• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 2007

The objective of this research was to evaluate the inhibitory activities of phenolic compounds isolated from Crataegi Fructus on ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. The content of total phenolic compounds of water extract from Crataegi Fructus was 22.5 mg/g. The inhibitory activity of the water extract (200 ${\mu}g/ml$) from Crataegi Fructus on ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ was determined to be 100% and 82.6%, respectively. Isolation of inhibitory compounds was carried out on Sephadex LH-20 and MCI-gel CHP-20 column chromatography using a gradient elution procedure of increasing MeOH in $H_2O$. The chemical structure of the inhibitory compound against ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ was confirmed as chlorogenic acid by spectroscopic analysis of FAB-MS, NMR and IR spectrum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.519-523
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• 2005

Soybean paste (Doenjang) was prepared by adding Lotus root powder (LRP) at $5\~15\%$ (w/w) to improve quality of the Doenjang and to give some functional properties. Moisture content was ranged about $50.05\~54.04\%$ and amino nitrogen content was $635\~648\;mg\%$ following the LRP contents. Crude protein amounts were $11.55\~12.56\%$ that was no difference between test samples. Carbohydrates contents increased $1.5\~2$ times in the test samples than the control depending on the LRP contents. However, contents of crude lipid $(6.99\~8.55\%)$ and ash $(13.99\~15.17\%)$ were decreased as increased the amounts of LRP. The pH of the product was decreased until 45 days during aging period and then slightly increased without significantly differences among test samples. The values of acidity were $1.85\~2.18\%$ at the early stage of aging but slightly increased with further aging. The total phenolic content in the Doenjang adding $15\%$ LRP was $461.8\;mg\%$ which is higher than $368.6\;mg\%$ in the control. Doenjang prepared with LRP showed an anti-browning effect of the product itself.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.788-793
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the biological effects from Codium fragile. Methanol extract of Codium fragile increased two times at 2500 ㎍/ml the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum that associated with probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria of Kimchi. Ethyl acetate extract of Codium fragile inhibited the cellulase activity up to approximately 60% at $2500\;{\mu}g/ml$. Methanol extract of Codium fragile was fractionated into several subfractions and their antioxidant activities were measured by using DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity. Especially the antioxidative activity of ethyl acetate fraction was shown higher than that of other fractions and its fraction showed higher contents of total phenolic compounds, indicating the positive relationship between DPPH radical scavenging effect and total polyphenol content. Stimulation of the macrophages RAW264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in increased production of nitric oxide (NO) in the medium. However, the methanol extract of Codium fragile showed marked inhibition of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. This result suggest that Codium fragile plays significant role for activation of immune system in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.192-197
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to select an effective microbial strain to improve the functional qualities of Eisenia bicyclis water extract by fermentation. For this purpose, several microorganisms isolated from traditional Korean fermented foods were inoculated and cultivated in E. bicyclis water extract. Ultimately, yeast strain YM-1 was selected for further study based on its total phenolic compound (TP) content and antioxidant activity, which were enhanced by microbial fermentation. The extract fermented by YM-1 exhibited a superior TP content and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity compared to extracts fermented by other microbes. The highest TP content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were observed after one day of YM-1 fermentation. Yeast strain YM-1 was identified as Candida utilis based on an analysis of its physiological characteristics. During fermentation of the extract by C. utilis YM-1, no significant difference was observed in the proximate composition, including moisture, crude lipid, crude protein, and crude ash. Fermentation by C. utilis YM-1 resulted in enhanced biological activity, including increases in the TP content and antioxidant activity. Thus, fermentation by C. utilis YM-1 is an attractive strategy for developing value-added food ingredients.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 2000

After Cassia mimosoides var. nomame was treated with Phytolacca americana extracts during the germination process, its effect on the activities of AsPOX and GuPOX were examined. As the concentration of P. americana extract increased. the activity of AsPOX decreased while that of GuPOX increased. During the germination process, the activity of AsPOX was lower than the control, while the activity of GuPOX was over 2 times higher than the control. Activity of total peroxidase by IEF was extremely high at pI 6.4 and pI 6.6 when treatment was made with a 30% concentration of P. americana extract. The treatment with phenolic compounds, caffeic acid and benzoic acid did not show much difference from the control although a slight increase was observed at pI 6.6. Activity of GuPOX in C. mimosoides was over 4 times higher in roots than in shoots. Namely, because GuPOX activity of C. mimosoides was increased by extracts of P. americana, defense enzyme, GuPOX. was generated against external stress, and we could certified the activity increase at pI 6.4, especially in root.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2016

