• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2021

The public relations room of the waste disposal facility is a space that can be visited by a large number of unevaluated personnel. Therefore, it is essential to design against fire, and research on fire and evacuation is essential. In this study, in order to evaluate the safety of the occupants in the event of fire and evacuation based on the life safety standards of occupants, the increase in risk due to heat, visible distance, and toxic gases on a plane 1.8m from the floor, which is the limit of breathing of the evacuee, over time. It was analyzed by location. As a result, the RSET of the P-01 exit was 93.0 seconds and the ASET was 272.6 seconds, the RSET of the P-02 exit was 45.8 seconds, the ASET was 147.7 seconds, the RSET of the P-03 exit was 106 seconds, and the ASET was 182.9 seconds.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.969-976
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• 2004

Cassava peelings waste, which is both a waste and pollutant, was chemically modified using mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) and used to adsorb $Cu^{2+}\;and\;Cd^{2+}$ from aqueous solution over a wide range of reaction conditions at $30^{\circ}C$. Acid modification produced a larger surface area, which significantly enhanced the metal ion binding capacity of the biomass. An adsorption model based on the $Cu^{2+}/Cd^{2+}$ adsorption differences was developed to predict the competition of the two metal ions towards binding sites for a mixed metal ion system. The phytosorption process was examined in terms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The models indicate that the cassava waste biomass had a greater phytosorption capacity, higher affinity and greater sorption intensity for $Cu^{2+}\;than\;Cd^{2+}$. According to the evaluation using Langmuir equation, the monolayer binding capacity obtained was 127.3 mg/g $Cu^{2+}$ and 119.6 mg/g $Cd^{2+}$. The kinetic studies showed that the phytosorption rates could be described better by a pseudo-second order process and the rate coefficients was determined to be $2.04{\times}10^{-3}\;min^{-1}\;and\;1.98{\times}10^{-3}\;min^{-1}\;for\;Cu^{2+}\;and\;Cd^{2+}$ respectively. The results from these studies indicated that acid treated cassava waste biomass could be an efficient sorbent for the removal of toxic and valuable metals from industrial effluents.

• 분석과학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2014

불화수소는 유리의 식각, 금속의 녹 제거 등 산업계에서 많이 사용되는 대표적인 무기산이며 노출 시 눈, 코, 목안을 강하게 자극하고, 흡입 시 폐렴, 폐수종 기관지염을 일으키는 대표적인 유독물질에 해당하는 화학물질로 구분되어 있다. 현행 폐기물공정시험기준에는 불소화합물에 대한 함량분석방법이 마련되어 있지 않아 최근 발생된 불화수소 누출사고로 발생된 불산에 오염된 농작물, 수목 등 가연성 폐기물의 신속하고 안전한 처리방법 마련에 어려움을 겪었다. 본 연구에서는 불화수소 누출사고로 발생된 가연성 폐기물(농작물, 수목 등) 중 불소 및 불소화합물의 함량분석방법 마련을 통해 폐기물의 불산 오염여부를 판단하고 적절한 폐기물 처리방법을 제시하고, 향후 이 방법을 폐기물 관리법상에 지정폐기물에 함유된 유해물질로 불소 및 불소화합물에 대한 항목 추가 시 폐기물공정시험기준으로 활용하고자 한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.797-801
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• 2020

Most of irradiated graphite that should be disposed comes from moderators and reflectors of nuclear power plants. The quantity of irradiated graphite could be higher in the future if high-temperature reactors (HTRs) will be deployed. In this case noteworthy quantities of fuel pebbles containing semi-graphitic carbonaceous material should be added to the already existing 250,000 tons of irradiated graphite. Industry graphite is largely used in industrial applications for its high thermal and electrical conductivity and thermal and chemical resistance, making it a valuable material. Irradiated graphite constitutes a waste management challenge owing to the presence of long-lived radionuclides, such as ¹⁴C and ³⁶Cl. In the ENEA Nuclear Material Characterization Laboratory it has been successfully designed a procedure based on the exfoliation process organic solvent assisted, with the purpose of investigate the possibility of achieving graphite significantly less toxic that could be recycled for other purpose [1]. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the possibility of the scalability from laboratory to industrial dimensions of the exfoliation process and provide the prototype of a chemical plant for the treatment of irradiated graphite.

