• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2016

한국도로공사에서는 2012년 1월 16일부터 5월 31일까지 고속 축중기를 이용하여 경부선 195.0k(김천)과 중부내륙선 119.5k(선산) 구간에서 과적 시범단속을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 이를 활용하여 과적 시범단속 시행 전과 후, 각 8주의 교통량 및 평균 총중량 비교를 통해 과적단속의 실제적인 효과를 분석하고자 하였으며, 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과적 시범단속 전후의 교통량 및 총중량 변화를 분석한 결과, 교통량은 시행 전과 후의 차이가 없었지만, 총중량은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 화물 교통량이 줄어서 총중량이 줄어든 것이 아니라, 시범단속을 통해 총중량이 감소함을 의미한 것으로 과적단속의 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 시행 전과 후의 주별 총 교통량 및 평균 총중량 추이를 분석한 결과, 과적단속 시작을 기점으로 급격하게 감소했다가, 다시 점차 증가하는 추이를 보이고 있었다. 이는 시범단속에 대한 풍선효과로, 향후 지속적인 과적단속이 필요함을 알 수 있다. 다만, 본 연구는 시범단속 기간에 대한 연구로 향후 장기간 교통량 및 총중량 변화에 대한 분석과 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the uncertainty in the analysis of total alkaloids and reducing sugar content in flue-cured tobacco. The sources of uncertainty associated with the analysis of total alkaloids and reducing sugar were the weighing of sample, the preparation of extracting solution, the addition of extracting solution into the sample, the preparation of standard solution, the precision of calibration curve for standard solution, the reproducibility of analysis, and the determination of water content in tobacco, etc. For the calculating uncertainties, Type A of uncertainty was evaluated by the statistical analysis of a series of observation, and Type B by the information based on supplier’s catalogue and/or certificated of calibration. It was shown that the main source of uncertainty was caused by the calibration curve of standard solution, the reproducibility of analysis, the volume measurement of 1$m\ell$, and the purity of nicotine reference material in the preparation of standard solution. The uncertainty in the addition of extracting solution, the sample weighing, the volume measurement of 100$m\ell$, and the determination of water content of tobacco contributed relatively little to the overall uncertainty. The expanded uncertainty of total alkaloids and reducing sugar in flue-cured tobacco at 95% level of confidence was $\pm$0.12% and $\pm$0.54%, respectively.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2013

In this study, we examined chewing frequency, eating rates, and food consumption volume according to the body mass index of male and female college students. Twenty-five male college students were divided into a normal weight male group (<23 body mass index, n=14) and an obese male group (${\geq}23$ body mass index, n=11). Twenty-five female college students were divided into a normal weight female group (<23 body mass index, n=21) and an obese female group (${\geq}23$ body mass index, n=4). Subjects were provided with abundant fried rice and allowed to consume it at their own pace. Chewing frequency, total mealtime, rate of eating, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite were measured. There were no significant differences in chewing frequency, total mealtime, rate of eating, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite between the normal and obese male groups. There were also no significant differences in chewing frequency, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite between the normal and obese female groups. However, the obese female group had a significantly shorter mealtime and significantly higher eating rate compared with the normal group. Thus, our study suggests that females who eat a meal for a longer time may reduce their food intake, consequently inducing body weight loss.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the upper airway dimensions of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and control subjects using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) unit commonly applied in clinical practice in order to assess airway dimensions in the same fashion as that routinely employed in a clinical setting. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis utilizing existing CBCT scans to evaluate the dimensions of the upper airway in OSA and control subjects. The CBCT data of sixteen OSA and sixteen control subjects were compared. The average area, average volume, total volume, and total length of the upper airway were computed. Width and anterior-posterior (AP) measurements were obtained on the smallest axial slice. Results: OSA subjects had a significantly smaller average airway area, average airway volume, total airway volume, and mean airway width. OSA subjects had a significantly larger airway length measurement. The mean A-P distance was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: OSA subjects have a smaller upper airway compared to controls with the exception of airway length. The lack of a significant difference in the mean A-P distance may indicate that patient position during imaging (upright vs. supine) can affect this measurement. Comparison of this study with a future prospective study design will allow for validation of these results.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2023

