• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.446-452
• /
• 2012

The effect of heavy metals on seedling growth and pigment levels was studied in Arabidopsis using essential (Cu, Mn, and Zn) and non-essential metals (Pb and Hg). Generally increasing the concentrations of the metals resulted in a gradual decrease in root and shoot lengths, a decrease in chlorophylls, an increase in anthocyanins and a fluctuation in carotenoid content depending on the metal types. The toxicity of the metals decreased in the following order: Cu > Hg > Pb > Zn > Mn. Among the five metals, Cu was exceptionally toxic and the most potent inducer of anthocyanins. Pb induced the smallest quantity of anthocyanins but it was the strongest inducer of carotenoids. It suggests that the Cu-stressed Arabidopsis may use anthocyanins as its main antioxidants while the Pb-stressed Arabidopsis use carotenoids as its main protectants. All of the five metals induced an accumulation of anthocyanins. The consistent increase in anthocyanin content in the metal-stressed Arabidpsis indicates that anthocyanins play a major role in the protection against metal stresses.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.1171-1175
• /
• 2006

Deposited road particles (DRPs) were analysed for heavy metal concentrations at four different roads in a city, Korea. The samples were collected using a roadway surface vacuum cleaning vehicle which was commonly used in collecting roadway surface particles. Six particle size ranges were analyzed separately for twelve heavy metal elements (Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Al, As, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Hg). At all sampling sites, the high concentration of the heavy metals occurred in the <74um particle size range, which conventional roadway cleaning vehicles do not remove efficiently. The Pb concentration significantly increased with decreasing particle size of DRPs, and other toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Ni) also showed similar results. The heavy metal concentrations in the smaller size fraction of DRPs is important because they are contaminants that are preferentially transported by road runoff during rainfall.

• Ocean Science Journal
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2005

Benthic amphipod, Grandidierella japonica widely inhabits the Korean coastal waters and is developed as a standard test species for sediment toxicity tests. We exposed G. japonica to various pollutants including 4 kinds of inorganic metals (Ag, Cd, Cu and Hg), tributyltin [TBT], ammonia and 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds (acenaphthene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) to estimate the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the median lethal concentration (LC50) of each pollutant during the 96-hour acute exposure. Among all tested pollutants, TBT was most toxic to G. japonica, and Rg was most toxic among inorganic metals. The toxicity of pyrene to G. japonica was greatest among PAH compounds, followed by fluoranthene, phenanathrene, acenaphthene, fluorene and naphthalene. The toxicity of PAH compounds was closely related to their physico-chemical characteristics such as $K_ow$ and water solubility. G. japonica responded adequately to pollutant concentrations and exposure durations, and the sensitivity of G. japonica to various inorganic and organic pollutants was generally comparable to other amphipods used as standard test species in ecotoxicological studies, indicating this species can be applied in the assessment of environments polluted by various harmful substances.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 1979