• 멤브레인
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2021

멤브레인 기반의 MBRWG (Membrane Bioreactor for Waste Gas) 처리기술은 폐가스 흐름에 대한 높은 선택성을 바탕으로 효과적인 생물학적 제거를 수행할 수 있다. MBRWG에는 몇 가지 잠재적 이점이 있는데, 이 중 가장 두드러진 점은 기상과 액상이 멤브레인 양쪽으로 명확히 분리되어 액상 내 생물막의 최적제어가 용이하고 이를 통해 효과적인 생분해와 생물막의 활성화를 도모할 수 있다는 것이다. MBRWG 처리기술은 특히 xylene 같은 소수성 독성 기체 성분 제거에 유리한데 이는 소수성 기체의 물질전달속도, 독성 및 제거율이 생물막 인근의 액상흐름 및 수분제어에 민감하게 변화하기 때문이다. MBRWG 처리에 쓰이는 다양한 멤브레인 중에서 PDMS-중공사막(hollow fiber)이 가장 높은 기체 물질 전달을 제공한다고 보고되었다. Capillary 형태도 중공사막형태에 비해 비표면적은 낮지만 비교적 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 소수성 기체성분 제거 외에도 기존 생물학적 폐가스 처리 장치에서 배출된 잔류 기체 혼합물이나 먼지를 제거하기 위한 후단 공정에서 멤브레인 활용을 고려할 수 있다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.17-33
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• 1987

As a result of technical advances and industrialization, the characteristics of domestic and industrial wastes are becoming more complex. Accordingly, improved treatment and disposal systems are being continuously sought to take account of complex characteristics and to comply with economic restrictions. In this study, an application of pyrolysis to the treatment of industrial wastes, including waste scrap rubber, waste raw material used in making the slipper bottom and waste PVC pipe, and the effectiveness of pyrolysis in resource recovery from these wastes were investigated. Batches of wastes were pyrolysed by external heating to a temperature of 400-800$\circ$C in a 32 mm diameter x 0.9 m long silica tube to produce combustible gases, oils and chars. Before the start of pyrolysis runs, the entire system was purged with nitrogen gas to exclude the air. The temperature inside the retort was controlled by the thermocouple in the gas stream, and referred to as the pyrolysis temperature. Under these conditions three products were separately collected and further analyzed. The results were summarized as follows. 1. More gases and less chars were produced with higher pyrolyzing temperature and with higher rates of heating, but the yields of oils tended downwards at temperatures above 700$\circ$C. Accordingly, operating conditions of pyrolysis should be varied with desired material. 2. Calorific values and sulfur contents of produced oils were sufficient and suitable for fuel use. Chars from waste rubber had high heating values with low sulfur contents, but calorific values of chars from waste PVC and waste slipper were as low as 3, 065-4, 273 kcal/kg and 942-2, 545 kcal/kg, respectively. Therefore, char from these wastes are inappropriate for fuel. 3. Soluble contents of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in chars from waste rubber and waste slipper were below the Specific Hazardous Waste Treatment Standards. However soluble contents of Pb and Cd in chars from waste PVC were one or two times and five or seven times exceedingly the Specific Hazardous Waste Treatment Standards, respectively. 4. Post high heating is desirable for treatment method of waste PVC which generates toxic hydrogen chloride. 5. The proportions of hydrogen, methane and ethane in produced gases were in the range of 3.99-35.61% V/V, 18.22-32.50% V/V and 5.17-5.87% V/V, respectively. 6. Pyrolysis is a useful disposal method in case of waste slipper, which was hardly combustible, and thus investigations of this kind of materials are required for effective management of industrial waste. 7. Based upon the possible market development for products, overall pyroly economics to take account of treatment values of noncombustible or hazardous materials should be evaluated.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2003

쓰레기 매립지 침출수의 중금속과 유해성분을 자작나무와 이태리 포플러 묘목이 얼마나 흡수, 제거하는지를 알아보기 위해서 침출수 원액, 50% 침출수, 25% 침출수 그리고 대조구 등 4개의 처리로 나누어서 관수하였다. 실험이 끝난 후에 뿌리, 줄기, 잎을 분쇄기로 분쇄하고 그 함량을 Inductively Coupled Plasma emission spectrometer(ICP)로 조사하였다. 위에서 살펴 본 것과 같이 이태리 포플러와 자작나무 모두 쓰레기 매립지 침출수의 유해 중금속을 흡수 할 수 있는 능력이 있어 매립지나 황폐지 같은 지역의 빠른 조림을 위해서 활용이 기대되는 수종임을 알 수 있다. 특히 토양의 비소(As), 수은(Hg), 코발트(Co)그리고 니켈(Ni)등의 오염이 문제가 되는 지역에 이들 수종을 식재하게 되면 뿌리를 통해서 이들 원소를 흡착, 흡수할 수 있는 효과를 올릴 수 있다.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2001