This study analyzed the antioxidant properties of Equisetum arvense and its effects on serum factor levels in mice fed a high-fat diet. The aim was to establish a new effective resource for biologically active materials. E. arvense stem and root extracts were obtained using deionized water at $95^{\circ}C$, and 70.5% ethanol at $85^{\circ}C$. These extracts were used to analyze the total phenolic compounds and antioxidant (ABTS, DDPH, and FRAP) activities. The effects of prepared ground samples were evaluated by feeding them to mice. E. arvense extracts showed strong antioxidant effects. The caffeic acid content was highest in the 70.5% ethanol extract of the vegetative stem, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The blood concentrations of insulin and leptin were significantly lower in mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with extracts of the root, reproductive stem, and vegetative stem of E. arvense than in mice fed only a high-fat diet. These results suggest that the polyphenolic compounds in E. arvense extracts exert various antioxidant effects. The stems and root of E. arvense can lower the blood levels of insulin and leptin, even after consumption of a high-fat diet.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2015

Background: Fermentation technology is widely used to alter the effective components of ginseng. This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics and antioxidant activity of ginseng seeds fermented by Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus strains. Methods: For ginseng seed fermentation, 1% of each strainwas inoculated on sterilized ginseng seeds and then incubated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 h in an incubator. Results: The total sugar content, acidic polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds, including p-coumaric acid, were higher in extracts of fermented ginseng seeds compared to a nonfermented control, and highest in extracts fermented with B. subtilis KFRI 1127. Fermentation led to higher antioxidant activity. The 2,2'-azine-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity was higher in ginseng seeds fermented by Bacillus subtilis than by Lactobacillus and Pediococcus, but Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity was higher in ginseng seeds fermented by Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. Conclusion: Antioxidant activities measured by ABTS and SOD were higher in fermented ginseng seeds compared to nonfermented ginseng seeds. These results may contribute to improving the antioxidant activity and quality of ginseng subjected to fermentation treatments.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.125-136
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• 1999

The ultrastructure of glandular trichomes in Pelargonium peltatum has been studied with a light microscope, transmission, and scanning electron microscope. Two types of the glands, long-stalked and short-stalked capitate glands, are distinguished with their shape and size of the total glands. Both glands are extreamly abundant in the leaf veins and petioles. These glandular trichomes are consisted of one secretory cell, three stalk cells, and one basal cell. The secretory cells contain a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. They have also much plastids, vacuoles, Golgi apparati, and mitochondria. High electron-dense deposits are frequently present in vacuoles of secretory cells. It seems to be phenolic compounds which is thought as the major secretory precursors.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 1988

Urine measurements by MNR were made for 25 persons including cancer and non-cancer patients. The aromatic proton signals of NMR wer observed much more often in cancer patients' urine than non-cancer patients' one. To compare the amount of the phenolic compounds excreted in urine between cancer and non-cancer patient, urine analysis by HPLC with UV detector was performed. Total peak area and major peak areas of cancer patients' urine wer emuch greater than those of non-cancer patients' one. To check the phenolic compound excreted in urine, a new jellied reagent named Gift reagent which was based on Millon's reagent, was developed for urine color reaction. When the reagent was tested, the sensitivity and specificity for urine samples of 69 persons including cancer and non-cancer patients were measured by 85.3% and 91.4%, respectively, indicating that the Gift reagent afford a possibility of cancer diagnosis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.159-164
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate antioxidant activities and reducing serum alcohol concentration of extract of Lentinus edodes on the alcohol administered rats. Methods : Antioxidant effect was measured by total phenolic compound and DPPH-radical scavenging activity of extract of Lentinus edodes in vitro. Blood alcohol concentration, aldehyde concentration, malondialdehyde concentration, glutathion concentration were measured in vivo. Results : The extract of Lentinus edodes increased DPPH-radical scavenging activity dose-dependently. The water extract with boiling water showed lower antioxidant activity and phenolic content than 70% ethanol extract in vitro. Blood alcohol concentration was significantly reduced by pre-treatment of ethanol extract of Lentinus edodes. The effect was more significant than commercial product used as a positive control. Conclusions : This study suggest that Lentinus edodes can be a potential nature resource for the management of ethanol toxicity although the mechanism of action involved in the treatment remains to be explored.