유해(有害) 중금속(重金屬)이 수도의 발아 및 묘대기(苗垈期)의 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 중금속(重金屬) 원소별(元素別)로 농도(濃度)를 달리한 일정(一定)한 용액(溶液)을 계속(繼續) 공급(供給)하여 발아 및 묘(苗)의 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 발아에 과잉(過剩)의 해(害)를 유발하는 중금속(重金屬)의 처리농도는 Cd; 0.05ppm 이하(以下), Cu; 0.05ppm 이하(以下), Ni; 0.5ppm 이하(以下), Co; 0.5~1.0 ppm, Cr; 0.5ppm~1.0ppm, Mn: 1.0ppm 이하(以下), Zn; 0.5~5.0ppm Pb; 0.5~5.0ppm으로 발아에 미치는 영향(影響)은 Cd>Cu>Ni>Co>Cr>Mn>Zn$$\geq_-$$Pb의 순(順)이었다. 2) 건물중(乾物重)의 감소(減少)를 유발하는 중금속(重金屬)의 처리 농도(濃度)는 Cd;0.05ppm 이하(以下), Ni, Cr, Co; 0.5ppm 이하(以下), Cu; 0.5~5ppm, Zn; 0.5~5ppm, Pb; 5~20ppm, Mn; 10~25ppm, 으로 건물중(乾物重)에 미치는 영향(影響)의 정도는 Ni>Cd>Cr>Co>Cu$$\geq_-$$Zn>Pb>Mn의 순(順)이었다. 3) 건물중(乾物重)의 감소(減少)를 유발하는 건물중(乾物中)의 중금속(重金屬)의 농도(濃度)는 Cd; 0.05~15.5ppm, Ni; 1.50~25.0ppm, Pb: 24.0~28.0ppm, Cu; 26.5~62.5ppm Zn; 470~645ppm, Mn; 231~500ppm, Co; 15.0ppm 이하(以下)였다. 4) 0.5ppm의 처리농도에서 각종(各種) 유해(有害) 중금속(重金屬)의 흡수(吸收) 축적(蓄積)은 Cr이 trace Co; 15ppm, Cd; 17.5ppm, Pb; 24.0ppm, Ni; 25. ppm, Cu; 84.5ppm, Zn; 470.0ppm으로 수도에 의(依)한 흡수정도(吸收程度)는 Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>Co>Cr> 의 순(順)이었다. 5) 근활력(根活力)에 대해 과잉(過剩)의 해(害)를 유발하는 중금속(重金屬)의 농도(濃度)는 Ca;0.05ppm 이하(以下), Cu; 0.05~0.5ppm, Cr; 0.5ppm 이하(以下), Ni; 0.5~1.0ppm, Co; 0.5~1.0ppm, Zn; 0.5ppm 이상(以上), Pb; 0.5~5.0ppm, Mn; 1~10ppm으로 근활력(根活力)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 정도(程度)는 Cd>Cu>Cr>Zn>Ni>Co>Pb>Mn의 순(順)이었다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2005

도곡광산 주변지역 중금속 원소들의 오염 특성을 알아보고, 이들 원소들의 생체흡수도를 평가하기 위해서 본 연구를 수행하였다. 연구 대상 지역의 주오염원은 광미 및 폐석더미 그리고 갱내수 등으로 추정된다. 광미 내에는 As이 $140{\cal}mg/{\cal}kg$, Cd이 $107{\cal}mg/{\cal}kg$, Cu가 $3017{\cal}mg/{\cal}kg$, Pb가 $12926{\cal}mg/{\cal}kg$, Zn는 $9094{\cal}mg/{\cal}kg$(우기 전 시료)로 높은 함량을 나타내고 있다. 밭토양 내의 중금속 원소들 함량은 자연토양 내의 평균함량(Bowen, 1979)보다 높게 나타났으나, 광미적치장의 광미에 비해서 낮은 함량을 나타낸다. 수계내 중금속 함량은 독성 원소들의 주오염원으로 생각되는 본 갱의 광미적치장 주변 하천수 시료에서 가장 높은 수준을 나타내었고, 하류로 가면서 희석 효과에 의해서 그 함량이 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타내고 있다. 광미와 토양을 대상으로 연속추출분석을 한 결과, 비잔류상 형태의 존재비율이 높게 나타났는데 이는 계속적인 풍화와 산화에 의한 오염을 지시한다. 그리고 Cd과 Zn는 대상 지역 대부분에서 높은 이동도를 나타내고 있다. 밭토양을 대상으로 SBET분석에 의한 중금속 원소들의 생체흡수도 평가 결과, $Cd(55.3\%),\;Cu(46.5\%),\;Zn(41.0\%),\;As(37.0\%)$로 나타났다. 밭토양(S3) 시료는 중금속 원소들의 총 함량과 생체흡수도 모두 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.261-271
• /
• 1999

Mining activity in the Gubong gold mine started in 1908 and lasted up to recent days. Heavy metals derived from the activity may be porentially toxic to human life and envirinment of this area. Because metal toxicity depends on chemical associations into five operationally defined groups: exchangeable, carbonate, reducible, oxidizable, and residual fractions, and the Most of heavy metals have significant little significance (alomost<1%). And Cu is mainly associated with the oxidizable from. Total concentration of heavy metals, pH, and mineralogy affect the chemical forms of the metals. Heavy metal concentrations. Significant amounts of metal elements (5∼65.1% in Pb, 6.2∼39.7% in Zn, 8.7∼54.7% in Cd, and 3.6∼24.7% in Cu) were present in carbonate form from mine wastes, contaminated soils and sediments. High pH value and cerussite (Pb bearing carbonate mineral) in mine wastes, contaminated soils and sediments. High pH value and cerussite (Pb beraring varbonate mineral) in mine waste support this result. Areas with high corbonate bound from would have higher potentoal conamination, however, because elements of carbonate bound forms are easily mobilized under lower pH conditions in the surface envionments due to acid to rain soil acidification.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.574-583
• /
• 2008