Agricultural drainage salt generated during irrigation of crops in San Joaquin Valley, California, exceeds 600,000 tons annually and cumulates in the field in a rapid rate. As a result, the waste is taking out more farmlands for salt storage and disposal, imposing serious concerns to environment and local agricultural industry. In searching for a potential solution to reduce or eliminate the waste, this research explored feasibility of producing a value -added product, sodium sulfate, from the waste and utilizing the product in textile dyeing. The results indicated that sodium sulfate could be produced from the salt and could be purified by a recrystalization method in a temperature range within the highest and lowest daily temperatures in summer in the alley. The recovered sodium sulfate samples, with purities ranging from 67% to 99.91, were compared with commercially available sodium sulfate in direct dyeing of cotton fabrics. The salt samples recovered from Mendata, California (〉98.8% sodium sulfate) cause little color difference in the dyeing with selected direct dyes, and the purified salt (Ⅲ) (99.91% sodium sulfate) is more applicable for direct dyeing of cotton fabrics if it has no other toxic effects. The recovered sodium sulfate from certain areas in the valley could not be employed in direct dyeing due to the high level of impurities in it.

• 분석과학
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.276-286
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• 2013

국내 유해폐기물의 적정 관리를 위해 폐유 및 액상연료 공정에서 발생한 폐기물 중 규제 무기물질류의 배출특성을 조사하였다. 사업장은 올바로시스템에 등록된 폐기물 배출업체를 대상으로, 유럽폐기물 분류체계(EWC, European Waste Catalogue)의 폐유 및 액상연료 공정(EWC 13)과 유사한 폐기물 발생업체를 선정하였다. 조사대상 사업장 37 개 업체를 현지 방문하여 원료, 생산제품, 생산 공정, 폐기물의 종류 및 배출과정을 조사하고 생산 공정에서 배출되는 51 개의 폐기물을 채취하여 무기물질류 16 항목(Cd, Pb, Cu, Hg, As, CN, Cr, $Cr^{6+}$, Ba, Be, F, Ni, Sb, Se, V, Zn)에 대한 함량분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 모든 공정에서 발생된 폐기물에서 주로 Sb가 검출되었고, 6~419(평균 98) mg/kg의 농도 범위를 나타내었다. EWC 판정 절차를 통해 국내 폐유 및 액상연료 공정에서 발생된 폐기물을 판정한 결과, EWC 중분류 24공정 중 절대유해폐기물로 분류해서 관리해야할 공정은 16 개, 상대유해폐기물로 관리가 필요한 공정은 8 개로 판단되었다. 폐기물의 배출특성을 통해 유해물질 함유 자료를 확보하고 폐기물 목록에 대한 데이터베이스를 구축함으로써 유해폐기물의 안전처리를 통한 환경오염을 방지할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.222-222
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• 2011

Plastic product is increasing by the growth of its demand and most of refused plastics are incinerated or reclaimed. However, the refused plastic is not easily decomposed and has the environmental problem with its various toxic gas in case of incineration. Therefore, many countries such as USA, Japan, Germany and other developed industrial countries as well as Korea are interested in studying the recyclable resource of refused plastic. The macromolecular waste pyrolysis has the advantage of collecting of raw materials in high price and can at least get fuel gas or oil with high heat capacity. It also discharges low waste gas and low toxic gas including SOx, NOx and HCl heavy metals. However, pyrolyzed oil includes enough excess unsaturated hydrocarbons to form tar, which can cause the nozzle of engines to plug when pyrolyzed oil is used as fuel. Activated carbon was proven to have prominent adsorption capability among the other adsorbents that were mainly composed of carbon. This study examined the possibility of application in activated charcoal of its solid formation by analysing the feature of pyrolysis which is one of the chemical recycling methods and getting chemical analysis of the product and activated energy. Analyze the element of the oil produced by pyrolysis using GC-MS. The experiment of tar adsorption using fly-ash showed that fly-ash improved the optical intensity of pyrolyzed oil and decreased oxygen compounds in the pyrolyzed oil.