• 약학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.174-179
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• 1986

The thymus weight of the mouse was 54.1% in protein malnutritive diet group and 39.2% in group treated with saponin fraction of Panax ginseng in comparison to normal diet group. This decreasing effects of protein malnutritive diet and saponin fraction on the thymus weight practically disappeared after four weeks. The saponin fraction showed no effect on the spleen weight of the mouse. The supplement of the saponin fraction enhanced total peritoneal exudate cells, content of total serum protein and albumin content of the mouse, each 45, 8 and 10% respectively in comparision to that of normal diet group. And these values in protein malnutritive diet group were 61.2, 83.6 and 87.0% respectively in comparision to that of normal diet group, and recovered to the level of normal diet group by the supplement of the saponin fraction. The electrophoregram of the serum protein of the mouse fed with protein malnutritive diet was different from that of the mouse fed with normal diet, but this difference practically disappeared by the supplement of the saponin fraction.

• 약학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.8-10
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• 1962

Total saponin and oil fraction of Polygala tenuifolia were tested for their anticholesterolemic properties by a "Three day fasting method" on rabbits. It has been reported that saponin have the anticholesterolemic activity, however this activity is not general property of all kinds of saponin. As shown in Table, Polygala saponin has not significant anticholesterolemic activity on rabbits. On administering oil fraction of Radix Polygala, serum cholesterol level in rabbits increased to 224.7% while the control group 43.2%.oup 43.2%.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1997

The effect of total saponin fraction of Ginseng injected intrathecally (i.1.) or in- tracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) on the antinociception induced by D-$Pen^{2,5}$- enkephalin (DPDPE) ad ministered i.c.v. was studied in ICR mice in the present study. The antinociception was assessed by the tail-flick test. Total saponin fraction at doses 0.1 to 1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$, which administered i.t. Alone did not affect the latencies of tail-flick threshold, attenuated dose-dependently the inhibition of the tail-flick response induced by i.c.v. administered DPDPE (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$). However, total saponin fraction at doses 1 to 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$, which administered i.c.v. Alone did not affect the latencies of the tail-flick response, did not affect i.c.v. administered DPDPE (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$)-induced antinociception. The duration of antagonistic action of total saponin fraction against DPDPE-induced antlnociception was lasted at least for 6 hrs. Various doses of ginsenosides Rd, but not $\Rb_2$, Rc, Rg1, and $\Rb_1$ and Re, injected i.t. Dose-dependently attenuated antinociception induced by DPDPE administered i.c.v. Our results indicate that total saponin fraction injected spinally appears to have antagonistic action against the antinociception induced by supraspinally applied DPDPE. Ginsenoside Rd appears to be responsible for blocking j.c.v. administered DPDPE-induced antinociception. On the other hand, total ginseng fraction, at supraspinal sites, may not have an antagonistic action against the antinociception induced by DPDPE.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.316-323
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• 1998

To study e(feces of Korean Binseng (Parfax ginseff C. A. hfeyer) total saponin fraction on spermidine and spermine metabolism in rat reproductive systems, we administrated the saponin fractation to rats for 2 years. Then, we determined the activities of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), the quantitation of the enzyme protein and the amounts of spermidine and spermine contents In prostate and testis. In young sexually immature stage, administration of Korean ginseng saponin fraction showed no effect on SAMDC activities. The stimulatory effect on the activities of SAMDC gradually increased and reached maximal activities in test groups of prostate and testis at sexually mature stage. The amounts of SAMDC protein in test groups were paralleled by the changes of SAMDC activities in test groups, indicating that all of the increased activity occurring in administration of ginseng saponin fraction was not due to the activation of SAMDC activity but to the Increase in enzyme protein. However, the spermidine and spermine contents of test groups showed small increase in compared to that of control groups. From these results, we suggest that administration of ginseng saponin fraction alter the spermidine and spermine metabolism in sexually mature and aged reproductive systems in rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.232-239
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• 1985

The effects of total saponin, triol and diol saponin, and prosapogenin of ginseng on the absorption of cholesterol and the component of serum lipids was observed as a function of time using isotopic method. The following results were obtained. 1) Labelled cholesterol absorption was observed to be enhanced after adminstrations of total saponin, triol saponin, and. prosapogenin of ginseng to rat (Sprague Dawley). 2) Decreases in the amount of serum lipid were observed after administration of total saponin and prosapogenin of ginseng.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.233-242
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• 1976

인삼중(人蔘中)에 함유된 dammarane glycoside들을 glycoside 수준(水準)에서 fraction별(別)로 정량(定量)하는 방법(方法)으로 2차원(次元) TLC법(法)에 의해 분리(分離)된 glycoside를 용출(溶出)하여 Vanillin-$H_2SO_4$ 발색법(發色法)으로 정량(定量)하는 방법(方法)을 검토하는 동시에, 1차원(次元) TLC법(法)으로 SAPONIN FRACTION을 분해(分解)하고 이것을 thinchrograph TFG-10 및 digital densitorol DMU-33c에 걸어 각(各) fraction별(別)로 saponin을 정량(定量)하였다. 1. 2차원(次元) TLC를 병용(竝用)한 Vanillin-$H_2SO_4$ 비색법(比色法)은 각(各) fraction의 정리(定離)는 용이하였으나, 각(各) spot를 동정(同定)하기가 어려웠다. 2. Thinchrograph를 이용하여 saponin를 정량(定量)하는 경우, 비교적 감도(感度)가 높은 ginsenoside의 peak를 얻을 수 있었으나, 동일(同一)한 정량조건(定量條件)에서 표품(標品)과의 대조실험(對照實驗)이 병행(竝行)해야 하므로 표품(標品)의 입수가 어려워, 각(各) peak에 해당하는 saponin동정(同定)이 불가능하였다. 3. Densitometer의 경우 thinchrograph보다 그 감도는 떨어지나, 사용법이 간편하고, 쉽게 각(各) fraction을 동정(同定)할 수 있어 TLC에서 분리(分離)가 좋은 용매를 사용한다면 비교적 정확도가 높은 정량치를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1991