The results of HAPs emission data using TRI (Toxic Release Inventory), SODAM (Source Data Management system) were investigated and the emissions of 7 heavy metals from their sources and emission processes were also analyzed. Questionnaire for source data analysis as well as the stack sampling were carried out for 17 factories among 6 selected industrial types. The annual amount of emissions was estimated based on the measured concentration and flow rates. All sources were operated with high efficiency control devices and the concentration levels of all heavy metals were shown to be below 0.1 to of regulation standard. The highest emission source of heavy metals was steel manufacturing industry with the annual emission of 342.9 kg/yr and followed by hazardous waste incinerator, paint manufacturing, nonferrous metal manufacturing, rolling & press goods manufacturing and storage battery manufacturing. In the case of Hg, the emissions were quite significant from electric acros of steel manufacturing industry, although the concentration level was below the emission standard, showing the necessity of specific care for its management.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제11권10호
• /
• pp.1069-1074
• /
• 2002

The growth and heavy metal experiments revealed oppositive interactions between toxic metals(Zn and Cd) and Mn when the coastal diatom T. pseudonana were used. Cd and Zn inhibited the algal growth rate only at low Mn ion concentrations and this effect could be accounted for an inhibition of cellular Mn take by the toxic metals. Mn and Zn inhibited cellular Cd take and this indicated a reciprocal effects among the metals with respect to metal take. Saturation kinetics modeling of the take data was consistent with two metals competing with each other for binding to the Mn take system and with both Cd and Mn being transported into the cell by that system. Mathematical modeling of Mn and Cd take data revealed evidence fur a Cd efflux system.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.257-267
• /
• 2012

Occupational neurotoxic diseases have become increasingly common in Taiwan due to industrialization. Over the past 40 years, Taiwan has transformed from an agricultural society to an industrial society. The most common neurotoxic diseases also changed from organophosphate poisoning to heavy metal intoxication, and then to organic solvent and semiconductor agent poisoning. The nervous system is particularly vulnerable to toxic agents because of its high metabolic rate. Neurological manifestations may be transient or permanent, and may range from cognitive dysfunction, cerebellar ataxia, Parkinsonism, sensorimotor neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction to neuromuscular junction disorders. This study attempts to provide a review of the major outbreaks of occupational neurotoxins from 1968 to 2012. A total of 16 occupational neurotoxins, including organophosphates, toxic gases, heavy metals, organic solvents, and other toxic chemicals, were reviewed. Peer-reviewed articles related to the electrophysiology, neuroimaging, treatment and long-term follow up of these neurotoxic diseases were also obtained. The heavy metals involved consisted of lead, manganese, organic tin, mercury, arsenic, and thallium. The organic solvents included n-hexane, toluene, mixed solvents and carbon disulfide. Toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide were also included, along with toxic chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, organophosphates, and dimethylamine borane. In addition we attempted to correlate these events to the timeline of industrial development in Taiwan. By researching this topic, the hope is that it may help other developing countries to improve industrial hygiene and promote occupational safety and health care during the process of industrialization.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2023

The phenomenon of sediment resuspension in rivers and lakes causes contaminants (heavy metals and nutrients) accumulated in the sediment to leach into the overlying water. As a result, it can lead to changes in toxic effects and eutrophication in the aquatic ecosystem. In this regard, it is important to quantitatively determine the amount of contaminants leached during sediment resuspension. In this study, methods for assessing the amount of released contaminants and the types of contaminants potentially released due to sediment resuspension were studied and summarized. Methods for assessing leaching can be divided into three groups based on the principle of causing resuspension: (i) the oscillating grid chamber method, (ii) the mechanical stirrer method, and (iii) the shaker method. It was confirmed that the types of contaminants that can potentially be released include heavy metals bound to sulfides, as well as exchangeable and labile forms of heavy metals and nutrients. To effectively manage stable aquatic ecosystems in the future, a simplified leaching test method is needed to assess in advance the risks (i.e., changes in toxic effects and eutrophication) that sediment resuspension may pose to aquatic ecosystems.