Objective: To compare Octopus multipurpose (MP) electrodes, which are capable of saline instillation and direct tissue temperature measurement, and conventional electrodes for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in porcine livers in vivo. Materials and Methods: Sixteen pigs were used in this study. In the first experiment, RFA was performed in the liver for 6 minutes using Octopus MP electrodes (n = 15 ablation zones) and conventional electrodes (n = 12 ablation zones) to investigate the effect of saline instillation. The ablation energy, electrical impedance, and ablation volume of the two electrodes were compared. In the second experiment, RFA was performed near the gallbladder (GB) and colon using Octopus MP electrodes (n = 12 ablation zones for each) with direct tissue temperature monitoring and conventional electrodes (n = 11 ablation zones for each). RFA was discontinued when the temperature increased to > 60℃ in the Octopus MP electrode group, whereas RFA was performed for a total of 6 minutes in the conventional electrode group. Thermal injury was assessed and compared between the two groups by pathological examination. Results: In the first experiment, the ablation volume and total energy delivered in the Octopus MP electrode group were significantly larger than those in the conventional electrode group (15.7 ± 4.26 cm³ vs. 12.5 ± 2.14 cm³, p = 0.027; 5.48 ± 0.49 Kcal vs. 5.04 ± 0.49 Kcal, p = 0.029). In the second experiment, thermal injury to the GB and colon was less frequently noted in the Octopus MP electrode group than that in the conventional electrode group (16.7% [2/12] vs. 90.9% [10/11] for GB and 8.3% [1/12] vs. 90.9% [10/11] for colon, p < 0.001 for all). The total energy delivered around the GB (2.65 ± 1.07 Kcal vs. 5.04 ± 0.66 Kcal) and colon (2.58 ± 0.57 Kcal vs. 5.17 ± 0.90 Kcal) were significantly lower in the Octopus MP electrode group than that in the conventional electrode group (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion: RFA using the Octopus MP electrodes induced a larger ablation volume and resulted in less thermal injury to the adjacent organs compared with conventional electrodes.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2017

The topographic volume estimation is carried out for the earth work of a construction site and quarry excavation monitoring. The topographic surveying using instruments such as engineering levels, total stations, and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) receivers have traditionally been used and the photogrammetric approach using drone systems has recently been introduced. However, these methods cannot be adopted for inaccessible areas where high resolution satellite images can be an alternative. We carried out experiments using Kompsat-3/3A data to estimate topographic volume for a quarry and checked the accuracy. We generated DEMs (Digital Elevation Model) using newly acquired Kompsat-3/3A data and checked the accuracy of the topographic volume estimation by comparing them to a reference DEM generated by timely operating a drone system. The experimental results showed that geometric differences between stereo images significantly lower the quality of the volume estimation. The tested Kompsat-3 data showed one meter level of elevation accuracy with the volume estimation error less than 1% while the tested Kompsat-3A data showed lower results because of the large geometric difference.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 1992

This studies were carried out to investigate the effects of leaf loading quantity and circulating air volume during bulk curing on the variation of physical and chemical characteristics in flue-cured tobacco. The results are as follows : 1. The content of sugar in cured leaves was decreased with more circulating air volume and leaf loading quantity at bulk curing. 2. Total nitrogen and protein nitrogen were decreased with less circulating air volume and more leaf loading quantity, while amino nitrogen was increased. 3. The contents of linolenic acid and linoleic acid were increased with more leaf loading quantity and oxalic acid and citric acid had a tendency of being increased in case of high circulating air volume. 4. In general, major aromatic compounds were increased through flue-curing. Relatively high content of solanone in case of lower air volume and less leaf loading were observed, while megastig matrienone was increased when leaf loading was small. 5. The more circulation air volume with leaf loading quantity caused lowering equilibrium moisture content and higher shatter index, which resulted in poor quality of cured leaves based on quality index, nitrogen number, taste index phillips index, and sugar-nicotine ratio.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2020

In this research, a hybrid mathematical model is derived using the higher-order polynomial kinematic model in association with soft computing technique for the prediction of best fiber volume fractions and the minimal mass of the layered composite structure. The optimal values are predicted further by taking the frequency parameter as the constraint and the projected values utilized for the computation of the eigenvalue and deflections. The optimal mass of the total layered composite and the corresponding optimal volume fractions are evaluated using the particle swarm optimization by constraining the arbitrary frequency value as mass/volume minimization functions. The degree of accuracy of the optimal model has been proven through the comparison study with published well-known research data. Further, the predicted values of volume fractions are incurred for the evaluation of the eigenvalue and the deflection data of the composite structure. To obtain the structural responses i.e. vibrational frequency and the central deflections the proposed higher-order polynomial FE model adopted. Finally, a series of numerical experimentations are carried out using the optimal fibre volume fraction for the prediction of the optimal frequencies and deflections including associated structural parameter.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2016

