• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2018

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) rarely involves the parotid gland and its incidence is only 1.7% to 3.1% of all salivary gland neoplasms. The mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is the most common subtype of NHL, followed by follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, two distinct types of lymphomas occurring synchronously in the parotid gland and cervical lymph node have not been reported earlier. A 72-year-old man with rubbery-hard and fixed mass on the left parotid area came to our clinic. We performed the left total parotidectomy with ipsilateral excision of lymph node (level II), and he was finally diagnosed as DLBCL in parotid gland and FL in upper neck. It is presumed that the DLBCL appeared to be a transformation from FL. We report the unique and rare disease entity with brief literature review.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo toxicity of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), on the immune system of the rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish were injected twice intraperitoneally with DEHP (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW), and the cellularity and functional activity of phagocytes in the spleen and head kidney were measured. The number of head kidney leukocyte cells was significantly greater in fish treated with 800-mg DEHP/kg BW. Nonspecific immunity, as determined by the phagocytic index, was significantly decreased at 800-mg DEHP/kg BW in the head kidney. A significant reduction in phagocytic capacity was observed in the head kidney at ${\geq}$400-mg DEHP/kg BW. Furthermore, significantly increased levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamic pyruvate transaminase indicated a marked hepatic dysfunction in immunosuppressed fish. Total serum protein was significantly reduced at ${\geq}$400-mg DEHP/kg BW; however, there were no significant changes in lysozyme activity. These results demonstrate that immune responses in the rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus can predict immunotoxicity at doses ${\geq}$400-mg DEHP/kg BW.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2013

The whiplash Injuries due to rear collision occur frequently. As result, in many countries, seat performance is being assessed and developed to improve head whiplash injury in rear collision of passenger car. This study compares whiplash assessment methods in each country. Using the DFSS(Design for Six Sigma) method, the correlation between influence parameters of head restraints and whiplash injury criteria is analyzed. Four control factors are used in this study. And total 11 whiplash injury criteria from NCAP(New Car Assessment Program) of Korea, Europe, China and IIHS(Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) of USA are used for output response. By the experimental design, L9 orthogonal coordinate system is configured and is tested by sled test equipment, twice. By using average assay value and ANOVA, the correlation between control factors and injury criteria has been comprehended. Optimization design of head restraint according the regional seat safety assessment was derived through the correlation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.515-540
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• 2016

This study investigated the characteristics of main house food cultures in Gyeonggi-do using a case study on the head family. The subject of this study was selected through an advisory committee of experts; it incorporated intangible and tangible elements of the main family based on relevant data. Selected representative main house of Gyeonggi-do had 12 parts in total. The entire investigation was conducted in five parts; literature search, telephone survey, in-depth interviews, inheritance food research of the head family, and cuisine demonstrations. Twelve families within the researched family clan had members of high merit or scholarly reputation qualified enough to serve bulcheonwi, a form of important religious worship. Food in Gyeonggi-do, specifically, can be served for Bongjesa jeopbingaek, which is a combination of performance of ancestral rites and greeting guests. Meat ingredients were frequently used. Articles of clothing were colorful and vivid, with wootgi that needed lots of work. Soup and steamed dishes tended to favor simple but fresh tastes that come with their cultural and historical context.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 1997

Hypothyroidism is not uncommon complication of therapy for head and neck cancer. A series of 52 patients treated with either radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery was retrospectively studied. Diagnostic procedure included total T3, T4 and TSH measured by radioimmunoassay. The rate of hypothyroidism was 25% (subclinical 15.4%, clinical 9.6%). The incidence of hypothyroidism increased to 40% when radiotherapy was combined with surgery. Risk factors influenced a high incidence of hypothyroidism were : tumor stage, primary tumor site, combination of radiotherapy and surgery (especially combined with laryngectomy). We advocate routine monitoring of head md neck cancer patients for hypothyroidism after treatment and recommend levothyroxine replacement therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism.

• Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of sport massage and McKenzie stretch exercise on forward head posture. To understand the effect, this study measured and analyzed body alignment of the neck. Methods: In this study, a total of 14 subjects with forward head posture were analyzed. Subjects were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=7) received a McKenzie stretch exercise and group 2 (n=7) received a McKenzie stretch exercise and a sport massage. The McKenzie stretch exercise was performed three times a week, for four weeks, while the sport massage was performed once a week. The body alignment of the neck (CVA, CRA) was measured using a goniometer. Results: The improvements in neck body alignments (CVA, CRA) after the McKenzie stretch exercise and sport massage were both significant (group 1: p<0.05; group 2: p<0.05), whereas the between-group comparison found no significant differences. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study confirmed that the McKenzie stretch exercise and sport massage had a significant positive effect on the body alignment of the neck. However, a study that included a greater number of subjects and a long-term treatment period is needed to generalize these results.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe office workers' postural behaviors during computer work to identify the risk factors for head and thorax postural behaviors. Methods: The participants included 57 office workers who worked longer than 20 hours on a computer. Postural behaviors during computer work were measured using 3-D wearable motion sensors on the forehead and sternum. A multivariate linear regression model evaluated the association between various risk factors (neck pain, demographics, and environmental factors) and non-head and thorax postural behaviors. Results: The participants maintained their head and thorax in neutral postures (defined as 10° extension~10° flexion and 5° extension~10° flexion, respectively) for 24.7% and 39.3% of the total recorded time. Those who reported neck pain at the measurement of postural behaviors showed less time spent in thorax postures. Current neck pain, high desk height, and the distance between the keyboard and the edge of the desk (cm) were found to be related to less time spent in a neutral thorax posture. Conclusion: Office environment factors and current neck pain might affect workers' thorax postures, which might also determine the orientation of head postures during computer work.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2023

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), a condition characterized by the presence of a necrotic bone lesion in the femoral head, is caused by a disruption in the blood supply. Its occurrence is more common in young and middle-aged adults and it is the main reason for performance of total hip arthroplasty in this age group. Its incidence is increasing along with increased use of glucocorticoids for management of adjuvant therapy for treatment of leukemia as well as organ transplantation and other myelogenous diseases. Current information on etiology and pathogenesis, as well as natural history, stage system, and treatments is provided in this review. A description of the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) criteria for classification of glucocorticoids-and alcohol-associated ONFH, 2019 ARCO staging system, and 2021 ARCO classification using computed tomography for the early stages of ONFH is also provided.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.411-420
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• 2007

The applicability of headed bars in exterior beam-column joints under reversed cyclic loading was investigated. A total of ten pullout tests were first performed to examine pullout behavior of headed bars subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading with test variables such as connection type between head and bar stem (weld or no weld), loading methods (monotonic or cyclic loading), and head shape (small or large circular head and square head). Two full-scale beam-column joint tests were then performed to compare the structural behavior of exterior beam-column joints constructed using two different reinforcement details: i.e. $90^{\circ}$ standard hooks and headed bars. Both joints were designed following the recommendations of ACI-ASCE Committee 352 for Type 2 performance: i.e. the connection is required to dissipate energy through reversals of deformation into inelastic range. The pullout test results revealed that welded head to the stem did not necessarily result in increased pullout strength when compared to non-welded head. Relatively large circular head resulted in higher peak load than smaller circular and square head. Both beam-column joints with conventional $90^{\circ}$ hooks and headed bars behaved similarly in terms of crack development, hysteresis curves, and peak strengths. The joint using the headed bars showed better overall structural performance in terms of ductility, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation. These experimental results demonstrate that the headed bars using relatively small head can be properly designed far use in external beam-column joint.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.445-451
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• 2016

The effect of reducing pork meat concentrations from 50% to 30% and replacing it with up to 20% pork head meat on chemical composition, cooking characteristics, physicochemical and textural properties, apparent viscosity, and sensory characteristics of frankfurters was determined. The highest moisture content in frankfurters was found in the control and T1 (frankfurter with 45% pork meat + 5% pork head). Protein and fat contents in frankfurters with pork head meat added were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the control. When the concentration of pork head meat was increased from 0% to 20%, cooking loss, total expressible fluid separation, fat separation, and pH of frankfurters were increased, while the lightness, redness, yellowness, and apparent viscosity of frankfurters were decreased. Ash contents, cohesiveness, color, and tenderness of sensory characteristics of frankfurters added with different amounts of pork meat or pork head meat were not significantly (p>0.05) different from those of the control or there treatments. Frankfurters in T4 (frankfurter with 30% pork meat + 20% pork head) had the lowest (p<0.05) hardness and gumminess. The hardness and gumminess of frankfurters in other treatments were not significantly different (p>0.05) from that in the control. Frankfurters with higher pork head meat concentrations had lower flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability scores. Therefore, replacing pork meat with pork head meat in the formulation could successfully produce results similar to those of control frankfurters. The best results were obtained when 10% pork head meat was used to replace pork meat.