 의하면 암반에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 단위주면마찰력은 암반의 상태, 종류, 일축압축강도, 구속압 등으로부터 영향을 받는 것으로 알려졌다. 또한 그들이 제안한 Hoek-Brown 공식을 변형한 암반근입부의 단위주면 마찰력 산정공식은 적절한 단위주면마찰력 값을 산정하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 암반에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 단위주면마찰력 산정에 있어 말뚝의 크기효과를 고려하는 방법을 제안하였으며, 말뚝의 크기효과로 인한 단위주면마찰력의 영향을 조사하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 기존의 Hoek-Brown 공식을 변형한 식에 경험적인 암석의 일축압축강도에 대한 크기효과를 나타내는 식을 대입하여 결정되었다. 또한, 기존 논문에 보고된 말뚝재하실험 결과 중 12개의 실측치와 말뚝의 크기효과를 고려한 식을 통하여 계산된 단위주면마찰력의 예측치를 비교하였다. 비록 충분치 않은 지반조건이 기술되어 있는 상황이지만, 본 연구에서 제안하는 크기효과를 고려한 단위주면마찰력의 산정공식은 실측치와 근사한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 지반의 지질강도정수(GSI), 구속압, 일축압축강도, 말뚝의 직경에 대한 매개변수실험 결과 일축압축강도가 주면마찰력에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 말뚝의 크기는 상대적으로 그에 비해 적은 것으로 나타났으나 말뚝의 크기효과는 암반의 상태가 양호할수록 더욱 큰 것으로 관측되었다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2013

최근의 철도차량은 안전성 향상 및 승객에의 멀티미디어 서비스 제공을 위해 광대역 열차통신네트워크를 설치하고 있다. 플라스틱 광섬유(POF)는 일반 광섬유에 비해 직경이 크고 내구성 및 유지보수성이 우수하기 때문에, 진동 및 온도변화가 큰 환경에서 운행하는 철도차량에 적합하다. 이에 따라, 철도차량내 모든 장치를 POF를 이용하여 All-IP 방식으로 접속하는 1Gbps급 열차통신네트워크를 구현하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 한국철도규격에 의거한 특성 시험을 통하여 POF가 철도차량의 진동 및 온도변화 환경에 적합하다는 것을 확인하였으며, POF 인터페이스를 갖는 전용의 Layer-2 스위치를 개발하였다. 개발된 Layer-2 스위치와 POF를 이용하여 시운전중인 도시철도차량에 1Gbps급 열차통신네트워크를 구성하고 데이터 전송률과 손실률을 측정하여 성능을 검증하였다. POF는 경제성도 우수하며, 향후 철도차량용 통신네트워크는 POF 기반으로 광대역화될 것으로 기대된다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2024

Purpose: Quantitative analysis through count measurement in nuclear medicine planar images is limited by analysis techniques that are useful for obtaining various clinical information or by organ overlap or artifacts in actual clinical practice. On the other hand, the use of SPECT tomography images is quantitative analysis using volume rather than planar, which is not only free from problems such as projection overlap, but also has excellent quantitative accuracy. In the use of developing SPECT quantitative analysis technology, this study aims to compare the accuracy of quantitative analysis between ROI of the conventional planar images and VOI of the SPECT tomographic images in evaluating the count change happened by the volume change of the source. Materials and Methods: A ^99mTcO₄^- source(200.17 MBq) was filled with sterilized water in the syringe to create a phantom with an inner diameter volume of 60 cc, and a planar image and a SPECT image were obtained by reducing the volume by 15 cc (25%) respectively. ROI and VOI(threshold: 1~45%, 5% interval) were set for each image obtained to estimate true count and measure the total count, and compared with the preseted volumetric change rate(%). Results: When volume changes of 25%, 50%, and 75% occurred in the initial volume of 60 cc(100%) of the phantom, the average count changes of the measured planar image were 26.8%, 53.2%, 77.5%, and the average count changes of the SPECT image were 24.4%, 50.9%, and 76.8%. In this case, the VOI size(cm³) set showed an average change rate of 25.4%, 51.1%, and 76.6%. The highest threshold value for the accuracy of radioactive concentration by VOI size (average error -1.03%) was 35%, and the VOI size of the same threshold had an error of -17.1% on average compared to the actual volume. Conclusion: On average, the count-based volumetric change rate in nuclear medicine images was able to track changes more accurately using VOI than ROI, but there was no significant difference with relatively similar value. However, the accuracy of radioactive concentration according to individual VOI sizes did not match, but it is considered that a relatively accurate quantitative analysis can be expected when the size of VOI is set smaller than the actual volume.