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of ginseng saponin fraction and cyclophosphamide (CY) on the tumor development, the antitumor effect and the tumoricidal activity of mouse macrophage. When mice were treated with saponin or CY following inoculation with Sarcoma 180, tumor development was inhibited and survival ratio increased, and a combination of both treatments further inhibited the tumor development. Tumoricidal activity of macrophage was effectively increased at 10-7% concentration of CY and it was further increased when macrophage was cotreated with saponin and CY. Tumoricidal activity of macrophage was greatest at the third day after inoculating tumor cell. Both saponin and CY increased the chemiluminescence of macrophage, but CY had no effect on releasing TNF, unlike saponin.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.352-356
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• 1986

합성배치인 Glucose-Salts 배지에서 인삼 saponin과 그 관련 물질이 A~$\psi$ergillusρarasiticus의 Aflatoxin 생성에 미치 는 영힘뼈 대해 검토하였다. 배양시간에 따른 균체 증식은 배양 5 일째 이후가 최대였고 Aflatoxin 생성은 배영 9 일째가 최대였다. 인상 saponin O. 05% 첨가시 율처l 증식과 Aflatoxin 생성이 대조군보다 상당량 감소되었고, 5.0% 첨가시 균체 증식은 대 조눈보다 증가하였으나 Aflatoxin 생성은 매우 감소되었다. S Saponin diol 및 triol의 농도별 첨가시 diol 0.01, 1. 0%와 triol O. 5, 1. 0%가 Aflatoxin 생성 저해에 효과적이였다. S Saponin fraction 첨 가시 fraction 1이 Aflatoxin 생성 저해에 가장 효과적 이 었고 fraction 2, 4, 6도 상당한 효과가 있었다. 핵산 관련 물질 첨 가시 Adenine, denosine, Guanosine, Caffeine, Cytosine 및 Xanthosine 첨 가꾼 오우 대조군에 비 해 Aflatoxin 생성 저해에 효과적이었으며, affeine의 경우 균체내에서만 Aflatoxin을 검출할 수 있었다. Saponin 5. 0% 챙까시 Aflatoxin 생성이 매우 저해된 반면 total lipid의 %뇨은 대조군의 10애, 균체 증식은 약 2 배 이상 증가되였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.206-212
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• 1984

The effect of saponin fractions of Panax ginseng root on the interactions of human plasma lipoproteins and lecithin dispersions with dextran sulfate were studied in order to examine the effect of Panax ginseng on the lipid accumulation in the aorta. The total saponin fraction and protopanaxadiol glycosides of Panax ginseng root seemed to slightly enhance the interaction of low density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate in the absence of divalent metal ions. Protopanaxatriol glycosides remarkably inhibited the interaction of low density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate. However, all of these three saponin fractions of Panax ginseng root showed the tendency of inhibition to the interaction of high density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate in the presence of divalent metal ions by the order of protopanxatriol glycosides, protopanaxadiol glycosides and total saponin. Three saponin fractions of Panax ginseng exerted almost same tendency to the interaction of lecithin dispersions with dextran sulfate in the presence of divalent metal ions as the interaction of low density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate absence of divalent metal ions.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

In the present study, to determine whether the antioxidative components of Korean red ginseng protect against radiation damage and the possible relationship among the radioprotective effects and antioxidant actions, the effects of total saponin (200 mg/kg, ip) and lipophilic fraction (200 mg/kg, oral) preferment of mice on the survival ratio, major antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities, glutathione levels and lipid peroxidation in the liver were exiled for 2 weeks after whole ${\gamma}$-body ${\gamma}$-irradiation (6.5 Gy). The 30-day survival ratio increased from 10% to 57% and 40% for mice treated with total saponin and lipophilic fraction, respectively. On day 14 after ${\gamma}$-irradiation, the ginseng total saponin pretreatment produced a slight increase of antioxidant enzymes activities and significantly Increased reduced glutathione (GSH) contents (p<0.05) in the liver compared with non-treated group. Pretreatment with ginseng total saponin significantly deceased GSSG/total GSH ratio (p<0.05) without change of GSSG in the liver and inhibited the radiation-induced incense in the hepatic malondialdehyde levels. (p<0.05) In these results, GSH plays an important role in the liver in several detoxifications and the reduction of lipid peroxides. Thus, it appears that total saponin of red ginseng exerts its radioprotective effect by accelerating the production of endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione from radiation induced damages and thereby oxygen free radicals.