Purpose: To determine whether large rectal volume on planning computed tomography (CT) results in lower tumor regression grade (TRG) after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in rectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of 113 patients treated with surgery following neoadjuvant CCRT for rectal cancer between January and December 2012. Rectal volume was contoured on axial images in which gross tumor volume was included. Average axial rectal area (ARA) was defined as rectal volume divided by longitudinal tumor length. The impact of rectal volume and ARA on TRG was assessed. Results: Average rectal volume and ARA were 11.3 mL and $2.9cm^2$. After completion of neoadjuvant CCRT in 113 patients, pathologic results revealed total regression (TRG 4) in 28 patients (25%), good regression (TRG 3) in 25 patients (22%), moderate regression (TRG 2) in 34 patients (30%), minor regression (TRG 1) in 24 patients (21%), and no regression (TRG0) in 2 patients (2%). No difference of rectal volume and ARA was found between each TRG groups. Linear correlation existed between rectal volume and TRG (p = 0.036) but not between ARA and TRG (p = 0.058). Conclusion: Rectal volume on planning CT has no significance on TRG in patients receiving neoadjuvant CCRT for rectal cancer. These results indicate that maintaining minimal rectal volume before each treatment may not be necessary.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.504-511
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• 2021

목적: 양측 슬관절 퇴행성 관절염으로 동시에 시행하는 양측 인공 슬관절 전치환술(simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty, SBTKA)의 정맥 투여 금기에 해당하는 환자를 포함하여 관절강 내 트라넥삼산(tranexamic acid, TXA) 투여 후 배액량, 실혈량, 수혈률, 수혈량 및 합병증 발생의 차이를 비교해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2016년 4월부터 2018년 12월까지 퇴행성 관절염으로 SBTKA를 시행하였던 환자 중 관절낭 봉합 후 배액관을 통해 관절강 내로 한쪽당 3 g의 TXA를 주입한 139명을 실험군(group T), 2007년 10월부터 2010년 8월까지 TXA를 주입하지 않고 수술하였던 SBTKA 환자 57명(group A)을 대조군으로 설정했다. 양 군은 나이, 성별에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.572, 0.474). TXA는 정맥 내 투여의 금기에 해당하는 환자들에게도 관계 없이 주입하였고 염증성 관절염으로 수술을 시행한 환자는 본 연구에서 제외시켰다. 각각 평균 배액량, 실혈량, 수혈률, 수혈량과 일 평균 혈색소의 변화 추이, 일 평균 수혈량을 비교하였다. 합병증으로 심부 정맥 혈전증, 폐색전증, 감염, 뇌경색, 심근경색 발생 여부를 조사하였다. 결과: 평균 실혈량은 group A와 group T에서 각각 2195.32±1175.63 ml, 1145.09±382.95 ml, 평균 배액량은 1178.30±484.59 ml, 774.19±310.06 ml로 group T에서 각각 유의하게 적었다(p=0.002, <0.001). 수혈률은 각각 77.2% (44/57), 0.7% (1/139), 전체 평균 수혈량은 각각 735.44±550.83 ml, 4.60±54.28 ml로 group T에서 각각 유의하게 적었다(p<0.001, <0.001). 혈색소는 group A, group T에서 각각 술 후 3, 4일째 증가하였다(p<0.001, 0.001). 합병증으로 심부 정맥 혈전증이 group T에서 2예(1.4%), 폐색전증이 3예(2.2%) 발생하였으나 group A에서는 발생하지 않았다. 감염, 뇌경색, 심근경색은 모두에서 발생하지 않았다. 결론: 동시에 시행하는 SBTKA에서 TXA의 관절강 내 주입은 TXA의 평균 배액량, 실혈량, 수혈률, 수혈량을 유의하게 감소시키며 정맥 내 투여 금기에 해당하는 환자들을 포함하여도 합병증 발생률이 높아지지 않는다.